Piezoelectric behavior of wood under combined compression and vibration stresses I: Relation between piezoelectric voltage and microscopic deformation of a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.)     

Takahisa Nakai  Naoyasu Igushi  Kose Ando 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(1):28-34

This study investigated the relation between piezoelectric behavior and the deformation of trachieds in real time under combined compression and vibration stresses. Scanning electron microscope images were recorded directly into a video recorder. Two types of microscopic destruction were observed in the specimens. With the first type, although a small uprush around the boundary of the annual ring was observed, the specimens were broken only by shearing fracture in the 45° direction. With the second type, the specimens were finally broken by shearing fracture after repeated buckling. In these cases the piezoelectric voltage increased almost linearly in the elastic region, proceeded to the maximal point, and then decreased gradually. Finally a clear peak appeared in the buckling and shearing fracture. There is a curved relation between the specific gravity and the piezoelectric parameter when the influence of voids is considered, and there is a linear relation between the dynamic Young's modulus and the piezoelectric parameter when the stress is considered.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Kumamoto, April 1996  相似文献   

Physicochemical Properties and Molecular Structures of Starches from Millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Cultivars in Nigeria     

Terna Gaffa  Yasushi Yoshimoto  Isao Hanashiro  Osamu Honda  Sadamichi Kawasaki  Yasuhito Takeda 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(2):255-260

Some physicochemical properties and molecular structures of starches from millet (Pennisetum typhoides, Doro and Gero) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, red and white) in Nigeria were examined. Starch granules of millet and sorghum were 3–14 μm and 4–26 μm in diameter, respectively. Millet cultivars had similar peak viscosities (204–205 RVU) on pasting, while sorghum showed similar minimum viscosities (155–156 RVU). The actual amylose content (%) calculated from iodine affinity (IA, g/100 g) was 20.1 and 21.4 for sorghum and 21.3 for millet. The IA of amylopectin was high (1.27–1.42) and its average chain lengths were 20–21 with β‐amylolysis limit of 56%. Amylopectins showed a polymodal molecular weight distribution on a molar basis. The distributions differed among the samples with a higher amount of larger molecules in Doro and red sorghum. Weight‐ and molar‐based distributions of debranched amylopectins on HPSEC were polymodal with weight‐based distribution showing presence of long chains. Peak DP values for A+B₁ and B₂+B₃ chain fractions were 13–16 and 42–43, respectively. The (A+B₁)/(B₂+B₃) ratio on molar basis (9.0–11.5) was similar to maize and rice amylopectins. Peak DP on molar‐based distribution for white sorghum and millet amyloses were similar (490–540) and the DP_n range was narrow (1,060–1,300), but weight‐based distribution profiles differed. The average chain lengths were 260–270 with 3.9–4.8 chains per molecule.  相似文献   

Identification of enzyme genes in the liver of the Bleeker’s squid Loligo bleekeri by expressed sequence tag analysis     

Hidehiro Kondo  Takami Morita  Maki Ikeda  Chihiro Kurosaka  Aiko Shitara  Yuka Honda  Reiko Nozaki  Takashi Aoki  Ikuo Hirono 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):161-165

Expressed sequence tag (EST) analyses were performed with the aim of identifying enzyme genes in the liver of the Bleeker’s squid Loligo bleekeri. Of the 768 ESTs identified and sequenced, 669 were grouped into 324 clusters. Of these clusters, 123 comprising 245 ESTs were found to be homologous to genes reported to date. Among these, 43 clusters were annotated as enzymes according to the Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system. Two EC groups, oxidoreductases and hydrolases, possessed a large number of ESTs. A cluster homologous to the glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme in the oxidoreductase group, contained 16 ESTs, which accounted for 2.4% of the total ESTs sequenced. There are three serine proteases, three cathepsins, two triacylgricerol lipases, and two chitinases among the clusters homologous to the enzymes in the hydrolase group. Since the squid liver functions in the digestive process, these enzymes would be involved in food digestion. Our data provide information on the various types of enzymes expressed in the squid liver and may provide a useful basis for further characterization of these enzymes.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic and diel variation in the vertical distribution of larvae of jack mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachurus japonicus</Emphasis> in the East China sea     

Yuuichi Hirota  Hitoshi Honda  Hideo Sakaji  Shinji Uehara 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):577-584

Larvae of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus were sampled in seven depth layers (0–10 m, 10–20 m, 20–30 m, 30–40 m, 40–50 m, 50–70 m, and 70–100 m), with a closing-type frame net, on 26th–27th February, 2003, at Sta. V (27°50′N, 126°00′E) continental shelf edge in the southern part of East China Sea, to examine their vertical distribution. Most of the larvae (>90%) occurred in the upper 50 m layer during both day and night. In the daytime, larvae of length from 3.0 mm to 4.5 mm were most abundant in the 10–20 m layer, those from 5.0 to 6.0 mm were most abundant in the 20–30 m layer, those from 6.0 to 8.0 mm occurred at greater depth, in the 30–40 m layer, and those more than 9.0 mm were found in the 0–10 m layer and performed ontogenetic vertical migrations. Larvae from 6 mm to 8 mm length performed diurnal vertical migration, for the percentage (16.7%) of larval number in the 0–20 m layer in the daytime increased to 42.1% at night and the percentage (78.1%) in the 20–50 m layer in the daytime decreased to 49.0% at night.  相似文献   

Breeding and characterization of the world’s first practical rice variety with resistance to brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) bred using marker-assisted selection     

Kengo Matsumoto  Yuya Ota  Tomohiro Yamakawa  Teppei Ohno  Satomi Seta  Yuto Honda  Ritsuko Mizobuchi  Hiroyuki Sato 《Breeding Science》2021,71(4):474

