Cadmium Uptake by Yeast, Candida tropicalis, Isolated from Industrial Effluents and Its Potential Use in Wastewater Clean-Up Operations     

Abdul Rehman  Muhammad Sohail Anjum 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,205(1-4):149-159

This study is aimed at assessing the ability of metal-resistant yeast, Candida tropicalis, to uptake cadmium from the liquid medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cd²⁺ against C. tropicalis was 2,800 mg L^?1. The yeast also showed tolerance towards Zn²⁺ (3,100 mg L^?1), Ni²⁺ (3,000 mg L^?1), Hg²⁺ (2,400 mg L^?1), Cu²⁺ (2,300 mg L^?1), Cr⁶⁺ (2,000 mg L^?1), and Pb²⁺ (1,200 mg L^?1). The yeast isolate showed typical growth curves, but low specific rate of growth was observed in the presence of cadmium. The yeast isolate showed optimum growth at 30°C and pH 7. The metal processing ability of the isolate was determined in a medium containing 100 mg L^?1 of Cd²⁺. C. tropicalis could decline Cd²⁺ 57%, 69%, and 80% from the medium after 48, 96, and 144 h, respectively. C. tropicalis was also able to remove Cd²⁺ 56% and 73% from the wastewater after 6 and 12 days, respectively. Cd produced an increase in glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiol levels by 146.15% and 59.67% at 100 mg L^?1 concentration, respectively. Metal tolerance and accumulation together with changes in the GSH status and non-protein thiols under Cd exposure were studied in C. tropicalis.  相似文献   

Serum metabolites, milk yield, and physiological responses during the first week after kidding in Anglo-Nubian, Angora, Baladi, and Damascus goats under subtropical conditions     

Anwar MM  Ramadan TA  Taha TA 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(13):4795-4806

This study was carried out to determine the level of certain biochemical variables reflecting the energy metabolic statuses during the first week of lactation in goats. A total of 120 Anglo-Nubian, Angora, Baladi, and Damascus does (30 does per breed) were used throughout 5 consecutive parities (30 does per parity) to investigate the effect of breed, parity, day of lactation, and their interaction on serum metabolites including total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, and transaminases. Blood samples were collected every other day during the first week of lactation. Baladi does had the greatest (P < 0.001) values in all measured biochemical variables followed by Anglo-Nubian [in total protein, globulin, and aminotransferase (AST)] and Damascus (in globulin and AST) and then Angora, which had the lowest (P < 0.001) values for all variables. Fifth parity exhibited the greatest (P < 0.001) values in all serum metabolites compared with other parities except for alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity in which the greatest (P = 0.046) values were observed in the first and fourth parties. Serum concentrations of the measured variables increased gradually throughout the first day after kidding until the seventh day for total protein (P < 0.001), albumin (P = 0.013), globulin (P = 0.017), and cholesterol (P = 0.028) whereas serum glucose concentration exhibited an opposite trend. Serum concentrations of total lipids and enzyme activities of AST and ALT were not affected by day (P > 0.05) after kidding. Baladi goats had the least (P < 0.001) serum insulin concentration, which was associated (P < 0.001) with greatest serum glucose concentration. Serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) was inversely correlated (P = 0.032) with milk yield whereas greatest (P = 0.003) T(3) concentrations were associated with least (P < 0.001) milk yield recorded in Angora goats. Animal physiological responses and their indices were not affected (P > 0.05) by breed whereas both rectal temperature and coefficient of heat tolerance were affected (P < 0.001) by parity in an opposite direction. Baladi goats expressed an aspect of adaptability where their rectal temperature decreased and coefficient of heat tolerance increased with increasing parity number.  相似文献   

达坂城地区荒漠及农业区鼠类群落的聚类分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

艾尼瓦尔铁木尔帕提古丽  张大铭 《干旱区研究》1999,16(1):49-52

本文根据１９９３．８－１９９５．５的调查资料并采用了聚类分析对达坂城地区荒漠及农业区鼠类群落进行了分析研究,结果表明,该地区的鼠类可划分为３种群落,小林姬鼠＋褐家鼠＋小家鼠群落;小林姬鼠＋灰仓鼠群落;红尾沙鼠＋五趾跳鼠群落;群落的多样性指数以群落Ａ最高,次为群落;群落Ｃ的多样性最低。  相似文献   

