Computational biology. Does it compute? Introduction     

Vinson V  Purnell BA  Zahn LM  Travis J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6078):171

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dSarm/Sarm1 is required for activation of an injury-induced axon death pathway     

Osterloh JM  Yang J  Rooney TM  Fox AN  Adalbert R  Powell EH  Sheehan AE  Avery MA  Hackett R  Logan MA  MacDonald JM  Ziegenfuss JS  Milde S  Hou YJ  Nathan C  Ding A  Brown RH  Conforti L  Coleman M  Tessier-Lavigne M  Züchner S  Freeman MR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6093):481-484

Axonal and synaptic degeneration is a hallmark of peripheral neuropathy, brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease. Axonal degeneration has been proposed to be mediated by an active autodestruction program, akin to apoptotic cell death; however, loss-of-function mutations capable of potently blocking axon self-destruction have not been described. Here, we show that loss of the Drosophila Toll receptor adaptor dSarm (sterile α/Armadillo/Toll-Interleukin receptor homology domain protein) cell-autonomously suppresses Wallerian degeneration for weeks after axotomy. Severed mouse Sarm1 null axons exhibit remarkable long-term survival both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that Sarm1 prodegenerative signaling is conserved in mammals. Our results provide direct evidence that axons actively promote their own destruction after injury and identify dSarm/Sarm1 as a member of an ancient axon death signaling pathway.  相似文献   

Health assessment of free-ranging and captive Matschie's tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus matschiei) in Papua New Guinea     

Travis EK  Watson P  Dabek L 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(1):1-9

Medical evaluations were performed on free-ranging and captive Matschie's tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus matschiei) in Papua New Guinea. The health assessment included physical examination, morphometrics, cloacal swab; and blood, hair, and feces collection. Radio-collars were placed on free-ranging tree kangaroos to determine home range and forest habitat use. The free-ranging tree kangaroos were lightly anesthetized with tiletamine/zolazepam for the data collection. A total of nine free-ranging and seven captive tree kangaroos were evaluated; medical samples were collected from six and five animals, respectively. Results of physical examination, anesthetic monitoring, serum vitamin, mineral, trace nutrient, and electrolytes, whole blood heavy metal analysis, mycobacterial screening, and fecal examinations are presented. Free-ranging tree kangaroos had significantly lower values for beta carotene, copper, selenium, molybdenum, lead, and arsenic and significantly higher values for vitamin E than captive individuals. Cloacal swabs were all negative for Mycobacterium avium via polymerase chain reaction. Some free-ranging and captive individuals had positive coprologic exams revealing Eimeria spp. oocysts and strongyle spp. type ova. These are the first medical and anesthetic data published on Matschie's tree kangaroos from Papua New Guinea.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a pour-on formulation of doramectin against lice, mites, and grubs of cattle     

Rooney KA  Illyes EF  Sunderland SJ  Sarasola P  Hendrickx MO  Keller DS  Meinert TR  Logan NB  Weatherley AJ  Conder GA 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(4):402-404

OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness of a pour-on formulation of doramectin against Damalinia bovis, Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus, Chorioptes bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Hypoderma bovis, and Hypoderma lineatum. ANIMALS: Cattle of various ages with naturally acquired or artificial infestations with 1 or more species of lice, mites, or grubs. PROCEDURE: In 10 louse and 6 mite studies, cattle were treated with doramectin (500 microg/kg, topically) on day 0, and parasite counts were performed approximately weekly from days 0 to 35. In 6 grub studies, cattle expected to harbor Hypoderma spp were treated before emergence of warbles. After warbles began to emerge, they were counted every 2 weeks, and grubs were collected and identified by species. RESULTS: Burdens of D bovis, H eurystemus, L vituli, and S capillatus on doramectin-treated cattle were 0 by 28 days after treatment. Burdens of C bovis and S scabiei decreased to 0 in naturally infested cattle and approximately 0 in artificially infested cattle by day 14 to 15. In grub studies, 107 of 136 control cattle had warbles, whereas 2 of 136 doramectin-treated cattle had 1 warble each, which represented a cure rate of 98.5%. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: One topical application of doramectin was highly efficacious against common species of lice, mites, and grubs known to affect performance, health, and appearance of cattle.  相似文献   

Results of single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy with an eight-hole iliac bone plate in dogs: 95 cases (1996-1999)     

Borostyankoi F  Rooks RL  Kobluk CN  Reed AL  Littledike ET 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(1):54-59

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility of single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy with 8-hole iliac bone plates in dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 95 dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and information was obtained on signalment; body weight; angles of subluxation and reduction prior to surgery; durations of surgery and hospitalization; postoperative mobility; severity of lameness, radiographic grade of hip dysplasia, Norberg angle, and femoral head coverage before and after surgery; time required for radiographic evidence of iliac healing; change in pelvic diameter; implant integrity; and complications. RESULTS: Mean age at the time of surgery was 10.8 months, and mean weight was 35.2 kg (77.4 lb). Prior to surgery, mean angles of subluxation were 2.2 degrees on the right and 2.6 degrees on the left; mean angles of reduction were 25.9 degrees on the right and 27.3 degrees on the left. Mean surgical time was 95 minutes. All but 1 dog were able to walk on their own by the fourth day after surgery. Mean hospitalization time was 7.5 days. Clinical signs of lameness and radiographic grade of hip dysplasia were significantly improved during follow-up examinations. Mean time for radiographic iliac healing was 8 weeks. None of the plates and only 7 of the 1,520 (0.5%) screws loosened after surgery. Nineteen dogs had complications, but all complications were minor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy with 8-hole iliac bone plates is effective for treatment of dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia.  相似文献   

Effects of a program of human interaction and alterations in diet composition on activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs housed in a public animal shelter     

Hennessy MB  Voith VL  Hawke JL  Young TL  Centrone J  McDowell AL  Linden F  Davenport GM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(1):65-71

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a program of human interaction or alterations in diet composition would alter activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in dogs housed in an animal shelter. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 40 dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were (n = 20) or were not (20) enrolled in a program of regular supplemental human interaction (20 min/d, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks) involving stroking, massaging, and behavioral training. In addition, half the dogs in each group were fed a typical maintenance-type diet, and the other half were fed a premium diet. Plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were measured during weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8 and before and after exposure to a battery of novel situations during weeks 0 and 8. RESULTS: Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly decreased by week 2, but plasma ACTH concentration was not significantly decreased until week 8 and then only in dogs fed the premium diet. Following exposure to novel situations, plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were significantly increased. However, during week 8, dogs enrolled in the program of human interaction had significantly lower increases in cortisol concentration than did dogs not enrolled in the program. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that both a program of human interaction and alterations in diet composition have moderating effects on activity of the HPA axis in dogs housed in an animal shelter and that activity of the HPA axis may be increased for a longer period during shelter housing than measurement of plasma cortisol concentration alone would suggest.  相似文献   

Are quasar twins an optical illusion?     

Travis J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5175):1036-1037

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The sounds of silence: chronology of despair     

Travis J  Cohen J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5126):1265

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Could a pair of cosmic strings open a route into the past?     

Travis J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,256(5054):179-180

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Construction and application of an avian intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte cDNA microarray (AVIELA) for gene expression profiling during Eimeria maxima infection     

Kim CH  Lillehoj HS  Bliss TW  Keeler CL  Hong YH  Park DW  Yamage M  Min W  Lillehoj EP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,124(3-4):341-354

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