Brown spot (BS) caused by Bipolaris oryzae is a serious disease of rice and decreases grain yield. Breeding for BS resistance is an economical solution but has not hitherto been achieved. To develop a practical BS-resistant variety, we introduced a chromosomal segment including a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for BS resistance, qBSfR11, derived from the BS-resistant local resource ‘Tadukan’, into the genetic background of the high-yielding but susceptible ‘Mienoyume’. Resistance is controlled by a single recessive gene in a 1.3-Mbp region. We named this gene bsr1 (brown spot resistance 1). The near-isogenic line bsr1-NIL had a greater yield with larger grain width than Mienoyume but similar other agronomic traits in fields where BS was mild; it had a significantly lower BS disease score and a 28.8% higher yield in fields where BS was more severe, and it showed resistance to multiple isolates of BS fungus. It showed stable resistance to BS and had excellent agricultural traits in the presence of BS. We developed the bsr1-NIL with resistance to BS and applied it for variety registration to Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan as ‘Mienoyume BSL’. This is the first report for the BS resistant rice variety bred using marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of Sikimi extract and its modulation of the GABAA receptor channel     

Tomoko Ikeda  Keiichi Nagata  Hiroshi Honda  Toshio Shono  Toshio Narahashi 《Pest management science》1998,52(4):337-342

Sikimi plant (also known as Japanese star anise), Illicium anisatium, is toxic to mammals. Extracts of Sikimi were studied for their insecticidal activity against the larvae of mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and for their mechanism of action on ion channels. Crude methanol extract and its ethyl acetate-soluble fractions were insecticidally active, with EC₅₀ values of 63·0 μg ml^-1 and 43·7 μg ml^-1, respectively. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction was perfused through the bathing solution and the current induced by a brief (10 ms) application of GABA by pressure ejection through pipette electrode was recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The extract suppressed GABA-induced currents irreversibly with an EC₅₀ value of 0·42 μg ml^-1. The time constant of current fitted to the single exponential function was shortened by the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction at concentrations ranging from 0·1 μg ml^-1 to 10 μg ml^-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. It was concluded that Sikimi extracts decreased the affinity of GABA for its binding site on the GABA receptor, thereby suppressing GABA-induced currents. © 1998 SCI  相似文献   

Effects of the lateral growth rate on wood quality parameters of Eucalyptus grandis from different latitudes in Brazil and Argentina     

Miho Kojima  Fabio Minoru Yamaji  Hiroyuki Yamamoto  Masato Yoshida  Takahisa Nakai 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Climate change resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and shortages of fossil fuels such as petroleum are major problems worldwide. Under these conditions, demand for woody biomass resources is increasing. We investigated the feasibility of using fast-growing Eucalyptus grandis for material production. Samples of E. grandis were collected from four plantations in different latitude divisions, including tropical and subtropical Brazil and subtropical Argentina. Various xylem qualities were measured and related to the lateral growth rate. Lateral growth rate did not significantly affect the longitudinal released strain of the surface growth stresses or the xylem density at any of the sampling sites. Higher lateral growth rate, higher values of xylem density, and lower absolute values of the released strain were observed in plantations closer to the equator. Higher growth rates in tropical climate promote longer fiber length. In subtropical plantations, smaller diameter trees will produce tension wood with smaller microfibril angles. Planting E. grandis closer to the equator thus produces higher quality wood than in plantations at lower latitudes.  相似文献   

Inhibition of virus attachment to CPK cells by monoclonal antibody to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.     

E Honda  M Mase  K Okazaki  T Kumagai 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1991,38(2):106-110

Five MAbs, which recognized E2 glycoprotein of TGE virus TO-163 and showed neutralizing activity, were examined to see if they inhibit virus attachment to the susceptible cells (CPK cells). Only one (160/4) MAb blocked the virus attachment to the cells, indicating that the inhibition of virus attachment is one of important mechanisms of neutralizing by antibody.  相似文献   

Gentian mosaic virus: A New Species in the Genus Fabavirus     

Kobayashi YO  Kobayashi A  Hagiwara K  Uga H  Mikoshiba Y  Naito T  Honda Y  Omura T 《Phytopathology》2005,95(2):192-197

ABSTRACT A viral isolate, designated N-1 and obtained from a gentian (Gentiana scabra) plant that exhibited mosaic symptoms, was transmitted mechanically to nine plant species in six families. These plants are known as hosts of fabaviruses. The N-1 isolate was composed of isometric particles 30 nm in diameter and included two RNA molecules of approximately 6.0 and 3.6 kb in length, as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The RNAs were encapsidated separately in two of the three types of particle. Each particle contained two distinct proteins with Mr values of 39.3 x 10(3) and 26.6 x 10(3), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of complete nucleotide sequences of the RNAs suggested that each encoded a single large polyprotein, in which putative functional proteins were arranged in a manner similar to those in Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1) and Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), which are members of the genus Fabavirus (family Comoviridae). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins indicated that those of isolate N-1 shared 38 to 66% identity with those of BBWV-1 and BBWV-2 but only 16 to 42% identity with those of a comovirus, Cowpea mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the amino acid sequences of RNA polymerase, placed isolate N-1 in a separate lineage from BBWV-1 and BBWV-2. In indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, isolate N-1 exhibited distant serological relationship to BBWV-1, BBWV-2, and Lamium mild mosaic virus, another fabavirus. Our results suggest that N-1 represents a new species of Fabavirus. We propose the name Gentian mosaic virus for this new species.  相似文献   

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)     

Takahisa HAMANO  Fumio TERASAWA  Yoshiharu TACHIKAWA  Atsuko MURAI  Takashi MORI  Khaled EL-DAKHLY  Hiroki SAKAI  Tokuma YANAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(9):1301-1304

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