Ophthalmic findings in the geriatric horse.     

Tim J Cutler 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2002,18(3):545-574

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Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice     

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice  Updates in Ophthalmology   edited by Tim J. Cutler; published by W. B. Saunders Company; 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2004,24(10):434-436

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A comparison of peat properties in intact,afforested and restored raised and blanket bogs     

Tim R. Howson  Pippa J. Chapman  Joseph Holden  Nadeem Shah  Russell Anderson 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):104-121

Recognition of peatlands as a key natural store of terrestrial carbon has led to new initiatives to protect and restore them. Some afforested bogs are being clear-felled and restored (forest-to-bog restoration) to recover pre-afforestation ecosystem function. However, little is known about differences in the peat properties between intact, afforested and restored bogs. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to take 122 peat cores from three separate microforms associated with intact (hollows; hummocks; lawns), afforested and restored bogs (furrows; original surface; ridges) at two raised and two blanket bog locations in Scotland. Common physical and chemical peat properties at eight depths were measured in the laboratory. Differences in bulk density, moisture and carbon content between the afforested (mean = 0.103 g cm⁻³, 87.8% and 50.9%, respectively), intact (mean = 0.091 g cm⁻³, 90.3% and 51.3%, respectively) and restored bogs (mean = 0.095 g cm⁻³, 89.7% and 51.1%, respectively) were small despite their statistical significance. The pH was significantly lower in the afforested (mean = 4.26) and restored bogs (mean = 4.29) than the intact bogs (mean = 4.39), whereas electrical conductivity was significantly higher (mean: afforested = 34.2, restored = 38.0, intact = 25.3 μS cm⁻¹). While significant differences were found between treatments, effect sizes were mainly small, and greater differences in pH, electrical conductivity, specific yield and hydraulic conductivity existed between the different intact bogs. Therefore, interactions between geographic location and land management need to be considered when interpreting the impacts of land-use change on peatland properties and functioning.  相似文献   

An assessment of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar,geophysical and topographical covariates for estimating topsoil particle-size fractions     

Sandra Cristina Deodoro  Rafael Andrade Moral  Reamonn Fealy  Tim McCarthy  Rowan Fealy 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13414

Data derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are widely employed to predict soil properties, particularly soil moisture and soil carbon content. However, few studies address the use of microwave sensors for soil texture retrieval and those that do are typically constrained to bare soil conditions. Here, we test two statistical modelling approaches—linear (with and without interaction terms) and tree-based models, namely compositional linear regression model (LRM) and random forest (RF)—and both nongeophysical (e.g., surface soil moisture, topographic, etc) and geophysical-based (electromagnetic, magnetic and radiometric) covariates to estimate soil texture (sand %, silt % and clay %), using microwave remote sensing data (ESA Sentinel-1). The statistical models evaluated explicitly consider the compositional nature of soil texture and were evaluated with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). Our findings indicate that both modelling approaches yielded better estimates when fitted without the geophysical covariates. Based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), LRM slightly outperformed RF, with NSE values for sand, silt and clay of 0.94, 0.62 and 0.46, respectively; for RF, the NSE values were 0.93, 0.59 and 0.44. When interaction terms were included, RF was found to outperform LRM. The inclusion of interactions in the LRM resulted in a decrease in NSE value and an increase in the size of the residuals. Findings also indicate that the use of radar-derived variables (e.g., VV, VH, RVI) alone was not able to predict soil particle size without the aid of other covariates. Our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering the compositional nature of soil texture information in statistical analysis and regression modelling. As part of the continued assessment of microwave remote sensing data (e.g., ESA Sentinel-1) for predicting topsoil particle size, we intend to test surface scattering information derived from the dual-polarimetric decomposition technique and integrate that predictor into the models in order to deal with the effects of vegetation cover on topsoil backscattering.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor     

Ms  Vanessa Schmidt  Dr  Neil McEwan  Dr  Tim Nuttall 《Veterinary dermatology》2009,20(3):199-199

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The Treatment of Adrenal Cortical Disease in Ferrets with 4.7-mg Deslorelin Acetate Implants     

Robert A. Wagner  Mark R. Finkler  Kellie A. Fecteau  Tim E. Trigg 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2009,18(2):146-152

Thirty pet ferrets with adrenocortical disease (ACD) of varying severity and duration were evaluated for response to a single administration of a slow release 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate implant. Clinical response to deslorelin was monitored via a physical examination performed every 3 to 4 months. Adrenal ultrasound measurements were taken every 3-4 months until clinical relapse. At clinical relapse, duration of symptom suppression and adrenal size and growth were determined. Administration of a single 4.7 mg implant of deslorelin acetate resulted in significant decreases in the clinical signs and hormonal concentrations associated with ACD. Within 14 days post-implant, vulvar swelling, pruritus, sexual behaviors and aggression decreased or disappeared. Hair re-growth was evident by 4-6 weeks post implant. Within two months post deslorelin implant, plasma concentrations of steroid hormones decreased: mean estradiol concentration decreased 28%; 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels decreased 89% and androstenedione levels decreased 88%. The response to a single 4.7 mg implant of deslorelin acetate was transitory. The mean ± SD time to recurrence of clinical signs was 17.6 ± 5.0 months (range, 8.0-30.0 months). Repeated ultrasound measurements revealed no statistical difference in size of the adrenals (right or left) before, during the months of deslorelin implant and at clinical relapse. Slow release 4.7 mg deslorelin implants can effectively be used to temporarily eliminate the clinical signs and reduce steroid hormone concentrations in ferrets with ACD. This dose of deslorelin does appear to influence adrenal tumor growth causing a decrease in adrenal size in some ferrets, and mild enlargement of adrenal glands in most ferrets with 2 of 30 implanted animals developing large tumors before clinical relapse. The long-term effect of treatment with deslorelin on adrenal tumor pathology requires additional investigation. At this time, surgical removal of the adrenal tumor remains the only curative treatment; however, 4.7 mg deslorelin implants are useful in the long-term management of ACD hormone-induced sequelae and may be as effective assurgical management.  相似文献   

