Modelling the contact probability and size-selectivity of toothed dredges     

Takahisa?Mituhasi  Toshihide?Kitakado  Fuxiang?Hu  Tadashi?TokaiEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(4):703-712

ABSTRACT:   To estimate fishing gear selectivity of clam dredges from data of paired-gear tests in the SELECT analysis process, this paper presents a statistical model of the probability of a clam coming into contact with the dredge teeth and size-selectivity of the control gear. The net-mouth available selectivity is defined as the product of the probability of a clam contacting the dredge teeth and size-selectivity induced by tooth spacing. The model based on the SELECT analysis was tested by using data generated by virtual paired-gear test in which the control dredge of the smallest tooth spacing is assumed to be size-selective. No clear difference in shell length distribution between dredges of different tooth spacings was found in the simulation when the contact probability was small. The plots of proportion of clams caught in the test dredge to the total catch number of clams were U-shaped, and the model fitted the data well. For each simulation consisting of 500 replications, the sample mean and mean square error of each parameter were obtained to evaluate the performance of estimation by comparing with the true value. Parameters were properly estimated with the model.  相似文献   

Dataset of CarboEastAsia and uncertainties in the CO2 budget evaluation caused by different data processing     

Nobuko Saigusa  Sheng-Gong Li  Hyojung Kwon  Kentaro Takagi  Lei-Ming Zhang  Reiko Ide  Masahito Ueyama  Jun Asanuma  Young-Jean Choi  Jung Hwa Chun  Shi-Jie Han  Takashi Hirano  Ryuichi Hirata  Minseok Kang  Tomomichi Kato  Joon Kim  Ying-Nian Li  Takahisa Maeda  Akira Miyata  Yasuko Mizoguchi  Shohei Murayama  Yuichiro Nakai  Takeshi Ohta  Taku M. Saitoh  Hui-Ming Wang  Gui-Rui Yu  Yi-Ping Zhang  Feng-Hua Zhao 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):41-48

The datasets of net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) were acquired from 21 forests, 3 grasslands, and 3 croplands in the eastern part of Asia based on the eddy covariance measurements of the international joint program, CarboEastAsia. The program was conducted by three networks in Asia, ChinaFLUX, JapanFlux, and KoFlux, to quantify, synthesize, and understand the carbon budget of the eastern part of Asia. An intercomparison was conducted for NEE estimated by three gap-filling procedures adopted by ChinaFLUX, JapanFlux, and KoFlux to test the range of uncertainty in the estimation of NEE. The overall comparison indicated good agreement among the procedures in the seasonal patterns of NEE, although a bias was observed in dormant seasons depending on the different criteria of data screening. Based on the gap-filled datasets, the magnitude and seasonality of the carbon budget were compared among various biome types, phenology, and stress conditions throughout Asia. The annual values of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration were almost proportional to the annual air temperature. Forest management, including clear-cutting, plantation, and artificial drainage, was significant and obviously affected the annual carbon uptake within the forests. Agricultural management resulted in notable seasonal patterns in the crop sites. The dataset obtained from a variety of biome types would be an essential source of knowledge for ecosystem science as well as a valuable validation dataset for modeling and remote sensing to upscale the carbon budget estimations in Asia.  相似文献   

Non‐invasive sampling technique for DNA extraction from captive Japanese Crested Ibis on Sado Island     

Kensuke URANO  Takahisa YAMADA  Yukio TANIGUCHI  Hiroaki IWAISAKI  Toshie SUGIYAMA  Kosuke HOMMA  Yoshinori KANEKO  Satoshi YAMAGISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):616-619

The Japanese Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon is a critically threatened bird. The post‐hatch eggs of the current captive population of this species on Sado Island have been stored at room temperature for the long‐term. In this study, we investigated the suitability of the vascularized chorioallantois membrane from the eggs as a non‐invasive DNA source. Using microsatellite loci developed for the Japanese Crested Ibis, we performed three experiments for comparison of genotypes obtained among DNA. First, DNA from five different sites of the identical membrane showed the same genotypes at either of two loci examined. Second, DNA from the membrane of each full‐sibling birds and blood of their parents showed the genotypes that were consistent with Mendelian parent–offspring relationships at any of eight loci examined. Third, DNA from the membrane and blood of the same bird showed the matched genotypes at any of eight loci examined. These results indicate that the vascularized chorioallantois membrane from post‐hatch eggs stored at room temperature for the long‐ term can be used as a reliable DNA source of offspring that had hatched from the egg. This study will promote a molecular genetics study on genetic diversity of the current captive Japanese Crested Ibis population on Sado Island.  相似文献   

Production of a fully waxy line and analysis of waxy genes in the allohexaploid crop,Japanese barnyard millet     

T. Hoshino  T. Nakamura  Y. Seimiya  T. Kamada  G. Ishikawa  A. Ogasawara  S. Sagawa  M. Saito  H. Shimizu  M. Nishi  M. Watanabe  J. Takeda  Y. Takahata 《Plant Breeding》2010,129(4):349-355

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Smoothness of a spruce surface rubbed with a metal tool under high-speed friction     

Tadashi Ohtani  Ryuichi Iida  Takahisa Nakai  Koji Adachi  Kentaro Abe  Keisuke Toba 《Journal of Wood Science》2016,62(4):377-380

