The role of CITES in the conservation of marine fishes subject to international trade     

Amanda C J Vincent  Yvonne J Sadovy de Mitcheson  Sarah L Fowler  Susan Lieberman 《Fish and Fisheries》2014,15(4):563-592

All possible tools need to be marshalled for marine fish conservation. Yet controversy has swirled around what role, if any, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should play for marine fishes. This paper analyses the relevance and applicability of CITES as a complementary tool for fisheries management. CITES currently regulates the international trade of very few marine fish species, by listing them in its Appendices. After the first meeting of the Parties (member countries) in 1976, no new marine fish taxa were added to the CITES Appendices until 2002, when Parties agreed to act to ensure sustainable and legal international trade in seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) and two species of sharks. Progress has continued haltingly, adding only one more shark, humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and sawfishes by 2012. Parties voice concerns that may include inadequate data, applicability of CITES listing criteria, roles of national fisheries agencies, enforcement challenges, CITES' lack of experience with marine fishes, and/or identification and by‐catch problems. A common query is the relationship between CITES and other international agreements. Yet all these arguments can be countered, revealing CITES to be a relevant and appropriate instrument for promoting sound marine fisheries management. In reality, Parties that cannot implement CITES effectively for marine fishes will also need help to manage their fisheries sustainably. CITES action complements and supports other international fisheries management measures. As CITES engages with more marine fish listings, there will be greater scope to analyse its effectiveness in supporting different taxa in different contexts.  相似文献   

Evaluation of sunlight‐exposed pyrethroid‐treated netting for the control of face fly and housefly (Diptera: Muscidae)     

George W Peck  Holly J Ferguson  Jane T LePage  Vincent R Hebert  Sally D O'Neal  Douglas B Walsh 《Pest management science》2014,70(1):123-129

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Modeling phytophagous mirid nymphs in cool-climate vineyards     

Noubar J. Bostanian  Gaétan Bourgeois  Dominique Plouffe  Charles Vincent 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(1):13-22

In temperate regions, mirids may be occasional pests of vineyards where risk-averse growers use control measures. In that context, an optimal sampling scheme would allow determination of risk at minimal cost. A model driven by the accumulation of degree-days (DD) was developed to predict cumulative total captures of mirid nymphs (mainly the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)) at 5%, 50%, and 95%. The model was based on 23 data sets collected over 4 years in three vineyards in southern Quebec. Lower and optimum temperatures for development were set at 10^o and 32°C, based on experimental results and previous studies. Cumulative total captures at 5%, 50%, and 95% levels occurred, respectively, at 229, 331, and 479 DD for the first generation and 630, 806, and 1000 DD for the second generation. Paired t-tests and the forecasting efficiencies confirmed the reliability of the predictive model. The model indicated that monitoring for mirid nymphs of cool-climate in vineyards should be initiated at 200 and 500 DD calculated from 1 March for the first and second generations, respectively. Using the same lower and optimum temperatures for the development of mirids, another degree-day model was developed to predict grapevine phenological stages in relation to the modified Eichhorn-Lorenz system. Superimposing the mirid model over the grapevine model allows relating mirid total captures to grapevine phenological stages, and thus optimizing resources to monitor mirid populations in cool-climate vineyards.  相似文献   

Development and characterization of a new set of 164 polymorphic EST‐SSR markers for diversity and breeding studies in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.)     

Philippe Cubry  Valérie Pujade‐Renaud  Dominique Garcia  Sandra Espeout  Vincent Le Guen  Françoise Granet  Marc Seguin 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(3):419-426

Despite its economic importance and recent genome release, the need for molecular tools for Hevea brasiliensis is high. In the frame of a disease resistance study, EST sequences were retrieved from public database or generated by sequencing SSH libraries. Sequences were trimmed and microsatellite motifs searched using an ad hoc bioinformatic pipeline, and pairs of primers for the amplification of candidate markers were generated. We found a total of 10 499 unigenes from both sources of sequences, and 673 microsatellites motifs were detected using the default parameters of the pipeline. Two hundred sixty‐four primer pairs were tested and 226 (85.6%) successfully amplified. Out of the amplified candidate markers, 164 exhibited polymorphism. Relationships based on dendrograms using simple matching index and diversity statistics based on EST‐SSRs were compared with Genomic SSRs, showing the potentialities of EST‐derived microsatellites for resistance studies but also for population genetics approaches.  相似文献   

