Aortic occlusion caused by a bullet     

V D Stauffer  T M Craig 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(6):840-841

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Total synthesis and cloning of a gene coding for the ribonuclease S protein   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

K P Nambiar  J Stackhouse  D M Stauffer  W P Kennedy  J K Eldredge  S A Benner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,223(4642):1299-1301

A gene for ribonuclease S protein, has been chemically synthesized and cloned. The gene is designed to have 25 specific restriction endonuclease sites spaced at short intervals, permitting its structure to be rapidly modified. This flexibility facilitates tests of hypotheses relating the primary structure of the enzyme to its physical and catalytic behavior.  相似文献   

GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN THE HORSE IN THE UPRIGHT POSITION: A COMPARISON WITH LATERAL RECUMBENCY USING CLINICAL AND RESPIRATORY DATA     

U. Schatzmann  D. Hotz  J.L. Stauffer  N. Hess 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1991,18(Z1):291-299

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Optimization of a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in canine fecal specimens     

Gookin JL  Stauffer SH  Coccaro MR  Marcotte MJ  Levy MG 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(7):783-787

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimum reaction conditions and detection limits of PCR assay for identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in DNA extracted from canine feces. SAMPLE POPULATION: DNA extracted from feces of 4 dogs with diarrhea from which trichomonads were observed, 81 dogs that had feces submitted to a diagnostic laboratory, and 19 dogs residing in a laboratory animal facility. PROCEDURES: Optimum reaction conditions and absolute and practical detection limits of 2 P hominis 18S species-specific primer pairs were determined by use of an in vitro cultivated canine isolate of P hominis in the presence and absence of canine feces. The optimized PCR assay was applied to amplification of P hominis 18S rRNA genes from DNA extracted from the feces of dogs. RESULTS: Under optimized conditions, a primer pair was identified as able to detect as few as 1 P hominis organism/180-mg fecal sample. The PCR assay identified P hominis in diarrheic feces of 4 dogs in which trichomonads were seen by light microscopy. The P hominis genes were not amplified from other fecal samples examined. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Molecular identification of P hominis in feces of 4 dogs with trichomonosis and diarrhea reported here validates the identity of this species in such infections. Sensitive and specific PCR amplification of P hominis 18S rRNA genes from DNA extracted from feces will directly facilitate studies examining pathogenicity of this trichomonad and enable differentiation of P hominis from other known or novel species of trichomonads that may infect the gastrointestinal tract of dogs.  相似文献   

The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5   总被引：69，自引：0，他引：69  

M Leppert  M Dobbs  P Scambler  P O'Connell  Y Nakamura  D Stauffer  S Woodward  R Burt  J Hughes  E Gardner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4832):1411-1413

The inherited genetic defect in adenomatous polyposis has been localized to a small region on the long arm of chromosome 5. Sixteen DNA marker loci were used to construct a linkage map of the chromosome. When five kindreds segregating a gene for adenomatous polyposis coli were characterized with a number of the markers, significant linkage was found between one marker and the disease gene. Linkage analysis determined the location of the defective gene within a primary genetic map of chromosome 5.  相似文献   

Documentation of In Vivo and In Vitro Aerobic Resistance of Feline Tritrichomonas foetus Isolates to Ronidazole     

J.L. Gookin  S.H. Stauffer  D. Dybas  D.H. Cannon 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(4):1003-1007

Background: The mainstays of treatment for clinically important trichomonad infections are the 5‐nitroimidazoles. Metronidazole resistance of feline Tritrichomonas foetus is presumed because of common treatment failure, and tinidazole does not consistently eradicate infection. To date, ronidazole is the only drug demonstrated as effective for treatment of cats infected with T. foetus. Objective: To document in vivo treatment failure and identify underlying causes and in vitro conditions of resistance of feline T. foetus to ronidazole. Animals: Two intact male Abyssinians failing ≥5 courses of treatment with increasing doses of 5‐nitroimidazole drugs. An intact male Abyssinian documented to clear infection after treatment with a single course of ronidazole. Methods: T. foetus isolates were cultured from feces and tested in vitro for susceptibility to ronidazole under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions. A urogenital nidus of T. foetus infection was investigated by culture, polymerase chain reaction, or immunohistochemical testing of urogenital specimens. Results: Resistance to ronidazole under aerobic conditions was uniquely identified in T. foetus isolated from cats with well‐documented treatment failure. Treatment failure could not be attributed to reinfection, inappropriate treatment protocol, or presence of a urogenital nidus of infection. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Clinical resistance to metronidazole, low efficacy of tinidazole, and present documentation of in vivo and in vitro resistance to ronidazole in some cats are consistent with a high level of cross resistance of feline T. foetus to 5‐nitroimidazole drugs. Current lack of alternative drugs with clinical efficacy against feline T. foetus suggests that active investigation of other treatment approaches is warranted.  相似文献   

Evaluation of four DNA extraction methods for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in feline stool specimens by polymerase chain reaction     

Stephen H Stauffer  Adam J Birkenheuer  Michael G Levy  Henry Marr  Jody L Gookin 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(5):639-641

