Effect of tylosin on dogs with suspected tylosin-responsive diarrhea: a placebo-controlled,randomized, double-blinded,prospective clinical trial     

Susanne Kilpinen  Thomas Spillmann  Pernilla Syrj?  Teresa Skrzypczak  Maria Louhelainen  Elias Westermarck 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):26

Background

The macrolid antibiotic tylosin has been widely used to treat canine chronic diarrhea, although its efficacy is based on anecdotal reports and experimental studies in dogs and not on strong scientific evidence. The term tylosin-responsive diarrhea (TRD) refers to diarrheal disorders responding to tylosin therapy within a few days. In TRD, the stool remains normal as long as tylosin treatment continues, but diarrhea reappears in many dogs within weeks after discontinuation. The aim of our trial was to assess the effect of tylosin on fecal consistency compared with a placebo treatment in dogs with suspected TRD and additionally to establish whether tylosin in dogs with recurrent diarrhea is as effective as empirical studies and anecdotal reports suggest.

Methods

Subjects comprised 71 client-owned dogs that, according to the owners, had previously been treated successfully with tylosin due to recurrent diarrhea of unknown etiology. At the initial examination, where there were no signs of diarrhea, the dogs were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to a tylosin or placebo group. During a two-month follow-up the owners evaluated the fecal consistency according to previously published guidelines. When diarrhea recurred, either tylosin (25 mg/kg q 24 h, 7 days) or placebo treatment was initiated orally. Treatment outcome was evaluated as the mean of fecal consistency scores assigned during the last three days of the treatment period. To test for differences between the tylosin and placebo group in the proportion of responders, Pearson''s Chi-squared test and Fisher''s exact test were applied.

Results

Sixty-one dogs met the selection criteria and were followed for two months. During the follow-up 27 dogs developed diarrhea and either tylosin or placebo treatment was started. The proportion of dogs with normal fecal consistency at the end of treatment was 85% (17/20) in the tylosin group and 29% (2/7) in the placebo group (Pearson''s Chi-squared test p = 0.0049 and Fisher''s exact test two-sided, p = 0.0114).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that tylosin is effective in treating recurrent diarrhea in dogs. The dose of 25 mg/kg once daily appears sufficient. No changes specific to TRD were detected in the examinations.  相似文献   

Merger of the VLA and Animal Health     

Thomas LH 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(15):414

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Animal health in the 21st century-a global challenge     

Conraths FJ  Schwabenbauer K  Vallat B  Meslin FX  Füssel AE  Slingenbergh J  Mettenleiter TC 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,102(2):93-97

On the occasion of the centenary of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, a conference entitled 'Animal Health in the 21st Century' was held in Greifswald, Germany, on 11-13 October 2010 to discuss current and future challenges regarding the global situation regarding infectious animal diseases and zoonoses, animal breeding, animal nutrition and animal welfare. Particular attention was paid to the impact of recent developments and anticipated future trends on livestock production.  相似文献   

Expression and distribution of canine antimicrobial peptides in the skin of healthy and atopic beagles     

Santoro D  Marsella R  Bunick D  Graves TK  Campbell KL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(3-4):382-388

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Detection of articular pathology of the distal aspect of the third metacarpal bone in thoroughbred racehorses: comparison of radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging     

O'Brien T  Baker TA  Brounts SH  Sample SJ  Markel MD  Scollay MC  Marquis P  Muir P 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(8):942-951

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Subconjunctival mycetoma caused by Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a horse     

Berzina I  Trumble NS  Novicki T  Sharkey LC 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(1):84-88

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Larval development of Toxocara canis in dogs     

Schnieder T  Laabs EM  Welz C 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):193-206

The parasitic roundworm Toxocara canis is present in dog populations all over the world. Due to its zoonotic potential, this roundworm is of special interest not only for veterinarians, but also for medical practitioners. In the present review, current knowledge of infection routes and the subsequent development of larvae within the canine host is summarised. Furthermore, information about the clinical, pathological, enzymatic, haematological and histopathological changes was collected, giving a broad overview of current knowledge of the infection. Although the data collected over the years give an idea of what happens during the larval development of T. canis, many questions remain open. Nevertheless, it is important that we continue our efforts to further understand the biology of this versatile and compelling parasite and try to improve and optimise strategies to prevent the infection in dogs and thereby to protect humans from this infection.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009     

