Glucose Homoeostasis and Regulation in Lactating Mink ( Mustela vison ): Effects of Dietary Protein,Fat and Carbohydrate Supply     

Rikke Fink  Christian Friis Børsting  Birthe Marie Damgaard 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):102-111

The ability of lactating mink dams to control glucose homoeostasis, when fed diets containing different ratios of metabolizable energy (ME) from protein, fat and carbohydrates, was studied by measuring plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, urea and free fatty acids (FFA), in the fasted and absorptive state 4 weeks postpartum, in two consecutive years. A total of 36 yearling female mink, fitted with jugular vein catheters and raising litters of six or seven kits, was fed ad libitum lactation diets with different amounts of ME derived from protein, fat and carbohydrates (year 1:61:37:2, 46:37:17 and 31:37:32; year 2:61:38:1, 47:52:1 and 33:66:1). After 3 h fasting the dams were fed 210 kJ ME of the experimental diets. Blood samples were drawn 10 and 5 min before feeding and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min postprandially. The glucose concentration was increased 30 to 150 min postprandially in dams fed the carbohydrate-containing diets (46:37:17 and 31:37:32), whereas the glucose concentration showed no postprandial response in dams fed the carbohydrate-free diets (61:38:1, 47:52:1 and 33:66:1). Plasma insulin concentrations were increased 30 to 120 min postprandially in all dams, irrespective of dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of glucagon were higher ( P <0.005) in dams fed the low-protein diets (31:37:32 and 33:66:1) than in dams fed the high-protein diets (61:37:2 and 61:38:1). Postprandially, the glucagon : insulin ratios decreased in dams fed the carbohydrate-containing diets, whereas the glucagon:insulin ratios tended to increase in dams fed the carbohydrate-free diets. Plasma concentrations of urea were significantly higher in dams fed the high-protein diets. Plasma concentrations of FFA, measured in the second experiment (year 2) only, showed increased concentrations postprandially, the responses being significant in dams fed the 33:66:1 and 61:38:1 diets. In conclusion, the mink is able to regulate the concentrations of blood constituents involved in maintaining glucose homoeostasis, and thereby to adapt to a wide range of dietary protein and carbohydrate supply.  相似文献   

Energy Metabolism of the Cattle Egret     

W.R. Siegfried 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):265-273

Ages were estimated for the tropical sparid, Acanthopagrus berda, caught in northern KwaZulu-Natal estuaries. Whole otoliths were used in the age determination. Age estimates were validated by marginal increment analysis and oxytetracycline labelling, which indicated that opaque deposition occurs primarily from September to November each year. The reproducibility of age estimates was described by a coefficient of variation of 10%. The von Bertalanffy growth curve was found to best describe the growth of A. berda. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve indicated that A. berda in northern KwaZulu-Natal is a slowgrowing species, capable of reaching at least 16 years of age. Longevity of the species, coupled with sex change, late maturation and estuarine dependency, give cause for concern for the continued sustainable utilization of this species.  相似文献   

Suitability of carbon isotope discrimination,ash content and single mineral concentration for the selection of drought‐tolerant winter rye     

Lorenz Kottmann  Siegfried Schittenhelm  Anette Giesemann 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(5):579-587

Carbon isotope discrimination (?) has been proposed as selection criterion for grain yield under dry conditions, and ash content (m_a) and mineral concentration were suggested as surrogates for ?. In this study, the relationship between grain yield, ?, m_a and mineral concentration (Si, Ca, K, Mg) was examined in 2011 and 2012 on 16 winter rye genotypes grown under severe drought, mild drought (2012 only) and well‐watered conditions. Analyses were performed on mature flag leaves and grains. Highly significant differences between water regimes occurred for all measured traits. ?, m_a and mineral concentrations were significantly correlated with grain yield under severe drought in 2011, but not in 2012 except for ? in flag leaf. ? was related to m_a and mineral concentrations. Although the correlations were quite inconsistent, the results indicate that the measured traits can potentially be used as selection criterion for drought tolerance in rye. For a final statement about the suitability of these traits in rye breeding, the results should be secured with a larger and more diverse set of genotypes.  相似文献   

CASE REPORT: Suspected acute meperidine toxicity in a dog     

Francis J Golder  Jeffrey Wilson  M Paula Larenza  Owen T Fink 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(5):471-477

ObservationsA 22‐month‐old male neutered Coton De Tulear dog was presented for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under general anesthesia. The anesthetic plan included premedication with intramuscular meperidine (4 mg kg^?1) but meperidine was inadvertently administered at ten‐fold this dose. Within 5 minutes, the dog was unresponsive to external stimulation, and by 10 minutes post‐injection developed generalized signs of central nervous system (CNS) excitement. Initial therapy included inspired oxygen supplementation, and single intravenous (IV) doses of diazepam (0.68 mg kg^?1) and naloxone (0.03 mg kg^?1) to no effect. A second dose of diazepam (0.46 mg kg^?1, IV) abolished most of the signs of CNS excitement. General anesthesia was induced and the endoscopy performed. Time to extubation was initially prolonged, but administering naloxone (final dose 0.1 mg kg^?1, IV) to effect enabled extubation. After naloxone, the dog became agitated, noise sensitive, and had leg and trunk muscle twitches. Diazepam (0.30 mg kg^?1, IV) abolished these signs and the dog became heavily sedated and laterally recumbent. Naloxone administration was continued as a constant rate infusion (0.02 mg kg^?1 hour^?1, IV) until approximately 280 minutes post‐meperidine injection, at which time the dog suddenly sat up. Occasional twitches of the leg and trunk muscles were observed during the night. The dog was discharged the next day appearing clinically normal.ConclusionsGiven that the CNS excitatory effects of normeperidine are not a μ opioid receptor effect, the use of naloxone should be considered carefully when normeperidine excitotoxicity is suspected. Benzodiazepines may be beneficial in ameliorating clinical signs of normeperidine excitotoxicity.  相似文献   

