Inhibins are members of the TGFβ superfamily and act as suppressors
of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from pituitary glands
via a negative feedback mechanism to regulate folliculogenesis. In
this study, the INHBB gene was knocked down by three
RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen vector- mediated recombinant plasmids
to explore the effects of INHBB silencing on
granulosa cell (GC) cell cycle, apoptosis and steroid production
in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to
evaluate the role of INHBB in the mouse GC cell
cycle, apoptosis and steroid production in vitro. The
results showed that the relative mRNA and protein expression of
INHBB in mouse GCs can be significantly reduced by
RNAi with pshRNA-B1, pshRNA-B2 and pshRNA-B3 plasmids, with pshRNA-B3
having the best knockdown efficiency. Downregulation of the expression
of INHBB significantly arrests cells in the G1 phase
of the cell cycle and increases the apoptosis rate in GCs. This was
further confirmed by downregulation of the protein expressions of
Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and Bcl2, while the protein expression of Bax was
upregulated. In addition, specific downregulation of
INHBB markedly decreased the concentration of
estradiol and progesterone, which was further validated by the
decrease in the mRNA levels of CYP19A1and
CYP11A1. These findings suggest that inhibin βB is
important in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in
granulosa cells. Furthermore, the inhibin βB subunit has a role in the
regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Evidence is accumulating
to support the concept that inhibin βB is physiologically essential
for early folliculogenesis in the mouse. 相似文献
Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by‐products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by‐products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by‐products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by‐products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02–4.44% and 1.75–2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by‐products can be most suitable for TMR silage. 相似文献
This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.
Results
First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M2 medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10−9, 10−7, 10−5, 10−3 mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10−3 mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10−7, or 10−3 mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10−7 mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10−3 mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10−7 or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10−9 to 10−3 mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression. 相似文献
In soils developed from the red-earth deposits in the Cis-Ural region (Perm oblast), hematite does not ensure the theoretically possible redness due to the concealing effect of rivaling pigments, i.e., humus in the upper horizons and Fe(II) in the gleyed horizons. The soil color depends on the minimal (spring) values of the hydrogen partial pressure index rHmin rather than on the average value of this index rHav. The hematite content decreases in the gleyed and humus horizons (despite the absence of the morphological features of gley in the latter due to the concealing effect of humus). The gley horizons are heterogeneous with respect to the state of iron. Upon the maximum wetting in the gley horizons of the mucky-humus gley soil, hematite is being reduced to Fe(II), which is proved by the low values of rHmin (<19). In a less humified dark humus gley soil, the values of rHmin exceed 19, which points to the inherited gley features in this soil. In the mucky-humus gley soil, an inverse dependence between the magnetic susceptibility χ and EHmin is observed upon EHmin <320 mV. In this case, the degree of reduction of the highly magnetic iron oxides rises from 0.3 to 1.0 due to a decreasing portion of maghemite γFe2O3 and an increasing portion of magnetite Fe3O4. 相似文献
The selectivity of the Tamm and Mehra-Jackson reagents to iron (hydr)oxides was verified chemically by comparing the efficiencies of the two methods of iron extraction: parallel (commonly adopted) and sequential, i.e., by calculating the difference ΔFe = [Fedit ? (Feox(paral) + Fedit(seq))]. The expected equality of the extracted iron (i.e., ΔFe ~ 0) is rarely observed. A positive balance reaching ΔFe = (0.5?0.8)% predominates upon iron extraction from forest soils of the Cis-Ural region. This is probably due to the stable Fe(II)-oxalate forming in the course of the Tamm extraction, which is incompletely dissolved by the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB). On the contrary, a negative balance with ΔFe reaching ?0.4% predominates in the steppe soils of the Stavropol region. This may be caused by Fe(II) minerals (pyrite and siderite) acting as catalyzers in Tamm’s extract, while being weakly soluble in the DCB. To follow the additivity principle for the Tamm and Mehra-Jackson extracts, we suggest a modification of the Schwertmann criterion KSch = (Feox: Fedit(paral)), which sometimes exceeds 1, to KSchm = Feox: (Feox + Fedit(seq)), which is always less than 1. The values of the modified Schwertmann criterion better agree with the color of the Cis-Ural forest soils expressed in the CIE-L*a*b* optical system as compared with the initial Schwertmann criterion. In the steppe soils, the use of the modified criterion makes it possible to replace the illogical values of KSch = 1.11?1.37 by the quite acceptable KSchm = 0.68?0.83. 相似文献
New Forests - Plantations are playing an increasingly important role in providing forest products and improving the ecological environment, but they also face many challenges, such as low... 相似文献
1. A previous experiment reported that caecal temperature was negatively correlated with d 49 feed conversion ratio (FCR). This increased temperature in the caeca may indicate a prebiotic effect. An experiment was designed to investigate whether caecal temperature was affected in diets based on maize and whether other portions of the tract were affected.
2. A total of 25 Ross 308-d-old male broilers were allocated to each of 8 replicate pens per treatment. Treatments followed a 2 × 3 factorial design: two diets based on wheat or maize and three levels of enzyme addition, 0, 16 000 or 32 000 BXU/kg. Growth performance was assessed between d 1 and 49. Digestibility measurements were taken at d 28 and 49. On d 49, the excised small and large intestine of each bird was thermally imaged, weighed and volatile fatty acids (VFA) measured.
3. On d 28 and d 49, birds on the maize diets had higher feed intake and weight gain than those offered wheat diets. Additionally, on d 28, birds that received the maize diet had lower FCR than those offered the wheat diet. Enzyme improved FCR at d 49, independently of cereal. On d 28, enzyme improved the coefficient of apparent ileal DM digestibility and the coefficient of apparent ileal nitrogen digestibility. Enzyme only improved apparent ileal digestible energy in wheat-based diets (interactive term). On d 49, all digestibility parameters were improved by enzyme. Enzyme increased gizzard weight in maize-fed birds and the caeca of those fed wheat were heavier. The higher enzyme dose decreased duodenal temperature. In summary of VFA data, wheat-based diets produced more total VFAs and the total amount also increased with enzyme.
4. It appears from this study that there is equal potential in both wheat and maize diets for xylanase to improve performance of broilers probably through different mechanisms. 相似文献
This study evaluated the effects of the mode of transportation on weight and metabolism of young bulls, which are generally transported by two systems: droving and truck. This experiment consisted of two phases: transportation and refeeding and involved transportation by droving and truck. Fifty young Nellore bulls were separated in equal numbers in both groups, droving group and truck group. In the transportation phase, animals were moved, in a 640-km journey. The refeeding phase consisted of 84 days and commenced after the animals arrived at the fattening farm. The effect of the transportation system on animals’ weight, metabolic hormones, and serum biochemistry was assessed after 28, 56, and 84 days. During the transportation phase, animals in the droving group lost 10.11 kg and animals in the truck group gained 13.1 kg. The truck group showed 20.5 kg of weight gain at the end of the refeeding phase. The highest triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were observed on days 0 and 60 in the transportation phase in both droving and truck groups. The serum cortisol concentration was higher in the droving group than in the truck group on day 56 of the refeeding phase. The IGF-I concentrations were higher during the refeeding phase in the droving group than in the truck group. Our results showed that transportation by droving leads to increased weight loss and reduced further weight gain compared to transportation by truck and that serum concentrations of T4, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) hormones are altered by the transportation system. 相似文献