Neil A. Bryant  Adam S. Rash  Alana L. Woodward  Elizabeth Medcalf  Maud Helwegen  Franziska Wohlfender  Fatima Cruz  Claudia Herrmann  Kerstin Borchers  Ashish Tiwari  Thomas M. Chambers  J. Richard Newton  Jennifer A. Mumford  Debra M. Elton 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):19-27

Like other influenza A viruses, equine influenza virus undergoes antigenic drift. It is therefore essential that surveillance is carried out to ensure that recommended strains for inclusion in vaccines are kept up to date. Here we report antigenic and genetic characterisation carried out on equine influenza virus strains isolated in North America and Europe over a 2-year period from 2008 to 2009. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from equines showing acute clinical signs and submitted to diagnostic laboratories for testing and virus isolation in eggs. The sequence of the HA1 portion of the viral haemagglutinin was determined for each strain. Where possible, sequence was determined directly from swab material as well as from virus isolated in eggs. In Europe, 20 viruses were isolated from 15 sporadic outbreaks and 5 viruses were isolated from North America. All of the European and North American viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage, with similarity to A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 (clade 1) or A/eq/Richmond/1/07 (clade 2). Antigenic characterisation by haemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that the two clades could be readily distinguished and there were also at least seven amino acid differences between them. The selection of vaccine strains for 2010 by the expert surveillance panel have taken these differences into account and it is now recommended that representatives of both Florida clade 1 and clade 2 are included in vaccines.  相似文献   

Carry-over of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. between sequential and adjacent poultry flocks     

Thomas Alter  Rita Margarete Weber  Ahmad Hamedy  Gerhard Glünder 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):90-95

Nineteen flocks of four poultry species were monitored at a veterinary field station to investigate the distribution and spread of Campylobacter genotypes between sequential and adjacent flocks. Caecal and liver samples were obtained at frequent intervals from birds of all flocks and examined for Campylobacter. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed to genotype Campylobacter isolates. Of the 1643 caecal and liver samples investigated, 452 (27.5%) caecal samples and 11 (0.7%) liver samples contained Campylobacter. Of the caecal isolates 76.3% were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 23.7% were identified as Campylobacter coli. Poultry flocks were largely colonized by more than one AFLP type and an intense exchange of Campylobacter genotypes between different poultry flocks occurred. These findings indicate that multiple genotypes can constitute the Campylobacter population within single poultry flocks, hinting to different sources of exposure and/or genetic drifts within the Campylobacter population. Nevertheless, in most flocks single Campylobacter genotypes predominated. Some strains superseded others resulting in colonization by successive Campylobacter genotypes during the observation period. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the large genetic diversity of Campylobacter must be considered in epidemiological evaluations and microbial risk assessments of Campylobacter in poultry.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of diploid Japanese strawberry species based on microsatellite markers     

Wambui Njuguna  Kim E. Hummer  Christopher M. Richards  Thomas M. Davis  Nahla V. Bassil 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(8):1187-1198

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS)—National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, is a genebank that preserves strawberry genetic resources. Representatives of two Japanese diploid species, Fragaria iinumae Makino and F. nipponica Makino were collected for conservation by the NCGR during an expedition to Hokkaido, Japan. Fragaria iinumae may be a genome contributor to the cultivated octoploid strawberries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of these two species by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Twenty of 82 Fragaria-derived SSRs, polymorphic among and within the two species, were selected for genetic analysis of 137 accessions. Genetic diversity, based on the proportion of shared alleles between the two species, in F. nipponica (0.4542) and F. iinumae (0.1808) was significantly different. Three wild interspecific hybrids were identified from intermediate memberships in the two diploid species groups revealed by using the clustering program, Structure. Principal coordinate analysis followed by non-parametric modal clustering (PCO-MC) grouped accessions into two clusters representing the two diploid species. Further clustering within the species groups generated with the program, STRUCTURAMA^TM, resulted in seven subclusters in F. iinumae and three in F. nipponica, which may represent breeding populations appropriate for clonal conservation. Long-term preservation of the species populations and the limited number of hybrids on the island is discussed relative to their geographical distribution and the geological history of Hokkaido Island.  相似文献