DNA damage after acute and chronic treatment with malathion in rats     

Réus GZ  Valvassori SS  Nuernberg H  Comim CM  Stringari RB  Padilha PT  Leffa DD  Tavares P  Dagostim G  Paula MM  Andrade VM  Quevedo J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7560-7565

Malathion is an insecticide widely used in agriculture and in public health programs that when used indiscriminately in large amounts can cause environmental pollution and risk to human health. However, it is possible that during the metabolism of malathion, reactive oxygen species can be generated, and malathion may produce oxidative stress in intoxicated rats that can be responsible for alterations in DNA molecules related in some studies. As a result, the present study aimed to investigate the DNA damage of cerebral tissue and peripheral blood in rats after acute and chronic malathion exposure. We used single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) to measure early damage in hippocampus and peripheral blood and the Micronucleus test in total erythrocytes samples. Malathion was administered intraperitoneally once a day for one day (acute) or for 28 days (chronic) protocols (in both protocols, malathion was administered at 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Our results showed that malathion (100 and 150 mg/kg) increased the DNA damage index in the peripheral blood and in the hippocampus after both chronic and acute treatment. Malathion increased the frequency of micronuclei only in chronic treatment at 150 mg/kg dose, and induced a cytotoxic dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of rats. In conclusion, since malathion increased both the peripheral blood and hippocampus DNA damage index using the Comet assay and increased the frequency of micronuclei in the total peripheral blood, it can be regarded as a potential mutagen/carcinogenic agent.  相似文献   

Humic substances and nature-like technologies     

Perminova  Irina V.  García-Mina  José-María  Knicker  Heike  Miano  Teodoro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(6):2663-2664

Journal of Soils and Sediments -  相似文献   

Implications of the population effect in the selection of soybean progeny          下载免费PDF全文

Francielly de Cássia Pereira  Adriano Teodoro Bruzi  José Wilacildo de Matos  Breno Alvarenga Rezende  Luis Claudio Prado  José Airton Rodrigues Nunes 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(5):679-687

The goal of this study was to verify the influence of the population effect in the estimates of genetic and phenotypic components and to identify the best soybean progeny or lines in a commercial soybean breeding programme. We evaluated 292 populations for grain yield and absolute maturity during three agricultural years. To quantify the efficiency of the inclusion of the population's effect in the model, we estimated genetic gain with the selection, the Spearman's correlation, the coincidence index, the realized gain and correlated response of selected genotypes with and without the effect of the population. It was found that the variance components, heritability and coefficient of experimental variation were better estimated when the effect of the population was included, providing greater gain with selection for grain yield and absolute maturity. Coincidence and ranking among the selected progeny with and without the effect of the population are of greater magnitude in more advanced inbreeding generations and at higher percentage of selected progeny. The use of the population effect has greater importance in earlier generations of inbreeding.  相似文献   

Unravelling the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of the Marine Sponge Cliona celata from the Portuguese Coastline     

Joana Alves  Helena Gaspar  Joana Silva  Celso Alves  Alice Martins  Fernando Teodoro  Patrícia Susano  Susete Pinteus  Rui Pedrosa 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)

Inflammation is a double-edged sword, as it can have both protective effects and harmful consequences, which, combined with oxidative stress (OS), can lead to the development of deathly chronic inflammatory conditions. Over the years, research has evidenced the potential of marine sponges as a source of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Within this framework, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory potential of the marine sponge Cliona celata. For this purpose, their organic extracts (C1–C5) and fractions were evaluated concerning their radical scavenging activity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and anti-inflammatory activity through a (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation on RAW 264.7 cells) model. Compounds present in the two most active fractions (F5 and F13) of C4 were tentatively identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Even though samples displayed low antioxidant activity, they presented a high anti-inflammatory capacity in the studied cellular inflammatory model when compared to the anti-inflammatory standard, dexamethasone. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-9-hexadecenal, and 13-octadecenal in fraction F5, while two major compounds, octadecanoic acid and cholesterol, were identified in fraction F13. The developed studies demonstrated the high anti-inflammatory activity of the marine sponge C. celata extracts and fractions, highlighting its potential for further therapeutic applications.  相似文献   

The Use of Goats Grazing to Restore Pastures Invaded by Shrubs and Avoid Desertification: A Preliminary Case Study in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains     

Javier lvarez‐Martínez  Amelia Gmez‐Villar  Teodoro Lasanta 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(1):3-13

Spanish mountains have been affected by the expansion of shrubs and forests since the mid‐20th century. This secondary succession in vegetation has some positive effects, but also drawbacks, such as an increase in fire risk, loss of diversity in land use, a reduction in landscape and cultural value, less water available in river channels and reservoirs, constraints on livestock farming, a reduced number of local species and loss of biodiversity. This paper analyses the potential for grazing domestic goats to help control the spread of several species of shrubs such as the common broom (Cytisus scoparius), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and roses (Rosa sp.) that are commonly found in degraded pastures in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain. Using experimental plots, the effects of two levels of stocking density (4·5 and 9 goats ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) are compared with other land management systems used in the region: burning, mechanical clearing and trimming. The combined use of goats with support from burning, clearing and trimming controls the spread of shrubs. The most efficient treatment was found with nine goats ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. Goat grazing also changes the distribution of shrubs, transforming a dense and continuous coverage into separate clumps and thereby enabling livestock to graze more easily. Maintaining a mixed structure of shrubs and pastures is the best treatment due to the low population density of the Cantabrian Mountains, as this enhances the biodiversity, controls fire risk and enriches the landscape; it also allows extensive livestock grazing as a main economic resource. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored-grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)     

