Preface: humic substances in the environment     

Jerzy Weber  Yona Chen  Elżbieta Jamroz  Teodoro Miano 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(8):2665-2667

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Cisgenesis and genome editing: combining concepts and efforts for a smarter use of genetic resources in crop breeding          下载免费PDF全文

Teodoro Cardi 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):139-147

Plant genetic resources (PGR) represent valuable sources of genetic variability for crop breeding. The development of novel biotechnologies is necessary for increasing the efficiency of their use in pre‐breeding and breeding work. The genome sequencing of hundreds of genotypes and the mining of allele diversity in major crops and populations of landraces and wild relatives allow the isolation of genes underlying characters of interest and their precise modification or transfer into targeted varieties. The technological developments and applications of new plant breeding techniques (NPBT) that maximize the similarity with gene transfer by crossing (cisgenesis/intragenesis) or the accuracy of biotechnological approaches (genome editing) are reviewed. Their potentialities and current limitations as well as the possible advantages of using them separately or combined for the exploitation of PGR in crop breeding are also discussed. Above‐mentioned NPBT tackle some objections to the application of biotechnologies in agriculture and are under review worldwide to assess the possible exclusion from the current regulation systems for genetically modified plants.  相似文献   

Novel use of nanostructured alumina as an insecticide     

Teodoro Stadler  Micaela Buteler  David K Weaver 《Pest management science》2010,66(6):577-579

BACKGROUND: The worldwide need to produce an inexpensive and abundant food supply for a growing population is a great challenge that is further complicated by concerns about risks to environmental stability and human health triggered by the use of pesticides. The result is the ongoing development of alternative pest control strategies, and new, lower‐risk insecticidal molecules. Among the recent technological advances in agricultural science, nanotechnology shows considerable promise, although its development for use in crop protection is in its initial stages. RESULTS: This study reports for the first time the insecticidal effect of nanostructured alumina. Two species were used as model organisms, Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), which are major insect pests in stored food supplies throughout the world. Both species experienced significant mortality after 3 days of continuous exposure to treated wheat. Nine days after treatment, the median lethal doses (LD₅₀) observed ranged from 127 to 235 mg kg^?1. CONCLUSION: Comparison of these results with recommended rates for commercial insecticidal dusts suggests that inorganic nanostructured alumina may provide a cheap and reliable alternative for control of insect pests. This study expands the frontiers for nanoparticle‐based technologies in pest management. Further research is needed to identify its mode of action and its non‐target toxicity, and to determine the potential of other nanostructured materials as pest control options for insects. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Chemical and spectroscopic investigation of porewater and aqueous extracts of corresponding peat samples throughout a bog core (Jura Mountains, Switzerland)     

Claudio Zaccone  Valeria D’Orazio  William Shotyk  Teodoro M. Miano 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(5):443-456

Background, aim, and scope  

Fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopies are simple but useful methods to characterize organic matter in the aqueous phase according to its aromatic nature and humification degree. Although there are several studies about porewater and water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from peat, at present, no comparative investigations are available in the literature. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify and compare chemical and spectroscopic features of porewaters and corresponding WEOM samples along a 105-cm undisturbed peat profile.  相似文献   

Genome-wide analysis of plastome sequence variation and development of plastidial CAPS markers in common potato and related <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis> species     

Daniela Gargano  Nunzia Scotti  Alessandro Vezzi  Alessandra Bilardi  Giorgio Valle  Stefania Grillo  Salvatore Cozzolino  Teodoro Cardi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(3):419-430

The plastome sequence of the European cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (tbr, GenBank accession no. DQ386163), was compared with that of S. bulbocastanum, a wild potato relative (blb, GenBank accession no. DQ347958), in order to characterize the degree and type of variability in different genomic regions, and develop molecular markers relevant to genetics, breeding and biotechnology of potato. One hundred forty-two and 251 PICs (Potentially Informative Characters) were found in coding and non-coding sequences (NCSs), respectively. Further, while variation in coding regions was almost exclusively due to nucleotide substitutions, 25% of PICs in NCSs of tbr and blb were due to indels, most of them mononucleotide or longer tandem repeats (micro and minisatellites). Four intergenic regions were selected for further analyses in other 16 tuber-bearing Solanum species. The rps16-trnQ ^UUG gene spacer was found to be the most variable, forty-six PICs in this region distinguishing 18 haplotypes. Analysis of haplotype relationships, based on variability in the four intergenic regions, confirmed that the most primitive species from Central America were the most distant to S. tuberosum. Finally, polymorphic sites in the same regions were used to develop a set of CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences) markers for species/cytoplasm identification in Solanum spp.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) as a biocontrol agent of the red palm mite Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)     

