Reconstitution of circadian oscillation of cyanobacterial KaiC phosphorylation in vitro     

Nakajima M  Imai K  Ito H  Nishiwaki T  Murayama Y  Iwasaki H  Oyama T  Kondo T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5720):414-415

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Diminished pupillary light reflex at high irradiances in melanopsin-knockout mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lucas RJ  Hattar S  Takao M  Berson DM  Foster RG  Yau KW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5604):245-247

In the mammalian retina, a small subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are intrinsically photosensitive, express the opsin-like protein melanopsin, and project to brain nuclei involved in non-image-forming visual functions such as pupillary light reflex and circadian photoentrainment. We report that in mice with the melanopsin gene ablated, RGCs retrograde-labeled from the suprachiasmatic nuclei were no longer intrinsically photosensitive, although their number, morphology, and projections were unchanged. These animals showed a pupillary light reflex indistinguishable from that of the wild type at low irradiances, but at high irradiances the reflex was incomplete, a pattern that suggests that the melanopsin-associated system and the classical rod/cone system are complementary in function.  相似文献   

Insect sex-pheromone signals mediated by specific combinations of olfactory receptors   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Nakagawa T  Sakurai T  Nishioka T  Touhara K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5715):1638-1642

We describe two male-specific olfactory receptors (ORs) in the silk moth, Bombyx mori, that are mutually exclusively expressed in a pair of adjacent pheromone-sensitive neurons of male antennae: One is specifically tuned to bombykol, the sex pheromone, and the other to bombykal, its oxidized form. Both pheromone ORs are coexpressed with an OR from the highly conserved insect OR subfamily. This coexpression promotes the functional expression of pheromone receptors and confers ligand-stimulated nonselective cation channel activity. The same effects were also observed for general ORs. Both odorant and pheromone signaling pathways are mediated by means of a common mechanism in insects.  相似文献   

通辽地区水资源系统输入、输出信息的确定     

刘廷玺  天谷孝夫  贾德彬  史小红  杨·呼和巴拉 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,23(2):86-91

本文基于动态发展的观点，确立了通辽地区水资源系统有限元模拟模型中各单元逐时段系统输入输出信息的计算模型，诸如降雨入汉补给量，潜水蒸发量，河渠和水库引放水渠渗漏量，地下水净开采量及灌溉回归水量等信息都综合考虑了降雨量大小，潜水蒸发强度，河渠流量大小，开采量（或灌溉量）大小和地下水埋深的关系。还考虑了其随时间，空间位置的变化关系。  相似文献   

Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity     

Hattar S  Liao HW  Takao M  Berson DM  Yau KW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5557):1065-1070

The primary circadian pacemaker, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian brain, is photoentrained by light signals from the eyes through the retinohypothalamic tract. Retinal rod and cone cells are not required for photoentrainment. Recent evidence suggests that the entraining photoreceptors are retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that project to the SCN. The visual pigment for this photoreceptor may be melanopsin, an opsin-like protein whose coding messenger RNA is found in a subset of mammalian RGCs. By cloning rat melanopsin and generating specific antibodies, we show that melanopsin is present in cell bodies, dendrites, and proximal axonal segments of a subset of rat RGCs. In mice heterozygous for tau-lacZ targeted to the melanopsin gene locus, beta-galactosidase-positive RGC axons projected to the SCN and other brain nuclei involved in circadian photoentrainment or the pupillary light reflex. Rat RGCs that exhibited intrinsic photosensitivity invariably expressed melanopsin. Hence, melanopsin is most likely the visual pigment of phototransducing RGCs that set the circadian clock and initiate other non-image-forming visual functions.  相似文献   

Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ichiyanagi T  Kashiwada Y  Shida Y  Ikeshiro Y  Kaneyuki T  Konishi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9472-9477

Two major anthocyanins were isolated from the acidified methanolic extract of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. These anthocyanins were interconvertible under room light illumination condition. By means of tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, their structures were identified and elucidated as delphinidin 3-[4-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-l-rhamnosyl(1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside (compound 1) and delphinidin 3-[4-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-l-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside (compound 2), respectively. The results indicated that nasunin comprised cis and trans isomers of the p-coumaric acid moiety in its structure.  相似文献   

Effects of cooking on concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds in fish and meat     

Hori T  Nakagawa R  Tobiishi K  Iida T  Tsutsumi T  Sasaki K  Toyoda M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(22):8820-8828

We investigated the cooking-induced changes in concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (dioxins) using mackerel and beef. The concentrations of dioxins (29 congeners) were determined by isomer specific analyses and were compared between uncooked and cooked samples. The cooking procedures examined in this study included grilling as a fillet, boiling as a fillet, and boiling as tsumire (small, hand-rolled balls) for mackerel and boiling as a slice, broiling as a slice, and broiling as a hamburger for beef. Three trials were carried out for each cooking method. Generally, concentrations of dioxins were reduced in every cooking trial. When nondetected congener concentrations were assumed to be half the limit of detection for mackerel, the maximum percentage reductions of total concentrations given as 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD equivalents (TEQ) were 31% in grilling as a slice, 14% in boiling as a slice, and 21% in boiling as tsumire under the conditions of this study. In contrast, for beef, the reductions were 42% in boiling as a slice, 42% in broiling as a slice, and 44% in broiling as a hamburger. These results suggest that ordinary cooking processes with heating undoubtedly reduce the dioxin content in animal products, and the reductions estimated should be considered when dioxin intake is evaluated using contamination data for individual food items.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybrids betweenAllium fistulosumandAllium schoenoprasumreveal carotene-rich phenotype     

Mikihisa Umehara  Takayuki Sueyoshi  Katsumi Shimomura  Masatoshi Iwai  Masayoshi Shigyo  Keita Hirashima  Takao Nakahara 《Euphytica》2006,148(3):295-301

Interspecific hybridization is an effective method to generate a new crop that gains available functions in a short time. Interspecific hybrids (2n= 16) betweenAllium fistulosumL. (2n= 16) andAllium schoenoprasumL. (2n= 16) were produced by reciprocal crossings through ovary culture, but the hybrids were much fewer in the combination usingA. schoenoprasumas a seed plant. All the hybrids have eight long chromosomes originated fromA.fistulosumand eight short chromosomes originated fromA. schoenoprasum. In addition, the hybridity was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The interspecific hybrids showed a vigorous growth habit; their foliage was slightly bloomy and deep green. The hybrids did not form bulbs, but rather propagated vegetatively by tillering. Carotene contents of the hybrids and both parents were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of all edible parts of the hybrids were approximately seven times higher than those of either parent. These results indicate that the hybrid is a new and carotene-rich vegetable ofAlliumspecies.  相似文献   

Aquatic animal carotenoids   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Takao Matsuno 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(5):771-783

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Effects of daily ration and feeding frequency of Artemia on the growth of mullet larvae     

Takao Yoshimatsu  Chikara Kitajima 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(1):85-88

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