First report of ophidiomycosis in Asia caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in captive snakes in Japan     

Yoshinori TAKAMI  Kyung-Ok NAM  Youki TAKAKI  Sho KADEKARU  Chizuka HEMMI  Tsuyoshi HOSOYA  Yumi UNE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1234

Ophidiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, which has been affecting wild and captive snakes in North America, Europe, and Australia. We report 12 cases of suspected ophidiomycosis in captive colubrid snakes in Japan. Pathological and microbiological examinations were performed, and the results confirmed the diagnosis of ophidiomycosis in two snakes, which indicated that the remaining sympatrically raised snakes also had ophidiomycosis since they exhibited similar lesions. This is the first report of ophidiomycosis in Asia caused by O. ophiodiicola. To prevent the expansion of ophidiomycosis in the natural environment in Japan, there is a need to evaluate the ophidiomycosis carrier status of imported snakes, the pathogenicity of the infection in native snakes, and the prevalence and distribution of O. ophiodiicola in wild and captive snakes. Measures also must be taken to prevent endemicity globally.  相似文献   

Propagation of Asian isolates of canine distemper virus (CDV) in hamster cell lines     

Serageldeen Sultan  Nguyen Thi Lan  Toshiki Ueda  Ryoji Yamaguchi  Ken Maeda  Kazushige Kai 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):38

Backgrounds

The aim of this study was to confirm the propagation of various canine distemper viruses (CDV) in hamster cell lines of HmLu and BHK, since only a little is known about the possibility of propagation of CDV in rodent cells irrespective of their epidemiological importance.

Methods

The growth of CDV in hamster cell lines was monitored by titration using Vero.dogSLAMtag (Vero-DST) cells that had been proven to be susceptible to almost all field isolates of CDV, with the preparations of cell-free and cell-associated virus from the cultures infected with recent Asian isolates of CDV (13 strains) and by observing the development of cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cultures of hamster cell lines.

Results

Eleven of 13 strains grew in HmLu cells, and 12 of 13 strains grew in BHK cells with apparent CPE of cell fusion in the late stage of infection. Two strains and a strain of Asia 1 group could not grow in HmLu cells and BHK cells, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates at the first time that hamster cell lines can propagate the majority of Asian field isolates of CDV. The usage of two hamster cell lines suggested to be useful to characterize the field isolates biologically.  相似文献   

Assessment of environmental nitrogen pollution load potential from sewage treatment water in the Tedori River Alluvial Fan Area, Japan     

Toshisuke Maruyama  Fumikazu Noto  Tsuyoshi Takahashi  Kimihito Nakamura  Takeo Onishi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2011,9(2):267-274

An evaluation of the nitrogen pollution load potential (NPLP) arising from several sewage treatment systems in the Tedori River Alluvial Fan Area was evaluated by determining the removal percentage of nitrogen as a result of sewage treatment and amounts of nitrogen lost from the different treatment systems. These data were applied to the entire area resulting in an estimated total NPLP of 734 t year⁻¹ (10³ kg year⁻¹), of which 548 t year⁻¹ discharges into the Japan Sea and so does not contribute to the pollution of the environment considered here. The residual 186 t year⁻¹ of the NPLP has a high probability of causing groundwater or downstream pollution, with 58% of the NPLP being contributed from septic tanks not connected to public sewage systems. Rural sewage system accounted for about 18% of the NPLP. Material directly flowing into the middle stream of the Tedori River together with sewage water from small companies and untreated sewage water from local family dwellings made up about 3–12% of the NPLP. To improve water quality due to sewage effluent, it is essential to increase the number of connections to public sewage systems from septic tanks.  相似文献   

Distribution and stem growth patterns of mangrove species along the Nakara River in Iriomote Island, Southwestern Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tsutomu Enoki  Moeko Ueda  Daisuke Nanki  Rempei Suwa  Akio Hagihara 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(1):51-54

We examined variations in stand structure and tree growth of a mangrove forest along two gradients: from the river mouth to upper stream and from the riverside to inland, along the Nakara River, Iriomote Island, Japan. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. occurred throughout the intertidal area, though Rhizophora stylosa Griff. and Kandelia candel (L) Druce did not occur upstream. Basal area and maximum tree height of B. gymnorrhiza decreased downstream. The growth rate in stem diameter of B. gymnorrhiza decreased downstream in relation with the soil salinity. The basal area and the maximum tree height of B. gymnorrhiza increased with the distance from the riverside. R. stylosa increased in stem diameter and growth rate toward the riverside.  相似文献   

Effect of timing and type of supplementary grain on herbage intake,nitrogen utilization and milk production in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture from evening to morning          下载免费PDF全文

Koichiro Ueda  Tomohiro Mitani  Seiji Kondo 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):107-118

The present study aimed to clarify the effect of timing and type of supplementary grain in grazing dairy cows on herbage dry matter intake (HDMI), nitrogen utilization and milk production. Eight lactating cows were allowed to graze from evening to morning during three seasonal periods (spring, summer, autumn). They were randomly allocated to four treatments (timing: pre‐ (Pre) or post‐grazing (Post), for large grain allotments consisting of 75% of daily grain offered; grain type: barley or corn) in 4 × 4 Latin square designs in each period. In the spring period, HDMI was greater for cows fed corn than those fed barley (P = 0.005), whereas cows in the Pre treatment had a similar HDMI, higher (P = 0.049) urinary purine derivative concentration and greater (P = 0.004) milk yield compared with cows in the Post treatment. In the summer and autumn periods, timing treatments did not affect HDMI, nitrogen utilization or milk production, but cows supplemented with barley had higher urinary purine derivatives concentration (P < 0.05) and milk yield (P < 0.05) compared with those supplemented with corn. The results indicate that large grain allotments immediately before evening grazing during early grazing seasons increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production without reducing HDMI regardless of grain type.  相似文献   

