Equine cutaneous non-neoplastic nodular and proliferative lesions in the Pacific Northwest     

Valentine BA 《Veterinary dermatology》2005,16(6):425-428

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Political ecology of exurban “lifestyle” landscapes at Christchurch's contested urban fence     

Kirsten Valentine Cadieux   《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2008,7(3):183-194

This paper examines the relationship of planning ideals of sharply defining edges between urban density and greenspace and alternative urban greening arrangements as they are manifested in a case study of exurban “lifestyle blocks” on the fringes of Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand. Exurban development outside Christchurch's urban growth boundary – called the “urban fence” – provides an example of tension between municipal attempts to curb sprawl and exurbanites’ desire to live in the dispersed settlements outside of urban boundaries. These struggles play out at different scales and in a range of different metropolitan contexts. This paper reports on the results of an ethnographic study of Christchurch urban fringe residents’ residential land-use narratives and practices. The paper focuses on landscape preferences and concerns of a sample of small-scale productive land users and explores the implications of their versions of urban greening in the context of policy visions for the urban edge. A political ecology interpretation highlights relationships in this case study between competing claims about fringe greening and fringe landscape practices. These contests over the landscapes of the urban edge illustrate ways that municipal and regional planning visions for the urban edge conflict with the ideals and practices of those residents and land use managers who might otherwise be some of the strongest supporters of urban greening initiatives. Competing discourses about the urban edge relate in different ways to concerns about abrupt urban containment and to practices that act on these concerns. I briefly discuss promising examples of edge greening in this case that may provide models for participatory management of contested and multi-use greenspace at the urban–rural fringe.  相似文献   

An outbreak of fatal herpesvirus infection in domestic rabbits in Alaska   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jin L  Valentine BA  Baker RJ  Löhr CV  Gerlach RF  Bildfell RJ  Moerdyk-Schauwecker M 《Veterinary pathology》2008,45(3):369-374

A herpesvirus infection affecting mini Rex and crossbred meat rabbits was identified in a rabbitry in Alaska. Illness affected over half of the 55 rabbits on the premises, and 16 rabbits died or were euthanatized because of illness. Disease affected all ages from adults to nursing young and occurred over an approximately 2-month period. Clinical signs included conjunctivitis and periocular swelling, ulcerative dermatitis, progressive weakness, anorexia, respiratory distress, and abortion. Hemorrhagic dermatitis and panniculitis were associated with epidermal microvesicular degeneration, dermal and subcutaneous vascular necrosis, and thrombosis. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions consistent with herpesvirus were found within the epidermis and superficial follicular epithelium and within mesenchymal cells within the dermis and subcutis. Syncytial cells containing viral inclusions occurred within the epidermal and superficial follicular epithelium. Other findings were hemorrhagic necrosis of the myocardium with rare intranuclear inclusions within stromal cells, multifocal pulmonary hemorrhage, hemorrhage with sinus erythrophagocytosis in lymph nodes, and massive necrosis and fibrin deposition within red pulp of the spleen. A virus isolated from the skin produced syncytia, intranuclear inclusions, and cell lysis typical of herpesvirus in rabbit kidney cells in vitro. The viral isolate was characterized ultrastructurally as an enveloped virus with icosahedral nucleocapsids 100 nm diameter, consistent with a herpesvirus.  相似文献   

Thrombotic endocarditis in 10 alpacas     

Firshman AM  Wünschmann A  Cebra CK  Bildfell R  McClanahan SL  Valentine BA  McKenzie E  Waitt L  Margiocco M  Sisson DD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(2):456-461

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Equine testicular tumours     

B. A. Valentine 《Equine Veterinary Education》2009,21(4):177-178

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Probing soil physical and biological resilience data from a broad sampling of arable farms in Scotland          下载免费PDF全文

B. S. Griffiths  P. D. Hallett  T. J. Daniell  C. Hawes  G. S. Squire  S. M. Mitchell  S. Caul  T. A. Valentine  K. Binnie  A. J. Adeloye  R. Rustum  I. Nevison 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(4):491-503