干旱区城市化对城市内河水质的影响研究——以吐曼河为例     

艾尼瓦尔·买买提  麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜  海米提·依米提 《水土保持研究》2007,14(3):188-191

随着城市社会经济的迅速发展，工业主导的城市化过程带来了许多城市生态环境问题，引起了城市内河水质的恶化。采用1996～2000年喀什市吐曼河水质观测数据、1990年与1999年卫星遥感图像和城市发展中有关的社会经济统计数据与土地利用资料，在3S技术的支持下，运用地表水污染综合指数法，对吐曼河水质进行评价，定量与定性相结合分析了干旱区城市化对城市内河水质的影响。结果表明：大气中的总悬浮颗粒是导致吐曼河水质严重污染的主要原因。此外，城市化所带来得人口增加、工业化与土地利用方式的改变也一定程度的影响了吐曼河的水质。  相似文献   

污灌土壤中氟及硫的形态分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

艾尼瓦尔·买买提  地里拜尔·苏力坦 《水土保持研究》2006,13(5):238-240,244

以乌鲁木齐雅马里克山的石灰性土壤为研究对象,采用连续提取法和分步提取法对土壤氟和硫的化学形态进行了测定,研究了不同水质及外源对土壤氟和硫各形态的含量及其分布的影响.结果表明土壤氟主要以残渣态为主,占全氟含量99.5%以上.各形态氟呈残余态氟>有机束缚态氟>水溶态氟>可交换态氟>铁锰结合态氟的趋势.不同水质浇灌后,土壤硫主要以有机硫为主,占71.5%～81.2%.并且呈现有机硫>盐酸可溶性硫>水溶性硫>吸附性硫的趋势.外源物质对土壤理化性质及对土壤中氟和硫各形态有不同程度的影响.土壤氟和硫各形态之间以及各形态与土壤理化性质之间的相关性分析表明,全氟与残余态氟极显著相关.土壤全硫与有机硫之间具有十分密切的相关性.土壤pH值、有机质和CaCO₃含量是影响土壤中氟及硫赋存形态的主要土壤因子.  相似文献   

Analytical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil grown in temperate regions of Pakistan     

Anwar F  Bhanger MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(22):6558-6563

The hexane-extracted oil content of Moringa oleifera seeds ranged from 38.00 to 42.00%. Protein, fiber, and ash contents were found to be 26.50-32.00, 5.80-9.29, and, 5.60-7.50%, respectively. Results of physical and chemical parameters of the extracted oil were as follows: iodine value, 68.00-71.80; refractive index (40 degrees C), 1.4590-1.4625; density (24 degrees C), 0.9036-0.9080 mg/mL; saponification value, 180.60-190.50; unsaponifiable matter, 0.70-1.10%; and color (1 in. cell), 0.95-1.10 R + 20.00-35.30 Y. Tocopherols (alpha, gamma, and delta) in the oil were up to 123.50-161.30, 84.07-104.00, and 41.00-56.00 mg/kg, respectively. The oil was found to contain high levels of oleic acid (up to 78.59%) followed by palmitic, stearic, behenic, and arachidic acid up to levels of 7.00, 7.50, 5.99, and 4.21%, respectively. The induction period (Rancimat, 20 L/h, 120 degrees C) of the crude oil was 9.99 h and reduced to 8.63 h after degumming. Specific extinctions at 232 and 270 nm were 1.70 and 0.31, respectively. Many parameters of M. oleifera oil indigenous to Pakistan were comparable to those of typical Moringa seed oils reported in the literature. The results of the present analytical study were also compared with those of different vegetable oils.  相似文献   

地衣对重金属的累积效应用于乌鲁木齐市大气监测的研究     

努斯热提古丽·安外尔  古再丽努尔·阿卜来提  买买提·沙塔尔  阿不都拉·阿巴斯  艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(12):2310-2318

[目的]评价地衣重金属富集能力及其在城市空气环境质量评价中的应用前景.[方法]利用地衣移植法把丽石黄衣移植到乌鲁木齐市区15个监测点,用原子吸收光谱仪测量地衣体内6种重金属含量,根据重金属含量计算单项污染量指数和Nemerow综合污染指数.[结果]随着移植时间的延长地衣体内的重金属含量出现上升趋势,丽石黄衣体内重金属含量具有显著的时空变化特征.同时把单向污染量指数作为变量进行聚类分析和主成分分析,显示15个监测点分为轻污染区、中度污染区、重污染区,严重污染区等三个等级.[结论]地衣具有较高的重金属富集能力,对大气污染较敏感,可以作为大气环境质量评价指示地衣种类.  相似文献   

