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11.
Songita SONOWAL Amy R. NAVA Sanket J. JOSHI Siddhartha Narayan BORAH Nazim F. ISLAM Soumya PANDIT Ram PRASAD Hemen SARMA 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):198-210
Biosurfactants are biomolecules produced by microorganisms, low in toxicity, biodegradable, and relatively easy to synthesize using renewable waste substrates. Biosurfactants are of great importance with a wide and versatile range of applications, including the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Plants may accumulate soil potentially toxic elements(PTEs), and the accumulation efficacy may be further enhanced by the biosurfactants produced by rhizospheric microorganisms. Occasionally, the growth of bacteria slows down in adverse conditions, such as highly contaminated soils with PTEs. In this context,the plant's phytoextraction capacity could be improved by the addition of metal-tolerant bacteria that produce biosurfactants. Several sources, categories,and bioavailability of PTEs in soil are reported in this article, with the focus on the cost-effective and sustainable soil remediation technologies, where biosurfactants are used as a remediation method. How rhizobacterial biosurfactants can improve PTE recovery capabilities of plants is discussed, and the molecular mechanisms in bacterial genomes that support the production of important biosurfactants are listed. The status and cost of commercial biosurfactant production in the international market are also presented. 相似文献
12.
Deoraj Alok T. Krishnan G. P. Talwar Lalit C. Garg 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(2):252-258
Abstract Singhi, the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis , attained gonadal maturity repeatedly in a single spawning cycle by photothermal treatment. After the first spawning, maintenance at 30 C and 14 h light/10 h dark for 3 wk induced recruitment of the next batch of mature oocytes for subsequent spawnings. The number of eggs released declined with each spawning. However, fertilizability of the eggs was maintained until the fifth spawning. Mature fish were induced to spawn by D-Lys6 salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administration. The dose of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the second and subsequent spawnings was determined to be 25-fold less compared to the dose administered for the first spawning. Fish released the maximum number of eggs upon induction when they were maintained continuously at 30 C and 14 h light/10 h dark for 6 wk. The result obtained in the present study points to a possibility of obtaining multiple spawnings from those species of farmed fish which spawn once a year. 相似文献
13.
Brain aluminum distribution in Alzheimer's disease and experimental neurofibrillary degeneration 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
Neurofibrillary degeneration is an important pathological finding in senile and presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Experimentally, aluminum induces neurofibrillary degeneration in neurons of higher mammals. Aluminum concentrations approaching those used experimentally have been found in some regions of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
14.
Shawn D. Coyle Siddhartha Dasgupta James H. Tidwell Thomas Beavers Leigh Anne Bright David K. Yasharian 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(3):282-290
Abstract— The freshwater prawn Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii is a commercially important culture species in the South Central United States. Two major constraints in the commercial culture of the freshwater prawn in the U.S. are poor survival during live transportation of seed‐stock to growout ponds, and live transportation of pond harvested prawn to distant live markets due to the territorial and cannibalistic nature of prawn. The use of anesthetics could possibly improve transport survival; however, to date anesthetic agents have not been evaluated for use with prawn. Two trials were conducted with juvenile freshwater prawn to compare the efficacy of anesthetics commonly used on fish. The first trial was designed to identify the most promising candidates. In Study 1, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222), 2‐phenoxyethanol, quinaldine sulfate (quinaldine), clove oil, and Aqui‐STM were evaluated at 25 and 100 mg/L for 1 h in three replicate 10‐L glass containers, containing five juvenile prawn each. Relative sedation level was determined every 3 min for 1 h, then recovery time and survival were measured. In Study 1, MS‐222 and 2‐phenoxyethanol were determined to be ineffective on prawn at all rates tested. Based on their performance in Study 1, quinaldine, clove oil, and AquiSTM were evaluated at 100, 200, and 300 mg/L in Study 2. Observations were determined as in Study 1. Clove oil and Aqui‐STM induced anesthesia faster and at lower concentrations than quinaldine. At the highest treatment rate (300 mg/L) prawn suffered 60% mortality in the Aqui‐STM treatment, 13% mortality in the quinaldine treatment, and 0% mortality in the clove oil treatment and control following a 1‐h exposure to these concentrations. Based on these data, Aqui‐STM and clove oil applied at 100 mg/L may be suitable anesthetic treatments for prawn. Additional research is needed to determine optimal time and dose relationships to minimize stress during holding, handling, and transportation of prawn. 相似文献
15.
16.
