Reproductive biology of the female Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda) in relation to changes in the seasonal pattern of larval occurrence in Tokyo Bay, Japan     

Keita  KODAMA  Takamichi  SHIMIZU  Takashi  YAMAKAWA  Ichiro  AOKI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):734-745

ABSTRACT:   The reproductive traits and the monthly larval abundance of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in 2002. The goal of the study was to elucidate the cause of changes in the monthly pattern of larval abundance from the 1980s to the 1990s as these changes relate to variation in the stock size of the adult shrimp. Oogenesis was divided into 10 stages by histological observation. The developmental stage of oocytes in an individual's ovary was synchronous, suggesting that almost all the oocytes in an ovary are spawned at the same time. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 7 ≤ body length ( BL ) < 8 cm. Fecundity was expressed as a function of BL , ranging from 19 300 eggs for 8 cm BL to 92 100 eggs for 14 cm BL . Small female shrimps (<10 cm BL ) spawned around August. Most large female shrimps (≥10 cm BL ) spawned around May, and some large female shrimps also spawned until September. Although most large female shrimps spawned in spring, the larval abundance was low before July and high from August onwards. The results suggest that a substantial decrease in the stock size of large individuals causes the low larval abundance before July.  相似文献   

Variation in the level of grain defect light flecks and spots on cattle hides.     

O Nafstad  H Gr?nst?l 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):91-98

The occurrence of hide damage light flecks and spots was determined on tanned hides from 28 herds during a period of 8 to 12 months. Light flecks and spots are described as small areas of grain loss up to 3 mm in diameter that are seen on dyed crust cattle leather. Damage was found on 75.8% of all hides. The neck and shoulders were the anatomical region with the highest prevalence of damage. Sixty-eight per cent of all hides had light flecks and spots in this region. The forelimbs and dewlap were the anatomical region with the second highest occurrence with a prevalence of 39.1%. This distribution corresponded to the known distribution of lice in cattle. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, prevalence of lice in the herd assessed in March or infestations with different lice species. The frequency of light flecks and spots varied significantly during the year. The frequency was highest in the late winter and early spring, decreased significantly during the summer and was lowest in the autumn. This variation supported the importance of lice in the development of light flecks and spots and suggested a relatively long healing period for the damages induced by lice.  相似文献   

Acanthochondria priacanthi (Copepoda: Chondracanthidae) as a biological indicator for stock identification of sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner)     

Takashi  YANAGIMOTO  Kenji  KONISHI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(2):336-338

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Light and electron microscopic studies of calf kidneys after exposure to subtoxic lead levels]     

J Schraishuhn  I K?ufer-Weiss  E Weiss 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,105(9):290-293

Eight calves were fed from the fourth to the twentieth week of age a milk powder diet containing 40 mg lead acetate per kg dry substance. This is twice the lead concentration legally permitted. In average, each animal has daily taken up 0.834 mg lead per kg body weight. Eight calves were used as controls. The animals gained the usual fattening weights and did not show clinical symptoms. Beginning with week 14, increased levels of blood urea were encountered in the animals which received lead in their diet. Morphologically, severe renal lesions were found in these calves. The kidneys were increased in weight, pale and of firm consistency. Histologically, fibrosis and periglomerular interstitial non-purulent nephritis were found. Light- and electronmicroscopically, numerous intranuclear inclusion-bodies typical for lead poisoning were demonstrated in epithelial cells of proximal tubules. The results show, that daily uptake of less than 1 mg lead per kg body weight must be considered as a toxic dose for calves, and not 5-7 mg as stated in literature.  相似文献   

Enzootic abortion in a goat herd, caused by mixed infection with Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia psittaci. Case report]     

K Sch?pf  D Khaschabi  T Dackau 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1991,19(6):630-634

We report on an outbreak of enzootic abortion in a herd of goats with high losses caused by mixed infection with Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia psittaci. Both agents could be detected by microscopic investigation of smears from afterbirths by Giménez staining and by a capture enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay (Capture ELIFA). Additionally, Coxiella burnetii was isolated from the same tissues in BGM cell cultures. Serological investigations with CF, indirect ELIFA, and IF tests revealed high antibody titers against both agents in most animals. Coxiella antigen was still detected 91 days later in milk samples of two infected goats by Capture ELIFA.  相似文献   

Differential effects of heparin on NO and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in bovine blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolisaccharide.     