Lira  Vanessa de Araujo  Jumbo  Luis Oswaldo Viteri  de Freitas  Giselle Santos  Rêgo  Adriano Soares  Galvão  Andréia Serra  Teodoro  Adenir Vieira 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(1):103-111

Phytoparasitica - The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), is a severe pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), banana (Musa sp.), and some ornamental palms. The predatory mite...  相似文献   

Resistance to blackleg and tuber soft rot in sexual and somatic interspecific hybrids with different genetic background   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Domenico Carputo  Teodoro Cardi  Mario Speggiorin  Astolfo Zoina  Luigi Frusciante 《American Journal of Potato Research》1997,74(3):161-172

Diploid interspecific hybrids from crosses betweenSolanum tuberosum haploids andS. canasense, S. multidissectum, andS. tarijense, along with tetraploid and hexaploid somatic hybrids S.tuberosum (+)S. commersonii, were screened for resistance to blackleg and tuber soft rot byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica andE. carotovora subsp.carotovora. Among the diploid hybrids, those involving clone mlt la of S.multidissectum and tar 2b ofS. tarijense yielded the highest number of genotypes resistant to both blackleg and tuber soft rot. By contrast, all the hybrids involving clone tar 1lb ofS. tarijense were susceptible to both bacterial diseases. As far as resistance of somatic hybrids is concerned, the most interesting genotype was the tetraploid one which showed resistance to both blackleg and tuber soft rot Significant correlations were found betweenE. carotovora subsp.atroseptica andE. carotovora subsp.carotovora both in resistance to blackleg and in resistance to tuber soft rot, suggesting that resistance to the two subspecies is controlled by the same gene/s or that the relevant genes are linked. On the other hand, correlations between blackleg and tuber soft rot were never significant, indicating that different mechanisms may control resistance in tuber and stems. Alternatively, the resistance could be controlled by the same gene/s under a different spatial/temporal expression pattern. Twelve diploid sexual hybrids and one tetraploid somatic hybrid were selected for resistance to blackleg and/or tuber soft rot and for tuber characteristics.  相似文献   

Agronomic performance and water-use efficiency of F3 soybean populations grown under contrasting base saturation     

Isabela Ramsdorf Gomes Patinni  Cristiane Alves de Andrade  Cid Naudi Silva Campos  Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro  Sinomar Moreira Andrade  Cassiano Garcia Roque  Carlos Antônio da Silva Junior  Paulo Eduardo Teodoro 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):806-814

Most of the Brazilian soils, especially in Cerrado biome, have high acidity and toxic aluminium, making the application of limestone an indispensable technique to obtain high yield in soybean crop. The hypothesis of this study was that contrasting base saturation provides changes in water-use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic traits of soybean populations. Thus, we evaluated the WUE and agronomic performance of F₃ soybean populations under different base saturation levels. Each experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates and 10 F₃ populations (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9 and P10) for two crop seasons. Segregating populations were obtained by bulk method. In the first experiment, F₃ populations were evaluated without correction of base saturation (V = 30%), while in the second experiment, limestone was applied three months before sowing to increase base saturation to 60%. The traits evaluated were as follows: calcium, magnesium and potassium contents, water-use efficiency (WUE), plant height, first pod height, main stem diameter and grain yield. Our findings indicate that WUE and agronomic performance of F₃ soybean populations depends on the saturation condition. We identified the P4 and P9 populations as the most promising for use in breeding programmes aiming at higher tolerance to abiotic stress caused by low base saturation in soil.  相似文献   

Investigating landscape phase transitions in Mediterranean rangelands by recurrence analysis     

Giovanni Zurlini  Norbert Marwan  Teodoro Semeraro  K. Bruce Jones  Roberta Aretano  Maria Rita Pasimeni  Donatella Valente  Christian Mulder  Irene Petrosillo 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(9):1617-1631

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Epistasis in an Andean  × Mesoamerican cross of common bean     

Alexsander Luís Moreto  Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho  Adriano Teodoro Bruzi 《Euphytica》2012,186(3):755-760

The objective of this investigation was to check if epistasis is present in Andean × Mesoamerican beans crosses using triple test cross (TTC) method. The parents of the segregating population were Carioca–MG (Mesoamerican) and BRS Radiante (Andean). In July 2005, F₂ progenies (backcrossed with the parents and F₁ generation) were evaluated at two locations for three characters: number of pods plant⁻¹, number of grains plant⁻¹ and grain weight plant⁻¹. The presence of epistasis was detected for all yield components. In the partitioning of epistasis in additive x additive (i) and dominant x dominant (j) and dominant × additive (l) it was observed that, for the traits number of pods/plant and number of grains/plant, only epistasis of the type (j) + (l) were significant. For the trait grain mass/plant, all types of epistasis were significant.  相似文献