Stefanazzi N  Stadler T  Ferrero A 《Pest management science》2011,67(6):639-646

BACKGROUND: The composition and bioactivity of essential oils from Tagetes terniflora Kunth, Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. and Elyonurus muticus (Spreng) Kuntz were evaluated against stored‐grain pests. RESULTS: Fumigant and contact toxicities were observed with T. terniflora on adults of both pests. In contact toxicity, this oil was less toxic to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus showed contact toxicity on S. oryzae. All essential oils produced: (a) repellency on larvae and adults of T. castaneum and adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.); (b) post‐ingestive toxicity on T. castaneum larvae and S. oryzae adults and alteration of nutritional index on T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults. Cymbopogon citratus reduced the relative growth rate and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food in T. castaneum larvae. Tagetes terniflora produced a feeding stimulant effect in T. castaneum adults. In addition, they had a feeding deterrent action against S. oryzae adults. The composition of essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus varied only in one component. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the essential oils from T. terniflora, C. citratus and E. muticus should be studied further for their use in integrated pest management programmes for T. castaneum and S. oryzae control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in horses from endemic areas in the north-central mesoregion of Paraná state, Brazil     

Vedovello Filho D  Jorge FA  Lonardoni MV  Teodoro U  Silveira TG 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(3):149-155

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an endemic disease in the north‐west of Paraná state, Brazil, where it occurs in humans and dogs. Few studies have been undertaken on the occurrence of the disease in other domestic animals and horses. In this study we investigated the infection of horses by Leishmania in ACL‐endemic rural areas. Direct agglutination test (DAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed. Fifty‐five horses from rural areas in the municipalities of Doutor Camargo, Ourizona, São Jorge do Ivaí, Ivatuba and Santa Fé (Água do Ó) were analysed. DAT‐detected antibody titres varied from 10 to 640, and 42 (76.3%) animals presented titres ≥20. PCR analyses led to the detection of Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in the blood samples of three (7.1%) of 42 animals. The presence of anti‐L. (V.) braziliensis antibodies and Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in horses from endemic areas suggests their participation in the ACL transmission cycle.  相似文献   

Photodegradation of rotenone in soils under environmental conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cavoski I  Caboni P  Sarais G  Cabras P  Miano T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(17):7069-7074

An environmental fate study was performed to analyze the effects of soil components on the photochemical behavior of rotenone. Photodegradation experiments were carried out on three types of soil collected in southern Italy, Valenzano (VAL), Turi (TUR), and Conversano (CON), from April to June 2006. Soil thin-layer plates (1 mm thick) were spiked with 1.5 mg/kg of rotenone and exposed under natural conditions of sunlight and temperature. The plates were removed from the sunlight at predetermined intervals of continuous irradiation. Other soil samples, control and sterilized, were kept in the dark to evaluate possible effects of chemical and microbiological degradation during the irradiation experiment. The time for 50% loss of the initially applied rotenone varied from 5 to 7 h, following the order TUR < CON < VAL. In environmental studies, changes in temperature and/or moisture affected the degradation rate and caused deviations from first-order kinetics. The photolysis reaction fit the two compartment or the multiple compartment model pathways better. A fast initial decrease during the first 5 h of rotenone irradiation was followed by a much slower decline, which clearly indicates the rather complex chemical process of rotenone photodegradation on soil surfaces. Also, the degradation was shown to be directly related to the soil concentration of clay and organic matter. Rotenolone (12abeta-hydroxyrotenone) was detected by HPLC/DAD/MS analysis as the only photodegradation byproduct of rotenone in soil thin layers. Results provide additional insights on the rates and the mechanisms of rotenone degradation, aiming to describe more clearly the degradation performance of chemical residues in the environment.  相似文献   

Sugarcane bagasse whiskers: Extraction and characterizations     

Eliangela de Morais TeixeiraThalita Jessika Bondancia  Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo Teodoro  Ana Carolina CorrêaJosé Manoel Marconcini  Luiz Henrique Caparelli Mattoso 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(1):63-66

This work evaluates the use of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a source of cellulose to obtain whiskers. These fibers were extracted after SCB underwent alkaline peroxide pre-treatment followed by acid hydrolysis at 45 °C. The influence of extraction time (30 and 75 min) on the properties of the nanofibers was investigated. Sugarcane bagasse whiskers (SCBW) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere. The results showed that SCB could be used as source to obtain cellulose whiskers and they had needle-like structures with an average length (L) of 255 ± 55 nm and diameter (D) of 4 ± 2 nm, giving an aspect ratio (L/D) around 64. More drastic hydrolysis conditions (75 min) resulted in less thermally stable whiskers and caused some damage on the crystal structure of the cellulose as observed by XRD analysis.  相似文献   

High?throughput phenotyping of two plant?size traits of Eucalyptus species using neural networks     

Marcus Vinicius Vieira Borges  Janielle de Oliveira Garcia  Tays Silva Batista  Alexsandra Nogueira Martins Silva  Fabio Henrique Rojo Baio  Carlos Ant?nio da Silva Junior  Gileno Brito de Azevedo  Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa Azevedo  Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro  Paulo Eduardo Teodoro 《林业研究》2022,(2):591-599

In forest modeling to estimate the volume of wood, artificial intelligence has been shown to be quite effi-cient, especially using artificial neural networks (A...  相似文献