Antibody response of two populations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to koi herpesvirus     

S St-Hilaire  N Beevers  C Joiner  R P Hedrick  K Way 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(4):311-320

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to koi herpesvirus (KHV) may become persistently infected and populations containing such virus-infected individuals may transmit the virus to other fish when co-habited. Detection of virus-infected fish in a population is thus critical to surveillance and control programmes for KHV. A study was therefore designed to detect anti-KHV serum antibodies, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in common carp following experimental exposures to KHV under varying environmental conditions. The study determined that a proportion of fish within a population experimentally exposed to KHV (at least 10–25%) develop high antibody titres (1/1600 or greater) to the virus, and this immunological response was detectable for several months (observed at the termination of the experiments at 65, 46 and 27 weeks post-exposure). Furthermore, this response was detected in one population of fish that did not succumb to a high level of mortality when maintained at water temperatures that were non-permissive for KHV. Elevating the water temperatures to permissive conditions for KHV resulted in recurrence of disease despite the presence of anti-virus antibodies, suggesting that serum antibodies alone are not protective under the conditions of our trials.  相似文献   

Evaluation of formaldehyde adsorption by bamboo charcoal using a photoacoustic method     

Way Long  Haw Farn Lan  Yaw Fuh Huang 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(4):345-349

This study focuses on a novel, multipass, acoustically open photoacoustic detector designed for fast-response high-sensitivity detection of formaldehyde adsorption by bamboo charcoal in an ambient atmosphere. The detection range, estimated from formaldehyde measurements at a wavenumber of around 2805 cm⁻¹, is 0–2.0 parts per million by volume. In this work, photoacoustic (PA) detection with various bamboo charcoals was analyzed at our laboratory for the detection of a photoacoustic signal using a pulsed laser system and the comparative performances of the charcoals were studied. The PA system is applicable to pollution monitoring and detection of hazardous gases in an indoor environment.  相似文献   

Specific Replant Diseases of Apple and Cherry and Their Control by Soil Fumigation     

R. S. Pitcher  D. W. Way  B. M. Savory 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):379-396

The characteristics of the disorders here termed "specific replant diseases”' are briefly described and an account is given of a three-year series of field studies. The test plants used were of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) and cherry (Prunus avium L.), each planted in cherry and apple land; the fumigants chloropicrin, chlorobromopropene, dazomet, dichloropropane-dichloro- propene, methyl bromide and methyl isothiocyanate, were applied at various rates prior to planting. All effected some improvement in plant growth, but chloropicrin proved outstanding, the growth of cherries being increased up to threefold by rates as low as 10 gallons per acre. Results obtained with apple were less clear-cut, probably because apple replant disease proved to be of little importance on the experimental fields used. Although these were primarily fumigant-screening trials, it can be deduced that tylenchid plant-parasitic nematodes do not cause either apple or cherry specific replant diseases.  相似文献   

Two decades of sunfleck research: looking back to move forward   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RW Pearcy  DA Way 《Tree physiology》2012,32(9):1059-1061

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Roadside verges and conservation in Britain: A review     

J.M. Way 《Biological conservation》1977,12(1):65-74

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Constitutive expression of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from Stylosanthes humilis in transgenic tobacco leads to enhanced disease resistance but impaired plant growth     

Heather M. Way  Kemal Kazan  Neena Mitter  Kenneth C. Goulter  Robert G. Birch  John M. Manners   《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2002,60(6):275

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase cDNA (ShPAL), isolated from Stylosanthes humilis, under the control of the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus were produced to test the effect of high level PAL expression on disease resistance. The transgenic plants showed up to eight-fold PAL activity and were slowed in growth and flowering relative to non-transgenic controls which have segregated out the transgene. The expression of the ShPAL transgene and elevated PAL levels were correlated and stably inherited. In T₁ and T₂ tobacco plants with increased PAL activity, lesion expansion was significantly reduced by up to 55% on stems inoculated with the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae. Lesion area was significantly reduced by up to 50% on leaves inoculated with the fungal pathogen Cercospora nicotianae. This study provides further evidence that PAL has a role in plant defence.  相似文献   

Cyanide intoxication in sheep: enhancement of efficacy of sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and cobaltous chloride.     

G E Burrows  J L Way 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(5):613-617

For treatment of cyanide intoxication of ruminants, the present recommended doses of sodium nitrite (5 mg/kg of body weight) and sodium thiosulfate (25 to 50 mg/kg) are smaller than those recommended for other animals; the decrease is partially attributed to the greater susceptibility of ruminants to the toxic effects of sodium nitrite. Based on the high tissue concentration and activity rate of rhodanese in ruminants, sulfur donors such as sodium thiosulfate could be utilized more efficaciously. Doses of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate (up to 22 and 660 mg/kg, respectively) were evaluated in the present studies. Adjustment of the antidotal combination provided almost three times the protection afforded by the previously recommended doses. Moreover, under the conditions tested, the newly adjusted dose levels of sodium thiosulfate alone were more effective than the previously used antidotal combination of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate and this protective effect was enhanced by cobaltous chloride (10.6 mg/kg) or sodium nitrite. The present recommended therapeutic approach to cyanide intoxication in sheep should be based primarily on administration of a much higher dose of sodium thiosulfate in combination with sodium nitrite or cobaltous chloride (or both).  相似文献   

Rapport sur la Conférence consacrée aux prévisions et avertissements pour la protection des végétaux     

Dr J.M. Franz  Dr M.J. Way 《EPPO Bulletin》1977,7(3):595-600

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Determination and validation of volume to be instilled for standardized intra‐abdominal pressure measurement in dogs     

Leilani Ireland Way DVM  MS  Eric Monnet DVM  PhD  DACVS  DECVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(4):403-407

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Effect of repeated tractor wheeling on stress/strain properties and consequences on physical properties in structured arable soils     

R. Horn  T. Way  J. Rostek 《Soil & Tillage Research》2003,73(1-2):101-106

The discussion about the effect of repeated short time wheeling on long-term changes in soil structure and pore functioning reveals a great uncertainty. On the one hand it is told that soil structure elements are rigid and do not undergo intense changes in pore functions as a consequence of the short loading interval during each single wheeling. On the other hand, the complete deterioration of the structure elements and pore functions is assumed to occur, which also results in changes of the shrinkage pattern, soil strength including even strength regain. Consequently, the effect of wheeling on soil deformation and stress/strain distribution was investigated in a soil bin which contained Hiwassee clay at the NSDL, Auburn. If the soil is very strong due to aggregation, plow pan formation or dryness, soil stress applied by repeated wheeling results in an increased primarily vertical soil particle displacement in the Hiwassee clay soil while during repeated wheeling (up to 10×) a more pronounced displacement linked with a more intense movement of particles can be proofed. With increasing number of wheeling events, new platy or again coherent structure elements are formed, which create a very different pore system. The more intense is soil wheeling, the smaller is the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the higher is the unsaturated one at a given pore water pressure value. Such changes are the more pronounced the more completed is the rearrangement of the still existing aggregates into new units like plates. Due to shear because of the three-dimensional soil displacement even under dry conditions such aggregates can be redisturbed and a coherent but very compacted soil horizon can be formed. Under those conditions the values of bulk density are even higher than the Proctor density.  相似文献