Fast characterization of industrial soy protein isolates by direct analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry     

Horneffer V  Foster TJ  Velikov KP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10505-10508

Industrial soy protein isolates (SPIs) due to differences in their processing conditions may differ both in composition and in degree of hydrolysis. As a result, they display different performance in food production and final food properties like consistency and taste. To address this issue, a fast, cheap, and simple method for screening and characterization is required. In this article, the successful analysis of soy protein isolates, a complex mixture of proteins with glycinin and beta-conglycinin as major components, by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is demonstrated. The preparation implements a fast extraction of the proteins from the raw SPI either under neutral or reducing conditions. The extracts are analyzed subsequently by MALDI-TOF-MS without further purification. Results of the two conditions are compared. Finally, different SPIs from different suppliers are analyzed and compared concerning their consistency. The method could be applied to other plant proteins and mixtures thereof. Since the composition and intactness of different subunits play important roles in functional properties of soy proteins, rapid methods for fingerprinting of different industrial soy protein sources will be valuable tools for successful product formulation.  相似文献   

Physicochemical Evaluation and Optimization of Enriched Expanded Pellets with Milk Protein Concentrate     

V. Limn‐Valenzuela  F. Martínez‐Bustos  E. Aguilar‐Palazuelos  J. J. Caro‐Corrales  J. J. Zazueta‐Morales 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(6):612-618

The objective of this work was to study the effect of addition of milk protein concentrate (MPC, 0–10%) and feed moisture (FM, 20–30%) in a blend of corn starch (CS, 80%) and quality protein maize (QPM, 20%) on different physicochemical characteristics of third‐generation (3G) snack foods using extrusion technology. A laboratory single‐extruder with a 3:1 compression ratio, a rectangular die, and a central composite nonroutable model with two variables were used. The physicochemical characteristics evaluated were expansion index (EI), bulk density (BD), penetration force (PF), and color parameters L*a*b*. EI decreased with the increase of MPC and FM, whereas BD and color parameters (a* and b*) increased; PF showed a minimum point (MPC = 5% and FM = 25%). EI, BD, and PF were selected for the optimization process in an area of superposition of 1.5–4.1% of MPC and 20.0–24.1% of FM. A validation of the optimal area was performed on samples with average values of 4.64 (±0.28) for EI, 141.02 (±7.29) kg m^–3 for BD, and 0.0033 (±0.00065) for N m PF. It is feasible to obtain a functional 3G snack food with good expansion characteristics using a microwave oven, and this snack has health benefits due to the addition of MPC and QPM.  相似文献   

Food web feedbacks drive the response of benthic macrofauna to bottom trawling     

Karen E. van de Wolfshaar  P. Daniël van Denderen  Tim Schellekens  Tobias van Kooten 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(5):962-972

Bottom trawl fisheries have significant effects on benthic habitats and communities, and these effects have been studied intensively in the last decades. Most of these studies have related the changes in benthic community composition to direct effect of trawl gears on benthos, through imposed mortality. This line of argumentation ignores the fact that benthic organisms themselves form a complex food web and that bottom trawling may trigger secondary effects through this food web. We studied the potential consequences of such food web effects using a model of benthic predators, filter feeders, deposit feeders and fish. Our analysis shows how inclusion of ecological interactions complicates the relationship between bottom trawling intensity and the state of the benthic community and causes a non‐linear and non‐monotonic response of the benthic community to trawling. This shows that indirect food web effects can fundamentally alter the response of a benthic ecosystem to bottom trawling, compared to the direct effects of mortality. In light of our results, we argue that indicators of fishing impact on benthos need to account for positive as well as negative effects of bottom trawling, in order to accurately quantify the impact. Our findings highlight that understanding the food web ecology of the benthic ecosystem is crucial for understanding and predicting the effects of trawling on the seafloor. Work that promotes such understanding of the food web ecology seems a more productive research strategy than conducting ever more empirical trawling effect measurements.  相似文献   

Serum lipase activity in young dogs with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis     

Rallis TS  Koutinas AF  Kritsepi M  Moraitou KT 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(2):65-68

Blood serum lipase activity was determined in 48 young dogs with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis due to canine parvovirus (16 Cases) and presumably to other infectious agents (32 cases). Elevated serum lipase activity (> 500 U/L) was found in 13 dogs (27.1 %) with values ranging from 800 to 2,780 U/L. The hyperlipasemia of these cases may be attributed to acute pancreatitis secondary to acute gastroenteritis or to gastrointestinal upset.  相似文献