Malt hydrolysates for gluten-free applications: Autolytic and proline endopeptidase assisted removal of prolamins from wheat,barley and rye     

Sanna Luoto  Zhongqing Jiang  Outi Brinck  Tuula Sontag-Strohm  Päivi Kanerva  Maaike Bruins  Luppo Edens  Hannu Salovaara  Jussi Loponen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

Cereal based products intended for gluten sensitive individuals, particularly to celiac disease patients, tend to have poor organoleptic qualities and they contain low levels of healthy whole grain compounds. Adding whole grain ingredients, such as malt hydrolysates, could compensate these defects provided that the ingredients are adequately free from toxic prolamin epitopes. Here we demonstrate that the level of toxic prolamin epitopes in the malt autolysates (wheat, barley, rye) were substantially lower than in the native malts but too high to allow “very low in gluten” labelling. To further eliminate the residual levels of toxic prolamin epitopes, a proline-specific endoprotease from Aspergillus niger was added to the malt autolysates. In the resulting malt hydrolysates (of wheat and rye but not barley), the prolamins were indeed greatly reduced and were below the very low gluten limit of 100 mg/kg. Malt hydrolysates with adequately low gluten levels may potentially be used as novel ingredients within gluten-free foods.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of a reovirus from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Finland   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hollmén T  Franson JC  Kilpi M  Docherty DE  Hansen WR  Hario M 《Avian diseases》2002,46(2):478-484

Samples of brain, intestine, liver, lung, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were collected from five common eider (Somateria mollissima) duckling carcasses during a die-off in the western Gulf of Finland (59 degrees 50'N, 23 degrees 15'E) in June 1996. No viral activity was observed in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos inoculated with tissue suspensions, but samples of bursa of Fabricius from three birds were positive when inoculated into Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) embryo fibroblasts. The isolates were characterized as nonenveloped RNA viruses and possessed several characteristics of the genus Orthoreovirus. Virus particles were icosahedral with a mean diameter of 72 nm and were stable at pH 3.0; their genome was separated into 10 segments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings experimentally infected with the eider reovirus showed elevated serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and focal hemorrhages in the liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. During 1997-99, the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to the isolated virus ranged from 0 to 86% in 302 serum samples collected from incubating eider hens at three nesting areas along coastal Finland. The highest seroprevalence was found in Hanko in 1999, just weeks before reports of an uninvestigated mortality event resulting in the death of an estimated 98% of ducklings at that location. These findings raise the question of potential involvement of the virus in poor duckling survival and eider population declines observed in several breeding areas along coastal Finland since the mid-1980s.  相似文献   

Testing the usability of truncated angle count sample plots as ground truth in airborne laser scanning-based forest inventories     

Maltamo  M; Korhonen  KT; Packalen  P; Mehtatalo  L; Suvanto  A 《Forestry》2007,80(1):73-81

Airborne laser scanner (ALS)-based forest inventory method usuallyadopt a laser canopy height distribution approach in which forestcharacteristics are predicted using measures such as percentilesof the distribution of laser canopy heights across a fixed area.The method requires a ground-truth sample of accurately measuredfield plots. One possibility for reducing the costs lies inthe use of existing field plots for ground-truth purposes. Themost obvious alternative in Finland would be to use truncatedangle count sample plots of the National Forest Inventory ormore locally data of checking of inventory by compartments.Due to the lack of suitable angle count ground-truth data andcorresponding laser data, we tested this possibility using dataon fixed-area sample plots, in which tree locations were simulated.The trees for a truncated angle count sample plot were thenchosen and the resulting data together with the characteristicsof an ALS-based canopy height distribution were used to constructregression models to predict stem volume, basal area, stem number,basal area median diameter and height. The accuracy of the standattributes was found to be almost as good as in the case ofmodels of fixed-area plots.  相似文献   

Overview of methods and tools for evaluating future woody biomass availability in European countries     

Susana Barreiro  Mart-Jan Schelhaas  Gerald Kändler  Clara Antón-Fernández  Antoine Colin  Jean-Daniel Bontemps  Iciar Alberdi  Sonia Condés  Marius Dumitru  Angel Ferezliev  Christoph Fischer  Patrizia Gasparini  Thomas Gschwantner  Georg Kindermann  Bjarki Kjartansson  Pál Kovácsevics  Milos Kucera  Anders Lundström  Gheorghe Marin  Gintautas Mozgeris  Thomas Nord-Larsen  Tuula Packalen  John Redmond  Sandro Sacchelli  Allan Sims  Arnór Snorrason  Nickola Stoyanov  Esther Thürig  Per-Erik Wikberg 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(4):823-837

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Modeling fall migration pathways and spatially identifying potential migratory hazards for the eastern monarch butterfly     

Tracy  James L.  Kantola  Tuula  Baum  Kristen A.  Coulson  Robert N. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(2):443-458

Landscape Ecology - Identifying core migratory pathways and associated threats is important for developing conservation priorities for declining migratory species, such as eastern monarch...  相似文献   

Degradation of Secalins During Rye Sourdough Fermentation     

Kristiina Tuukkanen  Jussi Loponen  Markku Mikola  Tuula Sontag‐Strohm  Hannu Salovaara 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(6):677-682