Feces are increasingly valued as practical samples for molecular diagnosis of infectious disease. However, extraction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quality DNA from fecal samples can be challenging because of coextraction of PCR inhibitors. Because the type and quantity of PCR inhibitors is influenced by diet, endogenous flora, and concurrent disease, it is unlikely that extraction method performance with human feces can be directly extrapolated to that of domestic cats. In the present study, 4 commercially available DNA extraction methods were examined for their influence on the sensitivity of PCR for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in feline stool. DNA was extracted from serially diluted feline-origin T. foetus trophozoites in the absence or presence of feline feces. The ZR Fecal DNA kit was identified as affording the greatest analytical sensitivity and reproducibility and was able to detect >/=10 T. foetus organisms per 100 mg feces in 100% of PCR reactions. Further, the identified extraction method could be completed in the shortest time of all kits tested.  相似文献   

Chemistry of soft-water seepage lakes in the upper midwest: Lacustrine alkalinity production in summer     

Robert E. Stauffer 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,71(1-2):1-12

A total of 26 soft-water, seepage lakes in the Northern Highlands (NH) of Wisconsin (N =16) and the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan (N=10) were sampled four times between early May and mid October 1984 as part of the ‘PIRLA’ Project (Paleolimnological Investigations of Recent Lake Acidification). Because of low antecedent recharge of the local water-table, this ‘summer’ interval likely featured minimal groundwater inputs (<2 cm over lake surface) to most of these seepage lakes. Based on this hydrogeologic relationship, and on regional deposition data, I evaluated short-term net epilimnetic (June–August) and whole-lake (May–October) sediment-water exchange of ANC, base cations, acid oxy-anions, Al, DOC and silicic acid in these lakes using a simplified mass balance algorithm. Silica, nitrate and ammonium were all efficiently retained in these seepage lakes. The assimilation of NO₃ ^? (19±4 meq m^?2) slightly exceeded assimilation of NH₄ ⁺ (16±4), resulting in a net internal ANC production of only +3 meq m^?2 over 161 d between early May and mid October 1984. Over this same interval ANC production resulting from lacustrine S retention averaged +35±8 meq m^?2 in the NH, but was too variable to be statistically significant (+21±21 meq m^?2) in the UP. Epilimnetic S retentions in mid summer were more comparable (21±4 in NH; 14±5 meq m^?2 in UP). McNearney Lake (UP) illustrates how high sulfate, linked to low alkalinity, high Al, low P, and low productivity, can become a negative correlate of lacustrine S retention. Temporal changes in base cations in the 26 lakes were generally small and erratic compared with uncertainties in deposition inputs and analytical errors, rendering estimates of related ANC production inconclusive. Even small analytical biases can be critical when designing and interpreting lake monitoring studies.  相似文献   

Structure of binary solution droplets: Continuum theory and Monte Carlo simulation     

D. Stauffer  K. Binder  V. Wildpaner 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1974,3(4):515-525

To calculate the formation energy of a binary mixture droplet out of the gas phase in classical ‘heteromolecular’ nucleation theory, one has to take into account that the concentration of the solution near the droplet surface can be different from the composition in the droplet interior (‘surface enrichment’, Gibbs adsorption equation). This problem is solved in a simple picture where the composition varies spatially but where one has a sharp liquid-gas surface. In a material independent continuum theory, the variation of the composition is assumed to give a free energy contribution proportional to the square of the concentration gradient. This treatment of the surface enrichment gives a formation energy contribution smaller (for large droplets) by a factor 1 ^?1/√3 than previous theories (Döring and Neumann, 1940; Stauffer and Kiang, 1974), which therefore overestimated the surface enrichment for large droplets. This continuum theory is tested by Monte Carlo methods on a particularly symmetric mixture, the magnetic spin 1/2 Ising model. Here up-spins are identified with one type of molecule and down spins with another type. Reasonable agreement with the continuum theory is found, even for parameter ranges where the assumptions of the continuum theory are no longer valid. The results show clearly a strong but smooth variation of the concentration within the droplet. They constitute to our knowledge the first computer simulations of mixture microclusters.  相似文献   

Electrode pH error,seasonal epilimnetic pCO2, and the recent acidification of the maine lakes     

Robert E. Stauffer 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,50(1-2):123-148

Based on laboratory experiments involving standard pH protocols, on statistical analysis of data from the Eastern Lake survey, and on independent field evidence (1985–86), recent (post 1975) electrometric pH measurements for Maine lakes are reevaluated for accuracy. A standard pH protocol used in Maine up until September 1985 can introduce bias of ca. ?0.3 to ?0.4 pH units for representative epilimnetic samples with low CO₂ concentrations (near atmospheric equilibrium). The bias arises out of the very long electrode equilibration times for such samples. A new protocol using these same Ross combination electrodes provides pH estimates accurate within 0.03 pH units for a wide range of northeastern environmental samples, and independent of sample DOC and conductance. The new pH measurements, when paired with the earliest colorimetric measurements from the same Maine lakes, indicate that epilimnetic pH's may have increased significantly (by 0.1 to 0.2 units) since the pioneering lake surveys of G. P. Cooper (1938–44). Earlier, often-cited, reports documenting historical pH reductions in Maine lakes are apparently vitiated by analytical error in many modern electrode pH measurements. The error also affects the calibration of paleo-ecological models of recent lake acidification in New England.  相似文献