Physical and biological soil stabilities (i.e. resistance and resilience) were measured on a range of arable farms across eastern Scotland under a range of management practices, with the objective of using a geographically restricted set of soils under similar land use to detect any underlying associations between soil stability, management factors and soil properties. Data were analysed using a combination of a stepwise fixed effects model selection within a linear mixed‐model framework (LMM) and neural network analysis using a Kohonen self‐organising map (KSOM). In general, physical and biological measures of stability were associated with both physical and biological soil properties, particularly bulk density, water retention characteristics, soil carbon and bacterial community structure. A strength of KSOM is its ability to fit more flexible models than the linear relationships of LMM. However, a weakness is that it does not have the ability of LMM to model the sampling design, which is likely to lead to overstating statistical significance. Consequently, KSOM identified more significant associations between soil properties and stability than LMM, while the latter identified significant associations at the between‐farm level. The high‐level land management decisions of farm type (conventional, organic, integrated), crop type or underlying soil type were not associated with stability at this regional scale, thus indicating that the effects of different management practices between farms were overridden by the soil properties on each farm. Management decisions on improving soil stability therefore need to be taken at the individual field scale.  相似文献   

Effects of tillage method and crop rotation on non-renewable energy use efficiency for a thin Black Chernozem in the Canadian Prairies     

R. P. Zentner  G. P. Lafond  D. A. Derksen  C. N. Nagy  D. D. Wall  W. E. May 《Soil & Tillage Research》2004,77(2):125-136

Producers in the Canadian Prairies have begun to extend and diversify their cereal-based rotations by including oilseed and pulse crops, and by managing these newer cropping systems with minimum- and zero-tillage practices. This study examined the implications of these land use changes on non-renewable energy requirements (both direct and indirect), energy output, and energy use efficiency for monoculture cereal, cereal–oilseed, and cereal–oilseed–pulse rotations, each managed using conventional (CT), minimum (MT), and zero (ZT) tillage practices on a thin Black Chernozem in Saskatchewan, Canada. The crop rotations included: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–spring wheat–winter wheat–fallow (Ws–Ws–Ww–F), spring wheat–spring wheat–flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)–winter wheat (Ws–Ws–Fx–Ww), and spring wheat–flax–winter wheat–field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Ws–Fx–Ww–P). The findings, based on 12 years of data, showed that non-renewable energy use for the complete cropping systems was largely unaffected by tillage method, but that it differed significantly with crop rotations. Energy requirements were lowest for Ws–Ws–Ww–F (average 6389 MJ ha⁻¹), intermediate for Ws–Fx–Ww–P (11% more), and highest for the Ws–Ws–Fx–Ww (28% more). The substitution of pea for spring wheat in the Ws–Fx–Ww–P versus Ws–Ws–Fx–Ww rotation reduced total energy use by 13%, reflecting the minimal requirement for N fertilizer by pulses due to their ability to biologically fix N, and from the lower fertilizer N rate that was applied to spring wheat grown after the legume. The use of MT and ZT practices provided significant energy savings (compared to CT) in on-farm use of fuel and in machine operation and manufacture for some cropping system components (e.g., summerfallow preparation, spring wheat grown on pea stubble, and for pea grown on cereal stubble), but these savings were often offset by higher energy requirements for herbicides and for N fertilizer with conservation tillage management. Gross energy output averaged 32 315 MJ ha⁻¹ for Ws–Ws–Ww–F, 41 287 MJ ha⁻¹ (or 28% more) for Ws–Ws–Fx–Ww, and 42 961 (or 33% more) for Ws–Fx–Ww–P. Tillage method had little overall influence on energy output for the monoculture cereal and cereal–oilseed–pulse rotations, but it was generally lower with CT than with MT or ZT management for the cereal–oilseed rotation. Energy use efficiency, measured as grain produced per unit of energy input and as the ratio of energy output to energy input, was highest for the cereal–oilseed–pulse rotation (373 and 6.1 kg GJ⁻¹, respectively) and lower, but generally similar, for the cereal–oilseed and monoculture cereal rotations (298 and 5.1 kg GJ⁻¹, respectively). The use of conservation tillage management enhanced overall energy use efficiency for the two mixed rotations, but not for the monoculture cereal rotation. We concluded that adopting diversified crop rotations, together with minimum and zero tillage management practices, will enhance non-renewable energy use efficiency of annual grain production in this sub-humid region.  相似文献   

Anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses     

B. A. Valentine  M. B. Calderwood Mays  H. S. Cheramie 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(3):156-158

Information regarding signalment, clinical findings, treatment and outcome of 5 previously reported cases of anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses and of 5 additional cases are summarised. Age was recorded for 9 horses and mean age was 16 years, range 8–23 years. Gender was recorded for 8 horses and 6 of these 8 horses were male horses over 14 years of age. The most common coat colour was bay (6 horses). Other coat colours were palomino (one horse), chestnut (one horse) and black (one horse); coat colour of one non‐grey horse was not specified. Follow‐up information was available for 9 horses and only one horse, a palomino, survived more than 10 months following diagnosis and tail amputation. Surgical excision, including tail amputation and medical therapy with oral cimetidine, was not effective in non‐grey, non‐palomino horses. Tumour recurred on tail tissue remaining after amputation in 2 horses, widespread metastases were documented in 4 cases and metastasis was suspected at the time of death or euthanasia in 3 cases, including one case with amputation site regrowth. No subjective histopathological differences were detected in the palomino horse that survived as compared to horses of other coat colours. Findings suggest that anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses is most often a very aggressive neoplasm, but that there are rare exceptions.  相似文献   

Analysis and cytologic characterization of hemocytes from freshwater mussels (Quadrula sp.)     

Mary Jo Burkhard  Sarah Leavell  Rachael B. Weiss  Kody Kuehnl  Hope Valentine  G. Thomas Watters  Barbara A. Wolfe 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(4):426-436

Background: Freshwater mussels are among the most endangered taxa in North America and minimally invasive techniques to evaluate their health are needed. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a standardized approach for identifying and enumerating the cellular components of freshwater mussel hemolymph. Methods: Hemocyte clumping, total hemocyte count, and hemocyte morphology were compared in untreated hemolymph or hemolymph treated with formalin, sodium citrate, sodium heparin, EDTA, water, or l ‐cysteine. Morphology was then used to categorize hemocytes and perform a 100‐cell differential. Results: Treatment with formalin or >25 mg/mL l ‐cysteine reduced hemocyte clumping, although only formalin significantly increased the total hemocyte count. However, formalin also induced crenation that impaired hemocyte identification. Both EDTA and sodium citrate‐induced hemocyte degranulation while sodium citrate and >40 mg/mL l ‐cysteine‐induced cell lysis. Hemocytes could be categorized into 2 groups of granulocytes (eosinophilic or basophilic) and 2 groups of agranulocytes (large or small) for performing a cytologic differential. The differential was not significantly altered by anticoagulant treatments providing cell morphology was adequate for obtaining a differential. Eosinophilic granulocytes predominated (59%) with fewer large agranulocytes (27%) and basophilic granulocytes (13%). Small agranulocytes comprised 2% of the total population. Conclusions: No single treatment provided an optimal method to evaluate freshwater mussel hemolymph. Maximal hemocyte counts were obtained following formalin treatment. l ‐cysteine reduced clumping and maintained hemocyte morphology for performing a cytologic differential. These techniques provide a standardized approach for the hematologic evaluation of freshwater mussels.  相似文献   

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva in the Cat     

Beth A. Valentine DVM  PhD    Catherine George DVM    John F. Randolph DVM    Sharon A. Center DVM    Laurent Fuhrer DVM  MS  Kathy A. Beck DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1992,6(6):335-340

Clinical, radiographic, electromyographic, and pathologic findings in a cat with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva are described. The features of five previously reported cases of this feline disorder are also presented. This disorder affects young adult to middle-aged cats of both sexes. Characteristic clinical features include progressive stiffness of gait, with enlargement of proximal limb musculature. Radiography reveals multiple mineralized densities within the affected musculature. The clinical course is rapid, with development of severe disability within 2 weeks to several months. Electromyographic and pathologic findings suggest that this is a disorder of connective tissue, affecting primarily the epimysium, tendons, and fasciae, and results in marked proliferation of fibrovascular connective tissue, with associated chondroid and osseous metaplasia.  相似文献