Rye sourdough (RSD) gives rye bread mildly acidic taste and desired flavor. Flavor precursors (amino acids and small peptides) are generated in the proteolytic breakdown of rye proteins. Our aim was to study the protein degradation during RSD fermentations. Two sourdoughs were prepared of flours derived from two rye cultivars (Amilo and Akusti). RSD samples were collected during fermentations. Three protein fractions were obtained by sequential protein extraction and these were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. Free amino nitrogen (FAN) was measured with a ninhydrin method. In addition, two rye incubations without starter microorganisms (with antibiotics) were made at pH 3.6 and 6.1, and proteinase profiles of the rye cultivars were analyzed at pH 4.3. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed that during RSD fermentations, rye proteins, especially the alcohol‐soluble secalins, were degraded. Secalins also evidently degraded during the incubation without starter microorganisms at pH 3.6. Aspartic proteinases were in the major proteinase group in both rye cultivars. This study confirms that endogenous proteinases of rye, mainly aspartic proteinases, hydrolyze rye proteins, especially secalins, during RSD fermentation. Protein degradation in rye sourdoughs may thus be enhanced by selecting rye flours with high proteolytic activity toward secalins.  相似文献   

Microbial communities, biomass, and activities in soils as affected by freeze thaw cycles     

Hannu T. Koponen  Tuula Jaakkola  Minna M. Keinänen-Toivola  Saara Kaipainen  Jaana Tuomainen  Kristina Servomaa 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(7):1861-1871

Two Finnish agricultural soils (peat soil and loamy sand) were exposed to four freeze-thaw cycles (FTC), with a temperature change from −17.3±0.4 °C to +4.1±0.4 °C. Control cores from both soils were kept at constant temperature (+6.6±2.0 °C) without FTCs. Soil N₂O and CO₂ emissions were monitored during soil thawing, and the effects of FTCs on soil microbes were studied. N₂O emissions were extremely low in peat soil, possibly due to low soil water content. Loamy sand had high N₂O emission, with the highest emission after the second FTC. Soil freeze-thaw increased anaerobic respiration in both soil types during the first 3-4 FTCs, and this increase was higher in the peat soil. The microbial community structure and biomass analysed with lipid biomarkers (phospholipid fatty acids, 3- and 2- hydroxy fatty acids) were not affected by freezing-thawing cycles, nor was soil microbial biomass carbon (MIB-C). Molecular analysis of the microbial community structure with temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) also showed no changes due the FTCs. These results show that freezing and thawing of boreal soils does not have a strong effect on microbial biomass or community structure.  相似文献   

Enhanced separation and characterization of gluten polymers by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiple detectors     

Leena Pitkänen  Tuula Sontag-Strohm  Päivi Kanerva 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) coupled with refractive index (RI) and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detectors was used for macromolecular characterization of four different industrial wheat protein preparations (native, enzymatically hydrolyzed, physically separated, and denatured). The fractionation conditions were optimized separately for each protein sample and molar masses were determined from RI and MALS signals. Decaying cross-flow gradient seemed to produce best results for most of the gluten samples in terms of resolution and sample recovery. Sonication of the samples enabled the solubilization of the high-molar mass components with molar mass ranging from 8 × 10⁶ to 3.5 × 10⁸ g/mol. In case of lower-molar mass glutenins (α-gliadins, ω-gliadins, and high molecular weight glutenin subunits), AsFlFFF results were also compared with the results obtained with capillary gel electrophoresis.  相似文献   

Protection against potato virus Y (PVY) in the field in potatoes transformed with the PVY P1 Gene     

Tuula Mäki-Valkama  Jari P. T. Valkonen  Ari Lehtinen  Eija Pehu 《American Journal of Potato Research》2001,78(3):209-214

Lines of potato cv. Pito transformed with the P1 gene ofPotato virus Y (PVY^o) in sense or antisense orientation were evaluated for resistance to PVY in the field in 1997 and 1998. The transgenic resistance fully protected the crop from infection with PVY^o transmitted by aphids in both years. These plants were not resistant to the field isolates of the PVY^N strain group, which is in agreement with our greenhouse experiments. Consequently, several transgenic lines produced higher yields than the nontransgenic cv. Pito plants. These results showed that the P1 gene-mediated resistance provides significant benefits under conditions were the incidence of infections and damage by PVY^o are considerable.  相似文献   

Characterization of a common susceptibility locus for asthma-related traits     

Laitinen T  Polvi A  Rydman P  Vendelin J  Pulkkinen V  Salmikangas P  Mäkelä S  Rehn M  Pirskanen A  Rautanen A  Zucchelli M  Gullstén H  Leino M  Alenius H  Petäys T  Haahtela T  Laitinen A  Laprise C  Hudson TJ  Laitinen LA  Kere J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5668):300-304

Susceptibility to asthma depends on variation at an unknown number of genetic loci. To identify susceptibility genes on chromosome 7p, we adopted a hierarchical genotyping design, leading to the identification of a 133-kilobase risk-conferring segment containing two genes. One of these coded for an orphan G protein-coupled receptor named GPRA (G protein-coupled receptor for asthma susceptibility), which showed distinct distribution of protein isoforms between bronchial biopsies from healthy and asthmatic individuals. In three cohorts from Finland and Canada, single nucleotide polymorphism-tagged haplotypes associated with high serum immunoglobulin E or asthma. The murine ortholog of GPRA was up-regulated in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced inflammation. Together, these data implicate GPRA in the pathogenesis of atopy and asthma.  相似文献