干旱区绿洲土壤盐渍化动态变化及其影响因子分析研究—以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例     

阿迪力江·阿布来提  塔西甫拉提·特依拜  阿不都拉·阿不力孜  西尔艾力·艾买提  米也塞·艾尼玩  张飞 《新疆农业科学》2010,47(9):1858

[目的]土地盐渍化是干旱、半干旱地区由于人类不合理的开发土地资源活动和脆弱的生态环境相互影响而引起的土地退化问题,它严重威胁着干旱区绿洲生态环境的稳定性,约束着社会经济的可持续发展.因此,监测盐渍地的分布范围及其盐渍化程度,分析其成因对绿洲生态环境和社会经济可持续发展有着重要的意义.[方法]以塔里木盆地北缘盐渍地普遍发育区域渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例,利用 1989年TM,2001年ETM +和2007年ALOS 3个时期的遥感影像数据,在野外调查的基础上,采用监督分类方法,进行了盐渍地动态变化分析研究.[结果]1989～2007年的19 a中,重度盐渍地面积从1 177.78 km2增加到1 192.33 km2,中度盐渍地面积增加了1 353.25 km2,轻度盐渍地面积减少了3.40;,总盐渍地面积呈增加趋势,增加面积为981.30 km2.[结论]盐渍化影响因子中人为因素占主导地位.对水和土地资源需求的增加以及不合理利用导致了该区域生态环境的恶化,进一步加重了盐渍化问题.  相似文献   

Effect of curing time on physical and mechanical properties of phenolic-treated bamboo strips     

U.M.K. Anwar  M.T. Paridah  H. Hamdan  S.M. Sapuan  E.S. Bakar 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(1):214-219

Effect of pressing time on physical and mechanical properties of phenolic-impregnated bamboo strips was evaluated. Bamboo strips (Gigantochloa scortechinii) were impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LMwPF) resin. Samples were submerged in LMwPF resin using a vacuum chamber of 750 mmHg for 1 h before it was released within 1.5 h. Treated strips were dried in an oven with a temperature of 60 °C within 6–9 h. It was hot pressed at 14 kg m^?2 and a temperature of 140 °C for 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 min. The physical and mechanical properties of the test indicated that the properties of phenolic-treated strips have significantly increased as compared to control samples. Dimensional stability (water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion) of the phenolic-treated properties were significantly lower than control after 5-min pressing time. The antishrink efficiency (ASE) of phenolic-treated strips increased when pressing time were extended from 5 to 17 min. The mean value of modulus of rupture (MOR) for the control samples (177 N mm^?2) showed a significant difference with phenolic-treated strips after 17-min pressing time (224 N mm^?2). However, there is no significant difference in compression parallel to grain. The MOE of phenolic-treated strips was 21,777 N mm^?2 and for control was 18,249 N mm^?2, whereas the compression parallel to grain values for phenolic-treated and control samples were 94 and at 77 N mm^?2, respectively.  相似文献   

Capacitation of Frozen Thawed Buffalo Bull (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatozoa with Higher Heparin Concentrations     

A Mehmood  M Anwar  SM Saqlan Naqvi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):376-379

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of high heparin concentration on capacitation of buffalo spermatozoa with a short incubation time. Frozen thawed spermatozoa from three buffalo bulls were pooled and treated with either 50, 100 or 200 microg/ml heparin for 30 min. Capacitation was evaluated by acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization rate (per cent cleavage rate, per cent cleavage index). Acrosome reaction was induced in heparin treated spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 and staining was carried out with Coomassie G-250 to evaluate the response as compared with control (0 heparin + calcium ionophore). Significantly higher percentage of acrosome reaction (AR) spermatozoa was noted after heparin treatment (36.8-48.2%) as compared with control (8.1% ; p < 0.05) but differences among the three heparin concentrations were non-significant. However, a significantly higher in vitro fertilization rate was recorded in spermatozoa capacitated by 50 and 100 microg/ml heparin (80.4 and 75.9% cleavage rate, respectively) as compared with 200 microg/ml heparin (47.2% cleavage rate; p < 0.001). It is concluded that buffalo spermatozoa capacitated with 50-100 microg/ml heparin had significantly higher ability to improve in vitro fertilization rate in buffalo.  相似文献