Analysis of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) to model Cryptosporidium in surface water sources     

Rory Coffey  Enda Cummins  Vincent O’ Flaherty  Martin Cormican 《Biosystems Engineering》2010,106(3):303-314

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Ranking temperate woody species along a gradient of browsing by deer     

Vincent Boulanger  Christophe Baltzinger  Sonia Saïd  Philippe Ballon  Jean-Franois Picard  Jean-Luc Dupouey 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1397-1406

As a result of diverse management policies, densities of red and roe deer have varied considerably for the last few decades in Europe. Their selective browsing on woody species can modify the interactions between competing species and thus change overall patterns of plant diversity in forests. However, no classification of woody species according to browsing by deer yet exists in Europe. The selectivity index, which measures the balance between availability and consumption of plant species by herbivores, could be used for such a classification. The aim of this study was, first, to rank woody species according to this selectivity index, then to test whether their rank changed when browsing pressure varied in space or time. We also explored morphological and ecological life traits (Ellenberg indicator values) that might explain differences in selectivity.In 2006, we re-sampled a network of 217 coupled floristic and browsing survey plots, which had been previously described twice (1976, 1981). The plots were located in the forest of Arc-en-Barrois (France), a large woodland area divided into a North and a South Forest which have had different histories of browsing pressure.For the three samples and the two forests, we calculated a selectivity index for 19 woody species. Dogwood (Cornus sp.) and field rose (Rosa arvensis) appeared to be the most selected species whereas beech (Fagus sylvatica), common mezereon (Daphne mezereum) and wild-service tree (Sorbus torminalis) were always avoided. The rank order of species according to their selectivity index remained stable over the three sample years and between the two forests (Spearman's rank correlations: ρ ≈ 0.8 spatially, and range from 0.3 to 0.8 temporally). This indicates that variations in browsing pressure did not strongly modify deer selectivity patterns. Selectivity was positively correlated with wood density and negatively correlated with maximum height of the species, but unrelated to other plant traits. Finally, selectivity can be seen as an intrinsic characteristic of those woody species, and could be used as an additional life trait when analyzing vegetation communities.  相似文献   

Revisiting two sympatric European seahorse species: apparent decline in the absence of exploitation     

I.R. Caldwell  A.C.J. Vincent 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2012,22(4):427-435

Advice in spite of great uncertainty: assessing and addressing bycatch of small fishes with limited data using Stellifer illecebrosus as a case study     

S. J. Foster  A.C.J. Vincent 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2012,22(5):639-651

Influence of nacre deposition rate on cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera using farmed donor families     

Carole Blay  Manaarii Sham-Koua  Vincent Vonau  Roger Tetumu  Philippe Cabral  Chin-Long Ky 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):937-953

Cultured pearl nacre deposition rate in Pinctada margaritifera oysters was studied to examine its influence on Tahitian classification grade and colour and to further our understanding of using selected donor oysters produced in a hatchery system for the improvement of these traits. A large-scale grafting experiment using 150 farmed donor oysters was realised in Rangiroa atoll (French Polynesia). After 18 months of culture, 874 pearls were harvested and 7 pearls quality traits were recorded: (1) nacre deposition rate assessed by nacre thickness and weight, (2) classification grade, lustre and surface defects, and (3) colour assessed by pearl colour darkness level and visual colour categories. Nacre deposition rate significantly influence pearl grade, surface defects, darkness level and colour categories, but not the lustre. Grade A pearls had the thickest and heaviest nacre on average, compared with grade D pearls and rejects. In addition, pearls without any surface defect had thicker and heavier nacre. Pearls with low darkness were the thinnest and the lightest. Pearls of aubergine–peacock secondary colours were the thickest and the heaviest. These results highlight the importance of rapid nacre deposition rate for increasing the production of grade A pearls, with less surface defects and dominance of a black tone colour. Fast nacre deposition may, however, have a negative impact on other pearl quality traits, such as pearl lustre. This study demonstrates the importance of examining relationships between pearl quality traits in a way that provides solid information that can be directly used for breeding and genetic selection programmes.  相似文献   

Camel Bites: A Case Study with a Summary of Current Epidemiology,Injury Patterns,and Treatment Modalities     

Vincent J. Calleo  Patrick O. Curtin  Amy S. Biondich 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(3):380-382

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