Proliferative dermatitis in a loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, and a green turtle, Chelonia mydas, associated with novel papillomaviruses     

Manire CA  Stacy BA  Kinsel MJ  Daniel HT  Anderson ET  Wellehan JF 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,130(3-4):227-237

A subadult loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, presented with generalized small, white, raised lesions over its neck, shoulders, and all four flippers. A juvenile green turtle, Chelonia mydas, recently treated for fibropapillomatosis, presented with four similar localized lesions on one flipper. To diagnose the conditions, biopsies of the lesions were taken for histopathology, electron microscopy, and molecular diagnostics. Histopathologic findings were similar in the two turtles and skin lesions were characterized by multifocal areas of epidermal hyperplasia accompanied by variation and abnormalities in the nuclear morphology of keratinocytes and a few intranuclear inclusions in some cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed multiple epithelial cells with large intranuclear aggregates of virions consistent in morphology with papillomavirus. Papillomavirus was detected in samples from both turtles by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis of the partial sequence of the papillomavirus E1 gene revealed two viruses (CcPV and CmPV) that were distinct from each other and from other species in Papillomaviridae, and likely represent two novel species and perhaps a new genus.  相似文献   

Two herpesviruses associated with disease in wild Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)     

Stacy BA  Wellehan JF  Foley AM  Coberley SS  Herbst LH  Manire CA  Garner MM  Brookins MD  Childress AL  Jacobson ER 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(1-3):63-73

Herpesviruses are associated with lung-eye-trachea disease and gray patch disease in maricultured green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and with fibropapillomatosis in wild sea turtles of several species. With the exception fibropapillomatosis, no other diseases of wild sea turtles of any species have been associated with herpesviral infection. In the present study, six necropsied Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) had gross and histological evidence of viral infection, including oral, respiratory, cutaneous, and genital lesions characterized by necrosis, ulceration, syncytial cell formation, and intranuclear inclusion bodies. Nested polymerase chain reaction targeting a conserved region of the herpesvirus DNA-dependent-DNA polymerase gene yielded two unique herpesviral sequences referred to as loggerhead genital-respiratory herpesvirus and loggerhead orocutaneous herpesvirus. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these viruses are related to and are monophyletic with other chelonian herpesviruses within the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae. We propose the genus Chelonivirus for this monophyletic group of chelonian herpesviruses.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of hydroxyzine and cetirizine following oral administration of hydroxyzine to exercised Thoroughbred horses     

Heather K. Knych  Daniel Weiner  Stacy Steinmetz  Katherine Flynn  Daniel S. McKemie 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(6):617-623

Hydroxyzine is a first‐generation antihistamine and cetirizine, a second‐generation antihistamine and active metabolite of hydroxyzine. Hydroxyzine is commonly used in performance horses and as such its use in closely regulated; however, there are no published studies suitable for establishing appropriate regulatory recommendations. In the current study, 12 exercised Thoroughbred research horses received a single oral administration of 500 mg of hydroxyzine. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to and up to 96 hr postdrug administration and concentrations of hydroxyzine and cetirizine determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A joint parent/metabolite population 2‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with first‐order absorption and elimination was utilized to describe the pharmacokinetics of both compounds. Serum hydroxyzine and cetirizine concentrations were above the limit of quantitation (0.1 ng/ml) of the assay at 96 hr (the last time point sampled). The terminal half‐life was 7.41 and 7.13 hr for hydroxyzine and cetirizine, respectively. Findings from this study suggest that a prolonged withdrawal time should be observed if this compound is used in performance administered to performance horses and is classified as prohibited substance by the applicable regulatory body.  相似文献   

Tolerance evaluation of overdosed dietary levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in growing piglets          下载免费PDF全文

S. J. von Rosenberg  G. M. Weber  A. Erhardt  U. Höller  U. A. Wehr  W. A. Rambeck 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):371-380

Forty‐eight, cross‐bred (GL × LW × P) piglets were used in a 42‐day tolerance trial to assess the effects of feeding diets supplemented with vitamin D or increasing levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25‐OH‐D₃). Six‐week‐old piglets (24 castrate males, 24 females) were used. Two replicate groups of 6 piglets were randomized by weight and allocated to four dietary treatments. The control group (T1) was supplemented with 50 μg vitamin D₃/kg feed. The experimental groups received 25‐OH‐D₃ at the recommended dose (T2: 50 μg/kg = 1x), at 250 μg/kg (T3: 5x) or at 500 μg/kg (T4: 10x) respectively. Feed intake and daily weight gain were measured weekly, and the animals were examined by a veterinarian daily. After 42 days, body mass, blood, urine, bone and tissue samples were analysed and a pathology examination conducted. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on final body mass or daily weight gain. The 25‐OH‐D₃ plasma concentration in T1 was 17 ± 3 ng/ml (mean ± SD) while the respective values of the experimental groups were significantly increased in T2, T3 and T4. Tissue concentrations of 25‐OH‐D₃ were higher in liver and muscle for T3 and T4 and in skin for T4 than in T1. However, neither gross pathology nor histology, nor blood and urine characteristics, nor bone parameters were affected by dietary treatments. Weight of organs as well as dry matter, ash and calcium content of kidneys remained unaffected by dietary 25‐OH‐D₃ intake. Furthermore, no changes were observed for general indicators of health. The results of this study demonstrated that feeding piglets with 25‐OH‐D₃ at 5 or 10 times the recommended level had no adverse effects on any of the biological parameters measured. It was concluded that 25‐OH‐D₃ can be regarded as a supplement with a very high safety margin when used at the recommended level.  相似文献   

