Alteration of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mystus vittatus</Emphasis> after chronic exposure to Metasystox and Sevin     

P. Joseph John 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(1):15-20

Indiscriminate use of pesticides has elevated the risk of contamination of environment and aquatic habitat. Considering the above fact, the present study has been under taken to investigate the alteration of some blood parameters of freshwater teleost Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of Metasystox (4 ppm.) and Sevin (7 ppm.) individually. The main alterations observed in certain haematological parameters were clotting time (CT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin percentage (Hb%), red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs), pack cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Alterations in organic constituents of blood, such as glucose, blood urea, total plasma protein and cholesterol, and in inorganic constituents, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus, were also studied. Alteration of enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-pase), fructose-1-6-diphosphatase (F-1-6-dipase), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were also studied, so that the changes in the blood biochemistry due to the pesticidal stress could be understood. Results indicated that CT, WBCs, MCH, MCHC, glucose, blood urea, cholesterol, magnesium and SGOT were increased, whereas other parameters were found to be decreased in both cases. Possible reasons for the above elevation are discussed in the light of available literature.  相似文献   

A review of interactions between cetaceans and fisheries in the Azores     

Mónica A. Silva  Miguel Machete  Dália Reis  Marco Santos  Rui Prieto  Carla Dâmaso  João Gil Pereira  Ricardo S. Santos 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(1):17-27

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Characterization of acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms in organs of five freshwater teleosts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Ferenczy  T. Szegletes  T. Bálint  M. Ábrahám  J. Nemcsók 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(6):515-529

The activity and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) were characterized in the brain, heart, white skeletal muscle and liver of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), wels (Silurus glanis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), belonging in four families. The brain had the highest (between 183.2±10.6 and 1361.2±189.7 mU mg^-1 protein and between 4.7±0.4 and 23.5±2.7 U g^-1 wet tissue) and the liver the lowest (between 25.3±1.9 and 126.5±22.7 mU mg^-1 protein and between 1.0±0.1 and 4.5±0.5 U g^-1 wet tissue) activity in all these fish, with the exception of the wels, where the heart contained the smallest amount of AChE (26.2±7.5 mU mg^-1 protein and 1.2±0.3 U g^-1 wet tissue). The highest tissue AChE activity was found in the carp and lowest in the sturgeon. The solubility properties and molecular forms of AChE in the four tissues were studied by extraction in high-salt medium (1.0 M NaCl) with and without the detergent Triton X-100 (0.5%, v/v). The proportions of detergent-soluble (DS) and salt-soluble (SS) forms of AChE varied considerably from one species to another, but a general tendency could be observed: the proportion of DS AChE was generally higher in the brain (between 70.4±4.1 and 82.5±1.2%) and lower in the heart (between 12.0±2.0 and 51.3±2.3%) and skeletal muscle (between 16.0±2.0 and 64.4±0.7%). Velocity sedimentation centrifugation revealed that most tissues contained the G₄ or A₄ form. Three tissues (brain, heart, and liver) of the Siberian sturgeon contained a relatively high proportion of the G1 form (between 24.3±2.4 and 28.6±4.9%), while the skeletal muscle of the wels contained only the most complex type of AChE, i.e., A₁₂. Amongst the tissues studied, the brain and liver mostly contained amphiphilic globular forms of the G₄ type, while the heart and skeletal muscle were rich in asymmetric forms (A₄ and A₁₂). It was concluded that the differences revealed in the activities of AChE and in the distribution of its molecular forms may be connected with the variation in behavioral habits (feeding and swimming patterns), and the developmental stage of the nervous system.  相似文献   

Development of a whole-body cortisol extraction procedure for determination of stress in golden shiners, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Notemigonus crysoleucas</Emphasis>     

Todd David Sink  Sathyanand Kumaran  Rebecca T. Lochmann 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(3):189-193

