显性核不育油菜圆叶纯合两型系Gd1AB的选育   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王瑞  李加纳  唐章林  谌利  徐新福 《中国农学通报》2005,21(11):174-174

采用杂交、兄妹交和自交等育种手段，育成园叶显性纯合两型系Gd1AB。利用该两型系与花叶临保系进行全不育系制种，圆叶可作为苗期育性的指示性状，能有效地区别纯合两型系内可育株迟拔或漏拔而产生的杂株，从而提高全不育系的纯度。  相似文献   

水稻与高梁属间远缘杂交花粉管行为观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丘杰  杨必建  江良荣  黄育民  王侯聪 《分子植物育种》2005,3(6):835-840

水稻和高粱是禾本科的两个异属作物,因其遗传距离较远,杂交表现不亲和,结实率极低,难以获得种子.为初步了解水稻与高粱属间远缘杂交花粉管行为,探索该远缘杂交的发生过程,本实验以籼稻珍汕97A×珍汕97B和Ⅱ-32A×Ⅱ-32B两个组合为对照,对珍汕97A×晋江多枝高粱和Ⅱ-32A×晋江多枝高粱两个属间远缘杂交组合的花粉管行为作初步的观察与研究,结果表明晋江多枝高粱花粉粒能象水稻花粉粒一样在水稻柱头上正常萌发,花粉管在花柱及子房中生长与伸长,有些能最终到达子房的基部;同时高梁花粉管生长也出现诸如不能进入花柱、胼胝质不规则堆积、花粉管末端钝化等一系列的异常表现,致使不少花粉管停滞生长.  相似文献   

散叶烤房系列研究 2.装炕技术研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王学龙  宋朝鹏  潘建斌  宫长荣 《中国农学通报》2007,23(1):319-319

为解决散叶烤房烟叶堆放问题，采用插板式装烟法和自然堆积法研究了散叶烤房的装炕技术，结果表明：散叶烤房装烟时以自然堆积法，稍稍用力推挤，单层密度保持在75~85kg/m3为宜，并提出了相应的采收和装炕技术要点，即下部叶适时早收，中部叶尚熟至适熟采收，上部叶充分成熟采收。装炕时烟束要叠放整齐，叶片背面靠向界墙方向，正面面向装烟者，保持叶片与装烟板水平面夹角70~80°，一层靠一层。  相似文献   

软儿梨冷冻贮藏过程酚类物质与多酚氧化酶的区域化分布     

段瑞君  郑淑霞  王振辉  熊辉岩 《中国农学通报》2015,31(32):72-75

为研究冷冻贮藏中不同部位酚类物质和多酚氧化酶的分布特征,以青海省地方梨优良品种‘软儿梨’果实为研究材料,采用高效液相色谱法和比色法测定软儿梨果实后熟(室温)、冻藏(-18℃)和解冻(室温)3个时期的果皮、果肉中总多酚、绿原酸的含量和多酚氧化酶活性。结果表明:软儿梨果实后熟后,酚类物质果肉?果皮,多酚氧化酶则果皮?果肉;冷冻贮藏过程中,不同部位的酚类物质和多酚氧化酶均呈现不同程度的升高,但绿原酸在果皮急剧下降、果肉中略有增加。解冻后总体呈下降趋势,2个部位总酚、多酚氧化酶下降明显,而果皮中的绿原酸变化不大。研究表明:软儿梨果实后熟后,酚类物质和多酚氧化酶分布呈现区域化,冷冻贮藏加剧了酚类物质和多酚氧化酶活性的积累,导致了软儿梨冷冻贮藏后果皮先于果肉发生了褐变。  相似文献   

PTGS/ RNAi的作用机制及其应用     

梁燕  杨永政  陈大明  王鸣  陈杭 《中国农学通报》2005,21(12):31-31

论述了双链RNA对同源基因的表达进行特异性的封闭而引起的转录后的基因沉默（PTGS/ RNAi）现象, PTGS/ RNAi的作用机理，作用模型，参与这一过程的酶、基因、起始因子和作用因子，介绍了PTGS/ RNAi在基因组功能研究、基因的时空表达调控以及在作物改良等方面的应用。  相似文献   

不同品系小麦和小黑麦种子中金属元素含量的比较研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

吴兆明  王玉琦 《作物学报》1996,22(5):565-567

应用中子活化分析技术，分析了２５个品系小麦和小黑麦种子中的金属元素的含量。检测出１９种元素，其中必需的营养元素９种，重点比较了微量营养元素的含量。结果表明，不同品种上种子中元素一有较大的差异，表明在营养元素的吸收利用上存在着不同的基因型，本实验为有效利用土壤营养元素物小麦育种提供了选择基因型和进行筛选的依据。  相似文献   