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Radioactive cesium and potassium in cattle living in the ‘zone in preparation for the lifting of the evacuation order’ of the Fukushima nuclear accident          下载免费PDF全文

Itaru Sato  Jun Sasaki  Hiroshi Satoh  Takahisa Murata  Kumiko Otani  Keiji Okada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):1021-1026

To contribute to the reconstruction of livestock industry in Fukushima, radioactive cesium (¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs) and potassium (⁴°K) were measured in various tissues of beef cattle living in an area where the evacuation order will be lifted in the near future. Radioactive cesium concentration was less than 100 Bq/kg in most of the samples. Skeletal muscles and kidney had the highest concentrations of radioactive cesium, whereas the liver was lowest among samples, excepting blood. Radioactive cesium concentration in the sirloin, tenderloin and top round was significantly higher than that in the neck muscle. Radioactive cesium concentration in the urine was not correlated with that in the blood, but the relationship became proportional when corrected with urinary ⁴°K. Distribution of ⁴°K was similar but not identical to that of radioactive cesium. These results suggest that it will be possible to resume livestock production in this area after the decontamination measures are completed and the evacuation order is lifted. Contamination level of living cattle can be estimated not only by blood samples but also by urine samples. If 50–100 Bq/kg of cesium is detected in the neck muscle at a slaughterhouse, the cattle should be reinspected using a sample from different muscles.  相似文献   

Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in environmental water in Hokkaido, Japan     

Tsushima Y  Karanis P  Kamada T  Nagasawa H  Xuan X  Igarashi I  Fujisaki K  Takahashi E  Mikami T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(3):233-236

Control of cryptosporidiosis is important in public health. Rivers that are polluted with Cryptosporidium and drinking water that is treated for drinking water production from polluted rivers could result in the waterborne disease of cryptosporidiosis. We carried out an epidemiological study of natural water supplies in Hokkaido, one of the largest dairy prefectures in Japan. To detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental water, the filtration method was used for 28 samples, which were collected from 10 rivers. A method adapted from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) filtration method using a cartridge filter has been used for the collection of samples. Oocysts were separated from a pellet by discontinuous sucrose gradient method. Twelve samples were collected from 10 rivers and parasites were purified by iron (III) flocculation method. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were identified with the immunofluorescence antibody technique using DIF kit (Cellabs Pty. Ltd., Sydney/Australia). We detected Cryptosporidium oocysts in 6 out of 10 rivers sampled. Fifty percentage (14/28) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive. The average number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 16.73/100 L (max. 80/100 L).  相似文献   

Sero-epizootiological survey on Getah virus infection in light horses in Japan     

H Imagawa  Y Ando  M Kamada  T Sugiura  T Kumanomido  Y Fukunaga  R Wada  K Hirasawa  Y Akiyama 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1981,43(6):797-802

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Transferase activity of GhCesA2 (putative cotton cellulose 4- β -glucosyltransferase) expressed in Pichia pastoris     

Yuri Ihara  Takumi Takeda  Fukumi Sakai  Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(5):425-428

GhCesA2 is a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) homologue of the bacterial cellulose synthase gene that encodes cellulose 4--glucosyltransferase. The central catalytic region of GhCesA2 was expressed as a soluble protein in the methylotrophic yeastPichia pastoris. The molecular size of the recombinant protein was 100kDa, which decreased to 85 kDa after treatment with endoglycosidase H. The recombinant GhCesA2 catalyzed transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose into unknown products in the presence of an extract of cotton hypocotyls, but the products were not-1,4-glucan.  相似文献   

Time-dependent changes in inhibitory action of lipopolysaccharide on intestinal motility in rat     

Shoma MIKAWA  Yasuhiro OHTA  Noriyuki KAJI  Md Shafiqul ISLAM  Takahisa MURATA  Hiroshi OZAKI  Masatoshi HORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1443-1449

Endotoxin causes gastrointestinal motility disorder. Aim of this study is to clarify inhibitory mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on smooth muscle contraction in rat ileum. Ileal tissues were isolated from control rat or from LPS-induced peritonitis model rat. Treatment with LPS inhibited carbachol (CCh)-mediated contraction in a time-dependent manner. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were also upregulated, but iNOS expression was preceded by a rising of COX-2. All subtypes of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) receptors (EP1-EP4) were expressed in ileum, and PGE₂ and selective EP2 or EP4 agonist inhibited CCh-mediated contraction. Selective iNOS inhibitor did not reverse LPS-induced inhibition of contraction by CCh at 1 and 2 hr, but reduced the inhibitory action at 4 hr after the LPS treatment. COX-2 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory action by LPS in all exposure time. Finally, in ileal tissues isolated from peritonitis model rat, iNOS expression was upregulated only at 4 hr after LPS administration, resulting in enhanced inhibitory action of LPS against CCh-induced contraction. In conclusion, LPS induces COX-2 to produce PGE₂, which initially activates EP2 and/or EP4 on smooth muscle cells to inhibit the contractility in early phase of LPS exposure. Moreover, in late phase of LPS treatment, iNOS is expressed to produce NO, which in turn inhibited the contraction by CCh. The inhibitory cascade is similar in the ileum isolated from peritonitis model rat, indicating time-dependent changes of inhibitory action by LPS on intestinal motility in peritonitis.  相似文献