Effect of triflumuron on two species of nitidulid beetles,Carpophilus hemipterus andUrophorus humeralis     

D. Blumberg  Shlomit Doron  S. Bitton 《Phytoparasitica》1985,13(1):9-19

Egg hatch of two nitidulids,Carpophilus hemipterus L. andUrophorus humeralis F., was affected by the chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron (Alsystin; BAY SIR 8514)via the adult stage of the beetle. This occurred by exposure to treated diets, by a brief dip of the adults in aqueous dilutions of the toxicant, or by contact with a treated plastic netting cage. Exposure of adults ofC. hemipterus for 24 h to 0.0125%, 0.00125%, 0.00025% or 0.000125% and ofU. humeralis to 0.0125% a.i.-treated diets completely prevented hatch of eggs laid during the subsequent 48 h on an untreated diet. Although at first sterile eggs were obtained with adults of either nitidulid species transferred to an untreated diet after 24 h exposure to the 0.0125%-treated diet, egg viability gradually recovered. The speed of recovery and the course of mortality of larvae that hatched from eggs laid by treated adults, indicated thatC. hemipterus was more susceptible thanU. humeralis to triflumuron. DippingC. hemipterus adults — males or females — in 0.0125% a.i. triflumuron also resulted in complete prevention of egg hatch. Similar results were obtained by a 1-h contact of adults with treated cages. Triflumuron had no direct ovicidal activity against the two species at the concentrations used but was very effective against larvae of both species. At 0.0125% a.i., 3-5-mm-long larvae ofU. humeralis were more tolerant than newly hatched larvae and than 3-5-mm-long larvae ofC. hemipterus. Application of 0.0125% a.i. triflumuron in a date palm grove did not prevent fruit infestation by nitidulid adults but, due to prevention of egg hatch, almost no larval development was observed.  相似文献   

Genetic associations between accumulated productivity, and reproductive and growth traits in Nelore cattle     

D.A. Grossi  O.G. Frizzas  C.C.P. Paz  L.A.F. Bezerra  R.B. Lbo  J.A. Oliveira  D.P. Munari 《Livestock Science》2008,117(2-3):139-146

The total meat yield in a beef cattle production cycle is economically very important and depends on the number of calves born per year or birth season, being directly related to reproductive potential. Accumulated Productivity (ACP) is an index that expresses a cow's capacity to give birth regularly at a young age and to wean animals of greater body weight. Using data from cattle participating in the “Program for Genetic Improvement of the Nelore Breed” (PMGRN — Nelore Brasil), bi-trait analyses were performed using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method based on an ACP animal model and the following traits: age at first calving (AFC), female body weight adjusted for 365 (BW365) and 450 (BW450) days of age, and male scrotal circumference adjusted for 365 (SC365), 450 (SC450), 550 (SC550) and 730 (SC730) days of age. Median estimated ACP heritability was 0.19 and the genetic correlations with AFC, BW365, BW450, SC365, SC450, SC550 and SC730 were 0.33, 0.70, 0.65, 0.08, 0.07, 0.12 and 0.16, respectively. ACP increased and AFC decreased over time, revealing that the selection criteria genetically improved these traits. Selection based on ACP appears to favor the heaviest females at 365 and 450 days of age who showed better reproductive performance as regards AFC. Scrotal circumference was not genetically associated with ACP.  相似文献   

Minor corral changes and adoption of good handling practices can improve the behavior and reduce cortisol release in Nellore cows     

Maria Lúcia Pereira Lima  João Alberto Negrão  Claudia Cristina Paro de Paz  Temple Grandin 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):525-530

Inadequate corral facilities and improper handling are major causes of stress in beef cattle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of minor changes in the corral and adoption of good handling practices on the behavior, cortisol release, and time spent taking blood samples in Nellore cows. Minor corral changes included obstructing the cow’s vision when the handler walked deep into the animal’s flight zone and the elimination of bright objects, color contrasts, puddles, shadows, and darkness in the corral. Handling was improved by eliminating dogs, electric goads (prods), and yelling, as well as adopting a calm behavior. A total of 141 Nellore cows from two typical extensive livestock farms were studied. The cows were evaluated individually before and after the corral changes. Blood samples were collected in the restraint device for cortisol measurement. The minor corral changes and the adoption of good handling practices result in better results for all variables studied. The results showed differences in the interactions between treatment and ranch for chute score (P = 0.0091) and exit score (P < 0.0001). The cortisol release was lower (P < 0.001) and better for the improved methods, resulting in calmer cows compared to cortisol released before the minor changes (41.03 ± 2.9 vs 60.40 ± 3.8 ng/mL). Minor changes made in the corrals and the adoption of good handling practices were effective in improving cow behavior in the chute and in reducing exit velocity, cortisol released, and the time spent taking blood samples.  相似文献   