Involvement of circadian clock in crowing of red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus)          下载免费PDF全文

Shuichi Ito  Makiko Hirose  Mari Iwahara  Azusa Yatsushiro  Atsushi Matsumoto  Masayuki Tanaka  Chinobu Okamoto  Ken‐ichi Yayou  Tsuyoshi Shimmura 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):691-695

The rhythmic locomotor behavior of flies and mice provides a phenotype for the identification of clock genes, and the underlying molecular mechanism is well studied. However, interestingly, when examining locomotor rhythm in the wild, several key laboratory‐based assumptions on circadian behavior are not supported in natural conditions. The rooster crowing ‘cock‐a‐doodle‐doo’ is a symbol of the break of dawn in many countries. Previously, we used domestic inbred roosters and showed that the timing of roosters' crowing is regulated by the circadian clock under laboratory conditions. However, it is still unknown whether the regulation of crowing by circadian clock is observed under natural conditions. Therefore, here we used red jungle fowls and first confirmed that similar crowing rhythms with domesticated chickens are observed in red jungle fowls under the laboratory conditions. Red jungle fowls show predawn crowing before light onset under 12:12 light : dim light conditions and the free‐running rhythm of crowing under total dim light conditions. We next examined the crowing rhythms under semi‐wild conditions. Although the crowing of red jungle fowls changed seasonally under semi‐wild conditions, predawn crowing was observed before sunrise in all seasons. This evidence suggests that seasonally changed crowing of red jungle fowls is under the control of a circadian clock.  相似文献   

Utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard II: influences of pressing temperature and time on particleboard properties     

Sukma Surya Kusumah  Kenji Umemura  Ikhsan Guswenrivo  Tsuyoshi Yoshimura  Kozo Kanayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(2):161-172

Development of environmentally friendly particleboard made from sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid has recently attracted attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of pressing temperature and time on physical properties, such as dry bending (DB), internal bond strength (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of particleboard. Wet bending (WB), screw-holding power (SH), biological durability, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured under effective pressing temperature and time were also evaluated. Particleboards bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were manufactured as references. Effective pressing temperature and time were 200?°C and 10 min, respectively. It was clarified that DB, IB, and TS satisfied the type 18 requirements of the JIS A 5908 (2003), and were comparable to those of particleboard bonded with PF and pMDI. The WB and SH of particleboard did not satisfy type 18 of JIS. Particleboard manufactured under effective pressing conditions had good biological durability and low formaldehyde emission. Based on the results of infrared spectra measurement, the degree of ester linkages increased with increased pressing temperature and time.  相似文献   

Winter nitrate uptake by the temperate deciduous tree <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus serrata</Emphasis>     

Miki U. Ueda  Eri Mizumachi  Naoko Tokuchi 《Journal of Forest Research》2010,15(6):411-414

Winter nitrogen use in deciduous species is largely uncharacterized. We investigated nitrate uptake in the fine roots of a deciduous oak (Quercus serrata Thunb. ex. Murray). We conducted a ¹⁵N-labeling experiment using saplings of Q. serrata in the winter. During three weeks of labeled nitrate application, the concentration of ¹⁵N in the fine roots increased significantly. The amount of nitrogen absorbed, as nitrate, was 1.16 ± 1.02 mg N g DW⁻¹, equivalent to 7.6 ± 5.8% of the total nitrogen content. Our results indicate that Q. serrata saplings have significant potential for nitrate uptake in the fine roots in midwinter (i.e., in the absence of leaves). Although a significant amount of nitrogen applied as nitrate was accumulated, nitrate concentration in the fine roots remained low during the labeling period. Furthermore, significant nitrate reductase activity was detected. These data suggest that Q. serrata saplings can assimilate nitrate in the fine roots in midwinter.  相似文献   

Identification of bitterness-masking compounds from cheese     

Homma R  Yamashita H  Funaki J  Ueda R  Sakurai T  Ishimaru Y  Abe K  Asakura T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(18):4492-4499

Bitterness-masking compounds were identified in a natural white mold cheese. The oily fraction of the cheese was extracted and further fractionated by using silica gel column chromatography. The four fractions obtained were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fatty acid-containing fraction was found to have the highest bitterness-masking activity against quinine hydrochloride. Bitterness-masking activity was quantitated using a method based on subjective equivalents. At 0.5 mM, the fatty acid mixture, which had a composition similar to that of cheese, suppressed the bitterness of 0.008% quinine hydrochloride to be equivalent to that of 0.0049-0.0060% and 0.5 mM oleic acid to that of 0.0032-0.0038% solution. The binding potential between oleic acid and the bitter compounds was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry. These results suggest that oleic acid masked bitterness by forming a complex with the bitter compounds.  相似文献   

Molecular changes associated with adaptation of equine influenza H3N8 virus in embryonated chicken eggs     

Said AW  Kodani M  Usui T  Fujimoto Y  Ito T  Yamaguchi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(4):545-548

Embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) are routinely used to isolate equine influenza virus. Propagation of the virus in ECEs results in selection of variants. In the present study, we determined nucleotide sequences of entire coding regions of parent A/equine/Tottori/1/07 (H3N8) and its derivatives that have different passage histories in ECE. After 12 passages, nucleotide sequence analysis predicted 3 amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (HA; 2 in HA1 and 1 in HA2). The two amino acid substitutions in HA1 were located in the vicinity of the cell receptor-binding site. Three other amino acid substitutions were predicted in internal proteins, 1 in the M1, 1 in the NP and 1 in the PA. This is the first report showing mutations in the internal protein genes of equine influenza virus associated with adaptation to ECE.  相似文献