A Che?mońska-Soyta  M Zimecki  W Nowacki  M Niko?ajczuk 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2001,24(3):151-164

We investigated the influence of heparin, one of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, on nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes left to adhere for 2 (freshly adherent monocytes) and 48 h (resting monocytes), activated with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 24-h stimulation with LPS, heparin (100 microg/ml) increased (by about 40%) NO production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by freshly adherent monocytes. However, it did not change NO synthesis by the resting monocytes. Unlike its influence on NO level, heparin diminished TNF-alpha production by PBMC and monocytes stimulated with LPS. Microscopical examination of PBMC stained with biotin-labeled heparin, showed that both lymphocytes and monocytes were able to bind this glycosaminoglycan. We suggest that heparin, as a component of ECM, modulates the early response of monocytes to exogenous stimuli.  相似文献   

Expressed sequence tag of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus skin cells     

Ikuo  HIRONO  Ryosuke  YAZAWA  Takashi  AOKI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(1):195-197

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Determination of sulfamethazine and trimethoprim in liquid feed premixes by HPLC and diode array detection, with an analysis of the uncertainty of the analytical results.     

B Cancho Grande  M S García Falcón  M Rodríguez Comesa?a  J Simal Gándara 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(7):3145-3150

Sulfamethazine (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) are antibacterials used in veterinary practice. This paper describes a method for their determination in veterinary liquid feed premixes that is based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Gradient elution with methanol and ammonium acetate achieved excellent separation of the two analytes within 15 min without any interference from the matrix. Absorbance of the column effluent was monitored at 264 nm for SMZ and at 230 nm for TMP. Detailed analyses of the uncertainties of determinations afford estimated expanded uncertainties of, respectively, 0.2 and 0.1 w/v % for typical SMZ and TMP concentrations of 10.7 and 2.1 w/v %, respectively. At the lower end of the calibrated range of the method, the dominant source of uncertainty is the preparation of standards and the construction of the calibration line.  相似文献   

Laboratory-based surveillance of salmonellosis of humans in Germany--safety of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis live vaccines]     

W Rabsch  A Liesegang  H Tsch?pe 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(11-12):433-437

The Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, in Germany has been licensed different live vaccines of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for use in the veterinary medicine since I the 90s. The Robert Koch Institute has established a lab-based surveillance system for these live vaccine strains for an evaluation of recent public health safety. Since 2000 all strains of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from humans were investigated in respect to their phage types and other vaccine markers. 3676 S. Typhimurium strains and 4489 S. Enteritidis strains mainly from Salmonellose patients were investigated after phage typing according to their auxotrophic or antibiotic resistance markers. The live vaccine strains of Zoosaloral, TAD Salmonella vacT or TAD Salmonella vacE and Salmovac SE could not be found from infections in humans.  相似文献   

The effect of eradication of lice on the occurrence of the grain defect light flecks and spots on cattle hides.     

O Nafstad  H Gr?nst?l 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):99-106

The influence of an eradication programme for lice on the prevalence of light flecks and spots on cattle hides was studied in 33 dairy cattle herds during a period of two and a half years. Lice were eradicated from the main group of herds after 9 to 12 months and the quality of the hides before and after treatment was compared. Hides from slaughtered animals were collected during the study period, tanned and examined with special emphasis on the occurrence of the grain damage light flecks and spots. The prevalence of hides without light flecks and spots increased from 24.2% before treatment to 61.6% after treatment. The prevalence of hides free from the damage increased significantly in all examined anatomical regions. The improvement in hide quality was most marked in the shoulders and neck region which corresponded to the major predilection site of cattle lice. The prevalence of hides with light flecks and spots started to decrease in the first period (2-40 days) after eradication. The changes after treatment suggested that most healing process took place over a period of about 4 months. The eradication programme eliminated the seasonal variation in the prevalence of light flecks and spots which was present before treatment.  相似文献