Redox cycling induces spermptosis and necrosis in stallion spermatozoa while the hydroxyl radical (OH•) only induces spermptosis          下载免费PDF全文

P Martín Muñoz  L Anel‐López  JM Ortiz‐Rodríguez  M Álvarez  P de Paz  C Balao da Silva  H Rodríguez Martinez  MC Gil  L Anel  FJ Peña  C Ortega Ferrusola 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):54-67

Oxidative stress is a major factor explaining sperm dysfunction of spermatozoa surviving freezing and thawing and is also considered a major inducer of a special form of apoptosis, visible after thawing, in cryopreserved spermatozoa. To obtain further insights into the link between oxidative stress and the induction of apoptotic changes, stallion spermatozoa were induced to oxidative stress through redox cycling after exposure to 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (menadione), or hydroxyl radical formation after FeSO₄ exposure. Either exposure induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in two markers of lipid peroxidation: 8‐iso‐PGF_2α and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE). While both treatments induced changes indicative of spermptosis (caspase‐3 activation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) (p < 0.01), menadione induced sperm necrosis and a dramatic reduction in motility and thiol content in stallion spermatozoa. Thus, we provided evidence that oxidative stress underlies spermptosis, and thiol content is a key factor for stallion sperm function.  相似文献   

A field investigation of the use of the pedometer for the early detection of lameness in cattle     

Mazrier H  Tal S  Aizinbud E  Bargai U 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(9):883-886

The efficacy of the pedometer to predict lameness earlier than the appearance of the clinical signs in a herd of dairy cows was investigated by correlating pedometric activity (PA) with clinical cases of lameness. The computer program was set to identify cows with a reduction of 5% or more in PA compared with their own previous 10 days average; these animals were then examined for clinical lameness. At the same time, every lame cow was checked to see if and when its PA was reduced. Forty-six cows showed a reduced PA; 38 cases of lameness were identified by either a reduction in PA or clinical observation; of these, 21 lame cows (45.7%) showed a reduction in PA of 5% or more, 7 to 10 days prior to the appearance of clinical signs. This cohort comprised 55.3% of the lame cows. In 92% of the lame cows identified by PA, the decrease was above 15%.  相似文献   

Comparison of real-time PCR detection chemistries and cycling modes using Mon810 event-specific assays as model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

La Paz JL  Esteve T  Pla M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(11):4312-4318

The most widely accepted methods for accurate quantitative detection of genetically modified organisms rely on real-time PCR. Various detection chemistries are available for real-time PCR. They include sequence-unspecific DNA labeling dyes such SYBR-Green I and the use of both universal (e.g., AmpliFluor) and sequence-specific double-labeled probes, the latter comprising hybridization (e.g., Molecular Beacon) and hydrolysis (e.g., TaqMan or MGB) probes. Also, new real-time PCR devices and reagents allowing fast cycling reactions exist. Five Mon810 real-time PCR assays were developed in which the event specificity was based on the detection of transgene and plant rearranged sequences found to 3' flank the insertion site. Every assay was specifically designed for one particular detection chemistry, that is, AmpliFluor, Molecular Beacon, MGB, TaqMan, and SYBR-Green I. When possible, the assays were adapted to fast cycling mode. All assays displayed satisfactory performance parameters, although Molecular Beacon, MGB, and TaqMan chemistries were the most suitable for quantification purposes in both conventional and fast cycling modes.  相似文献   

Molecular diagnosis of mango malformation disease and phylogeny of Fusarium mangiferae     

Zvi Newman  Stanley Freeman  Iris Biton  David Sa’ada  Tali Paz  Marcel Maymon  Uri Lavi 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(3):287-297

Mango malformation disease (MMD) caused by various Fusaria, including the fungus Fusarium mangiferae, is difficult to diagnose and cannot be controlled effectively. In this study a PCR diagnostic tool was developed for detection of F. mangiferae by generating primers which flank fungus-specific sequences. The assay is suitable for both in-vitro and in-vivo tests, and is capable of detecting 10?pg of the fungal DNA. Relatively high genetic variation was discovered between various isolates of the pathogen based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. In addition, some isolates of F. mangiferae (including the accession numbers FMS-123 and NRRL 25226), were found to be quite distinct from most F. mangiferae accessions. Likewise, representative MMD-associated Fusaria from the Asian and American clades of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex were further differentiated by AFLP analyses.  相似文献   

Multifractal analysis of Hg pore size distributions in soils with contrasting structural stability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Paz Ferreiro  E. Vidal Vázquez 《Geoderma》2010,160(1):64-73