Using midday stem water potential for scheduling deficit irrigation in mid–late maturing peach trees under Mediterranean conditions     

José Manuel Mirás-Avalos  Francisco Pérez-Sarmiento  Rosalía Alcobendas  Juan José Alarcón  Oussama Mounzer  Emilio Nicolás 《Irrigation Science》2016,34(2):161-173

Irrigation techniques that reduce water applications are increasingly applied in areas with scarce water resources. In this study, the effect of two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. “Catherine”] performance was studied over three growing seasons. The experimental site was located in Murcia (SE Spain), a Mediterranean region. Two RDI strategies (restricting water applications at stage II of fruit development and postharvest) based on stem water potential (Ψ_s) thresholds (?1.5 and ?1.8 MPa during fruit growth and ?1.5 and ?2.0 MPa during postharvest) were compared to a fully irrigated control. Soil water content (θ_v), Ψ_s, gas exchange parameters, vegetative growth, crop load, yield and fruit quality were determined. RDI treatments showed significantly lower values of θ_v and Ψ_s than control trees when irrigation water was restricted, causing reductions in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rates. Vegetative growth was reduced by RDI, as lower shoot lengths and pruning weights were observed under those treatments when compared to control. However, fruit size and yield were unaffected, and fruit quality was slightly improved by RDI. Water savings from 43 to 65 % were achieved depending on the year and the RDI strategy, and no negative carryover effect was detected during the study period. In conclusion, RDI strategies using Ψ_s thresholds for scheduling irrigation in mid–late maturing peach trees under Mediterranean conditions are viable options to save water without compromising yield and even improving fruit quality.  相似文献   

Measured and estimated water use and crop coefficients of grapevines trained to overhead trellis systems in California’s San Joaquin Valley     

Larry E. Williams  Matthew W. Fidelibus 《Irrigation Science》2016,34(6):431-441

The use of overhead trellis systems for the production of dry-on-vine (DOV) raisins and table grapes in California is expanding. Studies were conducted from 2006 to 2009 using Thompson Seedless grapevines grown in a weighing lysimeter trained to an overhead arbor trellis and farmed as DOV raisins for the first two years and for use as table grapes thereafter. Maximum canopy coverage for the two lysimeter vines across years was in excess of 80 %. Seasonal (15 March–31 October) evapotranspiration for the lysimeter vines (ET_Lys) was 952 mm in 2007 (farmed as DOV raisins) and 943 and 952 mm (when farmed as table grapes). The maximum crop coefficient (K _cLys) across all 4 years ranged from 1.3 to 1.4. These maximum values were similar to those estimated using the relationship where K _c is a function of the amount of shaded area measured beneath the canopy at solar noon (K _c = 0.017 × percent shaded area). Covering the lysimeter’s soil surface with plastic (and then removing it) numerous times during the 2009 growing season (1 June–14 September) reduced ET_Lys from an average of 6.4 to 5.6 mm day^?1 and the K _c from 1.07 to 0.93. A seasonal basal K _c (K _cb) was calculated for grapevines using an overhead trellis system with a 13 % reduction in the K _cLys across the growing season.  相似文献   

改进田间杂草识别图像预处理方法的研究     

张红旗  刘宇  王春光 《农机化研究》2015,(6):70-73

机器视觉系统采集到的田间杂草图像在分割之前,需要对图像进行预处理来改善图像的视觉效果。为了提高图像的预处理效果,针对杂草图像的特点,在多级加权中值滤波算法的基础上,增加3个不同大小尺寸的二维滤波掩膜,使得在去除噪声的同时尽可能保留了更多的细节特征,从而改善了田间杂草图像的滤波效果。  相似文献   

甜菜力学特性的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王方艳  张东兴 《农机化研究》2015,(9):206-210

甜菜的力学特性是机具研发的基础。利用英国Instron-4411型万能材料试验机,对"KWS3148"甜菜不同部位的试样进行压缩试验,分别研究了取样位置、加载速率和含水率对甜菜力学特性的影响,并得到收获期甜菜的弹性模量和抗压强度。试验结果表明:甜菜没有明显的屈服极限,破裂点较为明显;甜菜的力学特性受取样位置和加载速率的影响,且尾根处抗压强度最小;载荷加载速率对甜菜的弹性模量和最大抗压强度影响极显著,载荷位置对甜菜的最大抗压强度影响显著;随着加载速率的增加,同位置试样的弹性模量逐渐增大,最大抗压强度先减小后增大;甜菜的弹性模量和最大抗压强度分别随着含水率的减小而增大;弹性模量为(12.17±2.26)MPa,抗压强度为(2.6 7±0.3)MPa。  相似文献