Baitfish such as golden shiners are subjected to stress during harvesting, grading, and transport. Their small size makes it difficult to measure the stress response with the biological indicator cortisol using conventional assay methods for plasma. This paper examines the development and validation of methods for whole-body cortisol extraction from individual baitfish. Three types of extracts were tested: (1) an ethyl ether unaltered extract (UA); (2) an extract reconstituted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS); (3) an extract that had been increased in volume by the addition of food-grade vegetable oil (VO). These extracts were evaluated using validation tests with radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The UA extract produced inadequate volumes of extract for multiple assays and could not be used for the determination of cortisol in a single fish. The PBS reconstitution method failed the precision recovery of serial dilutions (62.3%), linearity (R ²: 0.7864), and parallelism validation tests. The VO volume-boosting method passed all validation tests [intra-assay coefficent of variation (%CV): 16.3 for ELISA and 5.9 for RIA; inter-assay %CV: 10.3; spiked recovery: 102.0%; dilution recovery: 93.0%; linearity R ²: 0.9435; log of serial dilutions was parallel] and provided enough extract for multiple assays from an individual baitfish. Based on these results, we conclude that the VO volume-boosting method presents a means for determining cortisol from individual baitfish using either RIA or ELISA assays.  相似文献   

cDNA cloning,characterization, and expression analysis of channel catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ictalurus punctatus</Emphasis> Rafinesque, 1818) Peroxiredoxin 6 gene     

Hung-Yueh Yeh  Phillip H. Klesius 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(3):233-239

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Genetic identification of native populations of fluvial white-spotted charr <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvelinus leucomaenis</Emphasis> in the upper Tone River drainage     

Hitoshi Kubota  Takahide Doi  Shoichiro Yamamoto  Seiichi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):270-284

ABSTRACT:   Stocking of exogenous, hatchery-reared white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis has been conducted throughout much of their range in Honshu Island, Japan, to increase angling opportunities. Although the native charr populations are thought to have declined because of hybridization with introduced fish, their distribution and genetic status have been uncertain. Fine population structures of charr in the upper Tone River drainage were examined using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses so as to clarify the presence of native populations. One common mtDNA haplotype was detected in all populations in the Ohashi River and Watarase River, and four and one tributary populations were monomorphic for such haplotypes, respectively. However, several haplotypes, considered to have originated from stocked hatchery fish, were observed in the stocked and the remaining populations. Judging from the genetic integrity over a fine geographic scale, the former were considered as indicative of native populations and the latter as admixtures with hatchery fish. Comparisons of genetic diversity, deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, principal component analysis, and relatedness estimations based on microsatellite DNA can also provide evidence for distinguishing native populations from those influenced by hatchery fish.  相似文献   

Assessment of marine thraustochytrid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizochytrium limacinum</Emphasis> OUC88 for mariculture by enriched feeds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaojin Song  Xuecheng Zhang  Nan Guo  Luying Zhu  Chenghong Kuang 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):565-573

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88, a thraustochytrid with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n −3), was used as feed for rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana . The rotifer and Artemia were harvested at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-h intervals, analyzed for fatty acid composition, and compared with the control which fed on yeast only. The highest DHA content resulted from an enrichment period of 12 h for both fed organisms, reached 13.4 and 10.9% of the total fatty acids (TFAs) in rotifers and Artemia nauplii, respectively, and the DHA level reduced sharply if enrichment time was longer than 12 h. The pseudoalbinism rate of turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles fed enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii reduced greatly (40% lower than in control group). Thus, enrichment of rotifers and Artemia nauplii by DHA-rich Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 may provide a practical strategy for feeding fish juveniles in aquaculture.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Mineral Oil-Insecticide Mixtures for Protection of Potato Tubers Against PVY and PVM     