Parameters are needed to recognize and monitor changes in pore size distributions (PSD) caused by factors such as differences in soil management systems or by disturbance of the soil structure. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the potential of multifractal parameters obtained from mercury injection porosimetry (MIP) curves to distinguish between two soils with contrasting structure stability indices and between distinct stages of the surface of these soils. Samples were collected from the uppermost surface layer of two agricultural soils, before and after simulated rainfall. The first soil was loamy textured, with 4.61% organic matter content and a mean weight diameter (MWD) of 2.136 mm. The second soil was a silty loam with 2.17% organic matter content and a MWD of 0.262 mm, highly susceptible to crusting. Crusted soil surfaces were produced by cumulative 260 mm and 140 mm simulated rainfall on the loamy and the silty loam soil, respectively. Ten replicated samples from the initial freshly-tilled and the crusted soil surfaces were analyzed. In the diameter range of 100-0.005 μm, the freshly-tilled surface of the loamy soil had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pore volume than its rain-disturbed counterpart, whereas the respective pore volume of the silty loam soil slightly increased following simulated rain. The scaling properties of PSDs measured by MIP could be fitted reasonably well with multifractal models. Generalized dimension spectrum, D_q, led to a better definition of multifractal scaling than singularity spectrum, f(α). Multifractal parameters such as Hölder exponent of order zero, α₀, aperture of the left part of the singularity spectrum (α₀ − α_q+), entropy dimension, D₁, correlation dimension, D₂, as well as indexes (D₀-D₁) and (D₀-D₂) were significantly different between the structurally stable loamy soil and the silty loam soil prone to crusting and between initial and rain-disturbed surface stages (p < 0.05). Moreover, D₁ and (D₀-D₁) were also significantly affected by the interaction between soil type and surface stage. Parameter α₀ ranked as: loam initial < loam rain-disturbed < silty loam initial < silty loam rain-disturbed, whereas the opposite rank was true for entropy dimension, D₁. Consequently, low structural stability or stability decay due to disaggregation by rainfall lead to clustering of PSDs measured by Hg intrusion porosimetry. These results show that multifractal analysis of PSDs may be an appropriate tool for characterizing soil structure stability and also a suitable indicator for assessing soil surface evolution stages.  相似文献   

Assessment of conditions affecting Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation using the cotyledonary node explant   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Margie M. Paz  Huixia Shou  Zibiao Guo  Zhanyuan Zhang  Anjan K. Banerjee  Kan Wang 《Euphytica》2004,136(2):167-179

Conditions affecting Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], including seed vigor of explant source, selection system, and cocultivation conditions, were investigated. A negative correlation between seed sterilization duration and seed vigor, and a positive correlation between seed vigor and regenerability of explants were observed in the study, suggesting that use of high vigor seed and minimum seed sterilization duration can further improve transformation efficiency. Selection schemes using glufosinate or bialaphos as selective agents in vitro were assessed. Glufosinate selection enhanced soybean transformation as compared to bialaphos. The use of 6 mg L^-1 glufosinate during shoot induction and shoot elongation stages yielded higher final transformation efficiency ranging from 2.0% to 6.3% while bialaphos at 4 to 6 mg L^-1 gave 0% to 2.1% efficiency. Including cysteine and DTT during cocultivation increased the transformation efficiency from 0.2–0.9% to 0.6–2.9%. This treatment also improved T-DNA transfer as indicated by enhanced transient GUS expression. Shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium infection were attained in twelve soybean cultivars belonging to maturity groups I-VI. These cultivars maybe amenable to genetic transformation and may provide a valuable tool in soybean improvement programs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Integration of two simple models in a geographical information system to evaluate salinization risk in irrigated land of the Valencian Community, Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.M. de  Paz  F. Visconti  R. Zapata  J. Sánchez 《Soil Use and Management》2004,20(3):333-342

Abstract. Salt affected soil is one of the main problems decreasing the productivity of irrigated agriculture in the Mediterranean area. Simulation models in combination with geographical information systems (GISs) could be used to evaluate the risk of salinization at a regional scale. In this study, two logical models (Pla and Riverside) were combined in a GIS to evaluate the risk of soil salinity and sodicity in the irrigated agriculture of the Valencian Community, Spain. Simple models were chosen so that they could be used at a regional scale. Before running them in a GIS framework, a soil and irrigation water survey was conducted to validate the models with observed data. The Pla model fitted observed data better than Riverside guidelines, probably because parameters of water quality, soil and climate were considered by the Pla model. The resulting maps indicated that the soils most affected by salts are those located in the south of study area, owing to the arid climate, and those areas near the coast due to saline intrusion. Close to 42% of the irrigated area was predicted to be somewhat affected by salinization. The regional-scale soil salinity assessment presented here for the Valencian Community is the first to be made for this region and will be useful in targeting critical areas that may require special management.  相似文献