Succession and phylogenetic profile of eukaryotic communities in rice straw incorporated into a rice field: Estimation by PCR-DGGE and sequence analyses     

Atsuo SUGANO  Hidetaka TSUCHIMOTO  Cho Cho TUN  Susumu ASAKAWA  Makoto KIMURA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(5):585-594

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Growth performance and energetic metabolism of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887), fed diets supplemented with ammonium metavanadate     

Leonardo Susumu Takahashi  Ana Paula Baldan  & Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(13):1372-1377

Vanadium compounds mimic most of the metabolic effects of insulin, suggesting that it might be useful to improve utilization of dietary carbohydrate. This work evaluated the effect of dietary ammonium metavanadate (H₄NO₃V) on the growth performance and energy metabolism of pacu, an omnivorous South America characin. Two hundred and eighty‐eight fish were distributed into four blocks according to the body weight (21.8±1.7, 28.5±2.0, 28.4±1.9, 35.7±1.9 g), stocked in 24 plastic tanks and fed twice daily with isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing six levels of H₄NO₃V (0, 10, 50, 100, 300 and 1000 mg kg^?1) for 60 days. Increasing levels of dietary ammonium metavanadate did not improve growth (P>0.05), and the highest level of inclusion (1000 mg kg^?1) reduced performance (P<0.05). Blood glucose levels decreased (P<0.05) in fish fed 300 and 1000 mg kg^?1 H₄NO₃V, but no differences were observed in other blood metabolites. A slight increase in muscle lipid content was observed in fish fed a diet containing 300 mg kg^?1 H₄NO₃V. Based on the results of this study, there is no benefit in supplementing pacu diets with metavanadate.  相似文献   

Trawling experiment in a circular water tank to assess the effects of towing speed,light intensity,and mesh shape on active escape of undersized fish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohamed Gabr  Yasuzumi Fujimori  Susumu Shimizu  Teisuke Miura 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):557-564

ABSTRACT:   To assess the effect of towing speed and light intensity on the active escape of undersized fish through diamond and square mesh panels, a trawling experiment was simulated in a circular water tank. Juveniles of Japanese dace Tribolodon hakonensis (13-cm length class) were used as experimental fish. They were forced to swim inside a closed framed net with either diamond or square mesh (65-mm mesh size) that was moved using a speed-controllable motor. A submersible infrared CCD camera was used to observe and record the behavior of fish inside the net when it passed in front of the camera. Results indicated significant effects of towing speeds and light intensities ( P  < 0.05) on the escape of fish through the diamond and square meshes. Increase in light intensity enhanced the ability of fish to escape at lower towing speeds. At higher towing speeds, few fish could escape under light conditions. A strong negative correlation was found between towing speed and the frequency of fish escape (diamond mesh R ² = 0.99, square mesh R ² = 0.96). There was no significant difference between the numbers of fish escaping through the diamond and square meshes. These results suggest that the square-mesh panel may not be effective in the trawl cod end under dark or very low light intensity at high towing speed.  相似文献   

Efficiency of the indirect selection and the evaluation of the genotype by environment interaction using Pilodyn for the genetic improvement of wood density in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>     

Eitaro Fukatsu  Akira Tamura  Makoto Takahashi  Yoko Fukuda  Ryogo Nakada  Masahiro Kubota  Susumu Kurinobu 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(2):128-135

The efficiency of the indirect selection for wood density using the Pilodyn in Cryptomeria japonica was studied by comparing the Pilodyn penetration (PP) depth and the direct measurement of wood density in three test sites. The influence of the genotype by environment (G × E) interaction of wood density was estimated using the Pilodyn with common 12 C. japonica clones in 10 test sites in Kanto breeding region in Japan. The PP depth was highly correlated with wood density, and the genetic correlation between them was −0.88. The indirect selection using the Pilodyn realized 87% of the genetic gain obtained by the direct selection of wood density. The G × E interaction in PP depth was small. The ratio of the variance component of the G × E interaction to that of genotype was only 0.096 in the PP depth, whereas it was 0.700 in tree height and 1.410 in diameter at breast height. These findings indicate that the Pilodyn is useful for the genetic improvement of wood density in Cryptomeria japonica. The small G × E interaction in wood density estimated using the Pilodyn indicates that the relative clonal performance in wood density is stable among diverse environments in Kanto breeding region in Japan.  相似文献   

Proteome analysis of whole and water‐soluble proteins in masseter and semitendinosus muscles of Holstein cows     

Mika OE  Mayumi OHNISHI‐KAMEYAMA  Ikuyo NAKAJIMA  Susumu MUROYA  Masahiro SHIBATA  Koichi OJIMA  Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Koichi CHIKUNI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):181-186

To assess both quantitative and qualitative differences between the slow‐ and fast‐type muscles, masseter (slow) and semitendinosus (fast) from four Holstein cows were analyzed by two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectrometry. The proteome analysis identified 27 spots as 20 proteins in the whole protein fraction extracted with 8 mol/L urea solution, and 16 spots were identified as 11 proteins in the water‐soluble protein fraction. Two slow‐type myofibrillar proteins (myosin light chain‐1 slow‐b and myosin light chain‐2 slow), and aconitase‐2 mitochondria were present at higher levels in the masseter muscle (P < 0.05). Four fast‐type myofibrillar proteins (myosin light chain‐1 fast, myosin light chain‐2 fast, myosin light chain‐3 fast and tropomyosin‐1), and three enzymes of glycolytic pathway (enolase‐3, aldolase‐A and triosephosphate isomerase), were present at higher levels in the semitendinosus muscle (P < 0.05). Our proteome analysis showed that the composition of sarcoplasmic proteins as well as myofibrillar proteins was clearly different between slow‐ and fast‐type muscles.  相似文献   