Rawther SS Saseendranath MR Nair GP Tresamol PV Pillai UN Abraham J Senthilkumar TM Nagalakshmy S Nimisha KK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):911-914
In the present study efficacy of single intradermal Johnin test, acid fast staining of faecal smear and IS 900 faecal polymerase chain reaction tests was evaluated in 200 goats for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Two hundred goats comprising 150 goats from an organised farm in Trichur district and 50 goats reared under field condition
at farmers premise from Malappuram district of Kerala state formed the study population. Faecal smear from all the 200 goats
was stained by Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast stain and faecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for M. avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP); IS 900 was performed on all samples. All the animals were subjected to single intradermal Johnin test. Out of 200 goats screened
for paratuberculosis, six goats (3%), 11 goats (5.5%) and 42 goats (21%) were found positive by Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast staining
of faecal smear, single intradermal Johnin test and IS 900 PCR respectively. Results of the present study indicate that amplification of IS 900 insertion element was the most specific and sensitive diagnostic detection method. Single intradermal Johnin test and Ziehl–Neelsen
acid fast staining did not show any significant difference. 相似文献
17.
Polymorphism analysis of BMPR1B gene by forced RFLP and PCR-SSCP techniques and expression of the mutation in introgressed sheep 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The present study was conducted to screen Kashmir valley sheep with history of prolificacy for the presence of FecB mutation. Forced polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and single strand conformation
polymorphism (SSCP) techniques were employed to detect any polymorphism present in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type
1B (BMPR1B) gene. Further, it was aimed at introgressing the FecB mutation into nonprolific noncarrier sheep. A 140-bp fragment of BMPR1B gene was amplified from isolated genomic DNA and subjected to forced RFLP with restriction enzyme AvaII. Three different RFLP patterns were identified. SSCP analysis showed one-to-one correspondence with RFLP patterns. Sequencing
of the samples showing different patterns revealed that the wild (+) and mutant (B) alleles were different by a single nucleotide
substitution in the form of A109G from wild to mutant allele. It led to change in amino acid from Glutamine (Q) to Arginine
(R) from wild to mutant allele. The mutation was only detected in NARI-Suwarna and their crosses; all Kashmir valley sheep
with prolific history lacked it. The + allele was abundant in the studied population. The FecB mutation was introgressed in nonprolific noncarrier sheep by crossing ewes with NARI-Suwarna rams possessing the mutation.
First generation crossing produced heterozygous (B+) progeny. Some of the F1 heterozygous ewes gave birth to twins when mated to unrelated NARI-Suwarna rams. It showed that FecB mutation was successfully expressing in those crosses. 相似文献
18.
Siddhesh Shamrao Bhende Sajan Kurien Krishnan Sesha Iyer 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(1):45-67
ABSTRACTSucker production of important clones belonging to different ploidy levels and genomic groups were assessed in three different planting seasons at Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India. The study revealed that morphological characters such as plant height, collar girth, and total number of leaves recorded very strong, significant, and positive correlation with sucker production characters but negative correlation was observed with average leaf production interval and bunch weight. The number of dead suckers was found to be positively correlated with plant height, collar girth, “D” leaf area, bunch weight, and average leaf production interval. In a cluster analysis, six banana varieties that were planted in different three seasons (18 entries) and their pooled data (6 entries) were grouped into four distinct clusters each. In factor/principle component analysis, the first three major factors/principle components amounted to a total of 85.9% of the variability. The communality values of the factor analysis revealed that collar girth was the major relative contributory trait for deciding the sucker yield and production in banana.Abbreviations: EVS: Early vegetative stage; AVS: Active vegetative stage; FBI: Flower bud initiation; FBD: Flower bud differentiation; PCA: Principle component analysis; FA: Factor analysis 相似文献
19.
20.
J. Praveenraj P. Ezhil Praveena T. Bhuvaneswari A. Navaneeth Krishnan K. P. Jithendran 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(2):617-627
Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of the disease known as viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in a variety of marine and freshwater fish species. The aim of this study was to demonstrate experimental infection of an isolate of betanodavirus (RGNNV genotype) in freshwater fish, Gambusia affinis, for elucidation of transmission mechanism and potential use as a laboratory model. Morbidity and mortality rate was significantly higher by injection route of infection as compared to immersion by bath and resembled the natural infection of juvenile marine fish. The fish in disease affected group showed severe neurological disorders accompanied by extensive vacuolar degeneration and mild to moderate neuronal necrosis of the brain in comparison to control. Amplification of ~?427 bp product in the variable region of the coat protein gene of betanodavirus was achieved by RT-PCR with 100% sequence homology to RGNNV genotype. 相似文献