Heritability of dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass     

Bonos SA 《Phytopathology》2006,96(8):808-812

ABSTRACT The dollar spot disease incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is an important disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Genetic resistance is an important control strategy and could reduce fungicide use. Despite recent research, the genetic mechanism of dollar spot resistance in turfgrasses is still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine narrow-sense heritability and predicted gain from selection for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass and (ii) evaluate inheritance characteristics of dollar spot disease resistance. Inheritance characteristics such as the detection of major genes, heterosis, maternal effects, and combining ability were determined by evaluating the disease severity of progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible bent-grass clones. Parental clones and progenies from crosses were established in a field trial in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with one isolate of S. homoeocarpa applied at a rate of 0.25 g m(-2) of prepared inoculum. Differences in progeny means between crosses were observed over both years. Progeny from resistant x resistant crosses had significantly less disease severity than resistant x susceptible and susceptible x susceptible crosses. High narrow-sense heritability estimates (0.79 [2002], 0.79 [2003]) and large mean squares for general combining ability support the idea that additive gene action plays a significant role in disease resistance and support previous research that dollar spot resistance is most likely quantitatively inherited.  相似文献   

Sensitive PCR analysis of animal tissue samples for fragments of endogenous and transgenic plant DNA     

Nemeth A  Wurz A  Artim L  Charlton S  Dana G  Glenn K  Hunst P  Jennings J  Shilito R  Song P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(20):6129-6135

An optimized DNA extraction protocol for animal tissues coupled with sensitive PCR methods was used to determine whether trace levels of feed-derived DNA fragments, plant and/or transgenic, are detectable in animal tissue samples including dairy milk and samples of muscle (meat) from chickens, swine, and beef steers. Assays were developed to detect DNA fragments of both the high copy number chloroplast-encoded maize rubisco gene (rbcL) and single copy nuclear-encoded transgenic elements (p35S and a MON 810-specific gene fragment). The specificities of the two rbcL PCR assays and two transgenic DNA PCR assays were established by testing against a range of conventional plant species and genetically modified maize crops. The sensitivities of the two rbcL PCR assays (resulting in 173 and 500 bp amplicons) were similar, detecting as little as 0.08 and 0.02 genomic equivalents, respectively. The sensitivities of the p35S and MON 810 PCR assays were approximately 5 and 10 genomic equivalents for 123 bp and 149 bp amplicons, respectively, which were considerably less than the sensitivity of the rbcL assays in terms of plant cell equivalents, but approximately similar when the higher numbers of copies of the chloroplast genome per cell are taken into account. The 173 bp rbcL assay detected the target plant chloroplast DNA fragment in 5%, 15%, and 53% of the muscle samples from beef steers, broiler chickens, and swine, respectively, and in 86% of the milk samples from dairy cows. Reanalysis of new aliquots of 31 of the pork samples that were positive in the 173 bp rbcL PCR showed that 58% of these samples were reproducibly positive in this same PCR assay. The 500 bp rbcL assay detected DNA fragments in 43% of the swine muscle samples and 79% of the milk samples. By comparison, no statistically significant detections of transgenic DNA fragments by the p35S PCR assay occurred with any of these animal tissue samples.  相似文献   

Diatoms in cytologic specimens of aquatic animals – Part II,dermal, respiratory,and gastric samples     

Nicole Stacy  Martine de Wit  Shane Boylan  Frances Gulland  Tom Frankovich 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(4):473-474

  相似文献   

Retrospective evaluation of adjunctive doxorubicin for the treatment of feline mammary gland adenocarcinoma: 67 cases     

Novosad CA  Bergman PJ  O'Brien MG  McKnight JA  Charney SC  Selting KA  Graham JC  Correa SS  Rosenberg MP  Gieger TL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2006,42(2):110-120

Medical records for 67 cats with histologically confirmed mammary gland adenocarcinomas treated with adjunctive doxorubicin from June 1994 through December 2002 were reviewed. Data were examined to evaluate factors influencing disease-free interval (DFI) and survival time. The Kaplan-Meier median survival time of cats that received surgery and doxorubicin was 448 days. The Kaplan-Meier median DFI was 255 days. Significant univariate prognostic factors for DFI included histological subtype, completion of initial chemotherapy, development of metastatic disease, and location of metastatic disease. Significant univariate prognostic factors for survival included tumor volume, the development of metastatic disease, and location of metastatic disease.  相似文献   

Development and validation of cytokine quantitative, real time RT-PCR assays for characterization of Asian elephant immune responses     

Jennifer A. Landolfi  Stacy A. Schultz  Susan K. Mikota  Karen A. Terio 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,131(1-2):73-78

Infectious disease is an important factor in Asian elephant health and long-term species survival. In studying disease pathogenesis, it is important to consider not only the pathogen, but also the effectiveness of the host immune response. Currently, there is a paucity of information available on elephant immune function. Measurement of cytokine levels within clinical samples can provide valuable information regarding immune function during health and disease that may elucidate disease susceptibility. To develop tools for assessment of elephant immune function, Asian elephant partial mRNA sequences for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-actin were determined. Sequence information was then utilized to design elephant-specific primers and probes for quantitative, real time, RT-PCR assays for the measurement of cytokine mRNA. Greater than 300 bps of Asian elephant mRNA sequence were determined for each cytokine of interest. Consistent and reproducible, real time, RT-PCR assays with efficiencies of greater than 93% were also developed. Assay sensitivities ranged from less than 1 to 5000 DNA copies with the exception of IL-12, which had a sensitivity of 42,200 copies. Employment of molecular techniques utilizing mRNA-based detection systems, such as real time, RT-PCR, facilitate sensitive and specific cytokine detection and measurement in samples from species for which commercial reagents are not available. Future studies utilizing these techniques to compare elephant immune function during health and in the face of infection will be useful for characterizing the contribution of the elephant immune system to disease.  相似文献   

Recognizing existing models     

Rosenberg WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6067):401

  相似文献