Expression in Escherichia coli and purification of the functional feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor     

Akira Yamamoto  Akira Iwata  Toshiki Saitoh  Kotaro Tuchiya  Tomoko Kanai  Hajime Tsujimoto  Atsuhiko Hasegawa  Akira Ishihama  Susumu Ueda 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,90(3-4)

Feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with an N-terminal histidine hexamer tag was expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The G-CSF solubilized in 6 M guanidine solution was absorbed onto a Ni-NTA column and, after washing with decreasing concentrations of guanidine, eluted with imidazole in a soluble and apparently pure form. The activity of the recombinant feline G-CSF was 3×10⁶ U/mg protein, as assayed by its stimulatory effect on NFS-60 cell proliferation. When a low level of purified feline G-CSF was administered once a day for two successive days to cats, the number of neutrophil increased 4-fold while the levels of other blood cell types remained virtually unchanged. Daily administration of G-CSF for a total of 11 days led to a more than 10-fold increase in neutrophils, an 8-fold increase in the number of monocytes and 2-fold increase in lymphocytes. No severe side effects or antibody production was observed in cats after administration of G-CSF.  相似文献   

Response of the pandalid shrimp Pandalus latirostris to dissolved oxygen, salinity and turbidity     

Susumu  CHIBA  Lisa  AOKI  Takashi  OGATA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(6):1174-1176

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The fate and tissue disposition of deoxynivalenol in broiler chickens     

Sasithorn PRALATNET  Saranya POAPOLATHEP  Kanjana IMSILP  Phanwimol TANHAN  Supaporn ISARIYODOM  Susumu KUMAGAI  Amnart POAPOLATHEP 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1151-1155

To evaluate the fate of deoxynivalenol (DON) in broilers, DON was administered either intravenously or orally to broilers at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW. Concentrations of DON in plasma were measurable up to 4 hr and 2 hr after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the values for the elimination half-life, the volume of distribution and the clearance were 1.25 ± 0.25 hr, 7.55 ± 2.03 l/kg and 4.16 ± 0.42 l/hr/kg, respectively. The oral bioavailability was 15.46 ± 4.02%. DON was detectable in all tissues examined after oral administration. These results suggest that DON is able to penetrate into the various tissues in broilers, though poorly absorbed from their gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

Methane production potential and methanogenic archaeal community structure in tropical irrigated Indian paddy soils     

Suresh Kumar Dubey  Alpana Singh  Takeshi Watanabe  Susumu Asakawa  Ankit Singla  Hironori Arai  Kazuyuki Inubushi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(2):369-379

Soil characteristics regulate various belowground microbial processes including methanogenesis and, consequently, affect the structure and function of methanogenic archaeal communities due to change in soil type which in turn influences the CH₄ production potential of soils. Thus, five different soil orders (Alfisol, Entisol, Inceptisol, Podzol and Vertisol) were studied to assess their CH₄ production potential and also the methanogenic archaeal community structure in dryland irrigated Indian paddy soils. Soil incubation experiments revealed CH₄ production to range from 178.4 to 431.2 μg CH₄ g^-1 dws in all soil orders as: Vertisol<Inceptisol<Entisol<Podzol<Alfisol. The numbers of methanogens as quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting mcrA genes varied between 0.06 and 72.97 (×10⁶ copies g^-1 dws) and were the highest in Vertisol soil and the least in Alfisol soil. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based approach targeting 16S rRNA genes revealed diverse methanogenic archaeal communities across all soils. A total of 43 DGGE bands sequenced showed the closely related groups to Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Methanocellales, Methanosarcinaceae, Methanosaetaceae and Crenarchaeota. The composition of methanogenic groups differed among all soils and only the Methanocellales group was common and dominant in all types of soils. The highest diversity of methanogens was found in Inceptisol and Vertisol soils. Methane production potential varied significantly in different soil orders with a positive relationship (p?<?0.05) with methanogens population size, permanganate oxidizable C (POXC) and CO₂ production. The present study suggested that CH₄ production potential of different soils depends on physicochemical properties, methanogenic archaeal community composition and the population size.  相似文献   

Bacterial community in plant residues in a Japanese paddy field estimated by RFLP and DGGE analyses     

Tomoya Matsuyama  Yasunori Nakajima  Kazuo Matsuya  Makoto Ikenaga  Susumu Asakawa  Makoto Kimura 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(2):463-472

Plant residues (PRs) are “hot spots” of microbial activities in soil. PRs with the size more than 0.5 mm were collected from a Japanese paddy field during rice cultivation period (from May to September) and fractionated into four categories by size (>4, 2-4, 1-2, and 0.5-1 mm) using sieves. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns were compared among the fractions after DNA extraction from the PRs and PCR amplification. The total amount of PRs with the size over 0.5 mm decreased in the field with the first-order kinetics (r²=0.810, p<0.01) with time from rice transplanting to harvest. RFLP analysis showed that the bacterial community structure in PRs with the 0.5-2 mm fraction was different from that in PRs with the >2 mm fraction and the latter community structure changed after the midseason drainage. In contrast, the DGGE patterns of the bacterial community in the PRs indicated the succession from June to September during rice cultivation forming three major groups irrespective of the fraction size. Sequence analysis of DGGE bands showed that Firmicutes (clostridia), α-, γ-, δ-Proteobacteria (myxobacteria), Nitrospira, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Spirochaetes were predominant members in the PRs irrespective of fraction size.  相似文献