Sławomir Wróbel 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(6):706-713

The impact of a dozen mixtures of the most commonly applied aphicides: Mospilan 20 SP (acetamiprid), Pirimor 500 (pirimicarb) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (lambda-cyhalothrin), combined with the mineral oil Sunspray 850 EC, was researched in field conditions to assess their effectiveness in limiting potato tuber PVY, PVM and PLRV infection. In spite of the greatest reduction in the number of aphids occurring following application of Mospilan 20 SP, this treatment was not as effective in limiting PVY infection as, for example, applying Sunspray 850 EC mineral oil. Mineral oil, when used on its own or in a mixture with Pirimor 500 WG, was found to be the most effective measure for limiting PVY infection (the incidence of tubers infested with PVY was reduced by 64 % relative to control, i.e. no protection). A slightly weaker effect was observed in the case of a combination of the mineral oil with full doses of Karate Zeon 050 CS with a half of a dose of Mospilan 20 SP insecticide, however only for protection against PVY. A similar trend was observed for PVM even though a significant difference was only observed for Sunspray 850EC?+?Pirimor 500WG. In conclusion, the application of insecticide mixtures with mineral oil in protecting against PVY infection is not always as effective as the application of the oil itself only. Addition of the insecticide may sometimes improve the efficacy of protection, however, due to the extra costs involved, not always does it have to be economical.  相似文献   

Changes in the Solubility of Corn Proteins through Interaction with the Arabinoxylans in Extruded Nixtamalized Corn Flour Treated with Xylanase     

Silvia Carolina Moreno-Rivas  Concepción Lorenia Medina-Rodríguez  Patricia Isabel Torres-Chávez  Benjamín Ramírez-Wong  Luis Carlos Platt-Lucero 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(2):148-154

The extrusion process allows the production of nixtamalized corn flour rich in arabinoxylans, which help to prevent cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. During extrusion, physiochemical properties of nixtamalized corn flour are negatively modified. The use of enzymes such as xylanase in order to obtain nixtamalized corn flour using extrusion has been studied as an alternative to reduce these changes in corn flour tortilla. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in protein solubility of extruded nixtamalized corn flour with and without different concentrations of xylanase enzyme (0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 %, w/w). Soluble proteins of each corn flour were extracted and analyzed by SE-HPLC, while insoluble proteins were determined by the combustion method. In addition, each corn flour was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the extruded nixtamalized corn flour, with and without xylanase, increased the protein solubility, and this effect was lower in extruded nixtamalized corn flour with xylanase. Insoluble protein diminished in corn flours either with or without xylanase enzyme. The addition of xylanase reduces the effect that the extrusion process has on the solubility proteins of extruded nixtamalized corn flour.  相似文献   

Climate change’s impact on irrigation system and farmers’ response: a case study of the Plaichumpol Irrigation Project,Phitsanulok Province,Thailand     

Sucharit Koontanakulvong  Winai Chaowiwat  Tetsuro Miyazato 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(2):241-254

The Plaichumpol Irrigation Project, in Nan Basin of Thailand, is selected as a case study of impact study, where farmers depended on both surface and groundwater sources (especially in the dry year), to assess the impact on irrigation systems. The study used the MRI-GCM data to project the future climate condition and assess the impact on irrigation systems focusing on water shortage and groundwater pumping aspects in the selected consecutive dry years. The responses from farmers on the impact and adaptation were also gathered via site interviews and analyzed. Based on the bias-corrected MRI-GCM data, the annual rainfall in Nan Basin will decrease in the near future (2015–2039), compared with the past average data (1979–2006), while the rainfall will increase in the far future (2075–2099) compared with past. Water supply from dam will decrease in wet season and dry season, while water demand in both of near future and far future will increase in wet season and dry season. Less water shortage and groundwater pumping in both near-future and far-future periods are expected in the future consecutive dry years compared with the past, though the groundwater is still an important supplementary irrigation water source in the dry year. From the field interview, the farmers are ready to adapt to the changing situations and join in the water use meeting to follow up with irrigation officers about the adjustment of plant calendar and water allocation due to the climate change and to prepare adaptation measures as necessary.  相似文献