Economic threshold for the management of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plutella xylostella</Emphasis> with granulovirus in cauliflower ecosystem     

S. Subramanian  R. J. Rabindra  N. Sathiah 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(1):5-17

Resistance to chemicals and some biological control agents by Plutella xylostella has resulted in the search for alternatives, such as P. xylostella granulovirus (PlxyGV), for the management of P. xylostella. However, use of PlxyGV would be economical only if it is applied at the right crop stage and at economic threshold levels. Hence, we evaluated the field level economic threshold for application of PlxyGV at the reproductive phase of cauliflower taking into consideration both the economic threshold model and the economic optimization model. PlxyGV was found to be very effective in management of the pest and was comparable to weekly applications of quinalphos 25EC. However, due to the higher cost of PlxyGV application than quinalphos, the cost benefit ratio with quinalphos application was much higher than the virus application. The net income from the virus application decreased both at lower thresholds—due to the higher cost of plant protection, and at higher thresholds—due to the increased damage by the pest. Based on the economic threshold model, the economic threshold for application of PlxyGV was estimated at 9–11 larvae per ten plants. Considering the net income per hectare and the cost of plant protection, it was found that at a threshold of 12–14 larvae per ten plants net income was just equal to the cost of plant protection. Based on the economic optimization model, the optimum threshold for application of PlxyGV was 15 larvae per ten plants when profits are maximum.  相似文献   

Cell-mediated immune responses to sporozoites and macroschizonts of Theileria annulata.     

S S Chaudhri  G Subramanian 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,41(1-2):23-34

The nature of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses was studied in cross-bred bovine calves, immunised by attenuated and allogeneic macroschizonts of Theileria annulata. The CMI responses were also investigated in calves, destined to survive or die of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata) induced by a virulent dose of sporozoites or macroschizont-infected lymphoblasts. Calves suffering fatal theileriosis showed poor CMI response. Microcytotoxicity assay revealed an enhanced population of specific cytotoxic cells amongst the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of calves resolving the infection successfully. The E rosette assay showed proliferation of T cells and the assay for macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) demonstrated antigen sensitised cells in the PBL. Calves, immunised by allogeneic and attenuated macroschizont-infected lymphoblasts or those recovering from virulent macroschizont-induced infection, showed protective CMI responses with patterns similar to those appearing after non-fatal sporozoite infection.  相似文献   

Primary left ventricular hemangiosarcoma diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy in a dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B W Keene  J E Rush  A J Cooley  R Subramanian 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(11):1501-1503

An 8-year-old spayed Golden Retriever was examined because of recent onset of congestive heart failure complicated by ventricular arrhythmias. Echocardiography revealed a thickened, hypokinetic region of the left ventricular free wall. Fluoroscopically guided transarterial endomyocardial biopsy of the hypokinetic region of the left ventricle revealed infiltration of the endocradium by neoplastic cells consistent with hemangiosarcoma. The dog's clinical condition deteriorated 7 weeks later, and necropsy confirmed the diagnosis and primary site of origin of the tumor. This report describes the clinical use of an endomyocardial biopsy technique to diagnose an infiltrating myocardial tumor that was associated with signs mimicking canine dilated cardiomyopathy.  相似文献   

Cross-reaction among four isolates of Theileria annulata from India     

G Subramanian  R C Naithani  D Ray 《Veterinary parasitology》1987,25(1):75-77

A close identity in virulence and cross-protection of four isolates of Theileria annulata was observed when infection was produced in naive, crossbred (Bos taurus male X B. indicus female) male calves. The evidence that strains of T. annulata in India differ in virulence and immunogenicity is equivocal at present.  相似文献   

Irrigation Regimes on Utilization of Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)     

K. S. Subramanian    G. Selvakumari    K. V. Selvaraj  K. N. Chinnaswami 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(3):155-158

With a view to study the influence of irrigation regimes at critical stages of sugarcane an investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, India during Mid-late season (March–April) using Co 6304 as test variety. Treatments consisted of eight irrigation regimes created by imposing two levels of irrigation 0.75 and 0.5 IW/CPE ratio at critical stages (tillering, grand growth and maturity). The results revealed that irrigating sugarcane at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio at tillering and growth and 0.5 IW/CPE at maturity phase recorded highest nutrient uptake, cane yield (139 t/ha) with 10.6 % CCS consuming 1791 mm of water the highest water use efficiency of 77.3 kg/ha mm.  相似文献   

Tolerance of wheat to vegetative stage soil waterlogging is conditioned by both constitutive and adaptive QTL     

Diana C. Ballesteros  R. Esten Mason  Christopher K. Addison  M. Andrea Acuña  M. Nelly Arguello  Nithya Subramanian  Randall Galen Miller  Haley Sater  Edward E. Gbur  David Miller  Carl A. Griffey  Marla D. Barnett  Dominic Tucker 《Euphytica》2015,201(3):329-343

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Salivary luteinizing hormone: An open window to detect oestrous period in buffalo     

Mahalingam Srinivasan  Subramanian Muthukumar  Ganesan Saibaba  Chidambaram Manikkaraja  Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha  Govindaraju Archunan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):647-651

Silent oestrus is an unsurmountable problem in the management of buffalo reproduction. In addressing this issue, we have earlier reported variation in the levels of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) through the different phases of oestrous cycle with an extended window during the mid-oestrous phase. Based on this report, the present study is designed to assess the salivary LH levels in buffalo during the different phases of oestrous cycle. Bovine LH ELISA kit was used to determine the level of salivary LH. We observed a notable variation in salivary LH levels during the different phases of oestrous cycle. The maximum LH level, 39.07 mIU/ml, observed during oestrus, which was significantly (p < .05) higher than other consecutive phases. Altogether, the results showed a significant (p < .05) fold variation during oestrus compared with other phases. Therefore, the study convincingly shows that salivary LH has the potential of application in development of a modality for non-invasive oestrous detection in buffalo.  相似文献   

Difference in the level of interferon gamma mRNA transcripts on stimulation of cattle and buffalo mononuclear cells with foot and mouth disease virus-antigen: A possible role of sequence variation in promoter region     

B. Mohana Subramanian  K.G. Tirumurugaan 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(1):55-58

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In vivo one-dimensional imaging of phosphorus metabolites by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J C Haselgrove  V H Subramanian  J S Leigh  L Gyulai  B Chance 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,220(4602):1170-1173

A phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique has been used to obtain information on phosphorus metabolites from different spatial regions of tissues in vivo. The technique for selection of planes through the tissue is based on phase-encoding of spin echoes and was used to obtain one-dimensional discrimination of phosphorus-31 spectra from different parts of the tissue simultaneously. Specimens were resolved into 16 distinct slices and a signal-to-noise ratio of about 20 to 1 was obtained in 1/2 hour. Results are presented for phantoms, rat legs, and gerbil heads.  相似文献   

A "greener" synthetic route for fluoroaromatics via copper (II) fluoride     

Subramanian MA  Manzer LE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5587):1665

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