Comparative susceptibility of Ostrinia furnacalis, Ostrinia nubilalis and Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 toxins     

S.Y. TanB.F. Cayabyab  E.P. AlcantaraY.B. Ibrahim  F. HuangE.E. Blankenship  B.D. Siegfried 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1184-1189

Transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are highly effective against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and the closely related Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Since the registration of Bt corn hybrids in the U.S. in 1996, there has been a great deal of information generated on O. nubilalis. However, relatively little information exists for O. furnacalis. To help determine whether the information generated for O. nubilalis can be leveraged for decisions regarding the use of transgenic Bt corn against O. furnacalis, experiments were designed to determine whether the pattern of sensitivity to various Bt Cry1 toxins is similar between the two species. Test insects included laboratory-reared O. furnacalis originating from Malaysia, a Bt-susceptible laboratory colony of O. nubilalis maintained at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and an out-group consisting of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), from Louisiana which represents a different genus from the same family. O. furnacalis and O. nubilalis exhibited a similar pattern of susceptibility to all the Cry1 toxins and were highly susceptible to the range of Bt toxins tested including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F. Both of the Ostrinia species were more tolerant to Cry1Ba compared with D. saccharalis, although sensitivity of O. furnacalis was intermediate and did not differ significantly from that of O. nubilalis and D. saccharalis. D. saccharalis was also susceptible to the range of toxins tested but unlike the two Ostrinia species, was more tolerant to Cry1F and more susceptible to Cry1Ba. These results indicate that both of the Ostrinia corn borer species are similar in sensitivity to the Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba and Cry1F toxins, thus suggesting shared toxin receptors and mechanisms of toxicity for the two species.  相似文献   

The fatty acid composition of Nereis diversicolor cultured in an integrated recirculated system: Possible implications for aquaculture     

Adrian A. Bischoff  Patrick Fink  Uwe Waller   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,296(3-4):271-276

The potential of solid waste originating from a recirculated fish culture system, i.e. faecal material, uneaten food pellets and bacterial biofilms was examined as food source for the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor. These polychaetes could be a valuable food for fish if they provide essential fatty acids to the fish. Therefore, we analysed the fatty acid profiles from feed and faecal materials, the sediment as well as the cultured organisms — fish and several batches of N. diversicolor — from an integrated recirculating aquaculture system.The major fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) for all analysed fish feed, fish and faeces samples were C16:0, C18:1 and C22:6 (n − 3), accounting for 48% to 57% of the fatty acids in the samples. The major fatty acids within the sediment were C16:0, C18:1 and C18:3 (n − 3), accounting for 61% of the total fatty acids. The samples of N. diversicolor revealed C16:0, C18:1 and C20:5 (n − 3) as the major fatty acids. Combined, they accounted for 56% of the total fatty acids detected within the worm samples.The results indicate that a recycling or even an upgrade of excreted feed nutrients such as fatty acids, which were otherwise discharged, can be achieved through integrated aquaculture combining fish and worm culture.  相似文献   

Non-invasive imaging of plant roots in different soils using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)     

Daniel Pflugfelder  Ralf Metzner  Dagmar van Dusschoten  Rüdiger Reichel  Siegfried Jahnke  Robert Koller 《Plant methods》2017,13(1):102

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Rare and vulnerable birds in South Africa     

W.R. Siegfried  P.G.H. Frost  J. Cooper  A.C. Kemp 《Biological conservation》1976,10(2):83-93

The paper summaries information obtained through an initial survey undertaken to identify those avian populations which qualify for inclusion in a South African Red Data Book, and whose conservation status is in need of special attention. One hundred and one species' populations are included in the preliminary list. Nine of the 101 species are endemic to South Africa. There is a predominance of forest and wetland species, of birds of prey, and of mainly tropical species occurring as intrusions in the north east of South Africa. Many of the species listed are peripheral to South Africa and are widespread and abundant extra-limitally. Twenty species' populations which require urgent conservation attention are listed. As far as is known, no avian species has become extinct during historical times in South Africa, but two are at present endangered, i.e. threatened with immediate extinction.  相似文献   

Der ordentliche Fruchtgenusz im Nieszbrauchwalde     

Siegfried Henn 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1914,36(11):578-588

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Reformen auf dem Gebiete der Staatsverwaltung     

Siegfried Heun 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1912,34(7):358-367

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献