大葱采种方式对分蘖率的影响     

贾雨  刘春影 《辽宁农业职业技术学院学报》2002,4(4):25-25

根据大葱不同采种方式对分蘖率的影响,提出大葱网棚采种方式隔离效果最好,宜用于繁育原种;应用隔离采种方式进行良种繁育时,隔离区必须超过1 000 m.  相似文献   

Sunflecks in trees and forests: from photosynthetic physiology to global change biology     

DA Way  RW Pearcy 《Tree physiology》2012,32(9):1066-1081

Sunflecks are brief, intermittent periods of high photon flux density (PFD) that can significantly improve carbon gain in shaded forest understories and lower canopies of trees. In this review, we discuss the physiological basis of leaf-level responses to sunflecks and the mechanisms plants use to tolerate sudden changes in PFD and leaf temperature induced by sunflecks. We also examine the potential effects of climate change stresses (including elevated temperatures, rising CO(2) concentrations and drought) on the ability of tree species to use sunflecks, and advocate more research to improve our predictions of seedling and tree carbon gain in future climates. Lastly, while we have the ability to model realistic responses of photosynthesis to fluctuating PFD, dynamic responses of photosynthesis to sunflecks are not accounted for in current models of canopy carbon uptake, which can lead to substantial overestimates of forest carbon fixation. Since sunflecks are a critical component of seasonal carbon gain for shaded leaves, sunfleck regimes and physiological responses to sunflecks should be incorporated into models to more accurately capture forest carbon dynamics.  相似文献   

Major long‐term changes in the ecology of the Ythan estuary,Aberdeenshire, Scotland; how important are physical factors?     

D. Raffaelli  P. Balls  S. Way  I.J. Patterson  S. Hohmann  N. Corp 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1999,9(2):219-236

1. Long‐term data sets on macro‐algae, sediment invertebrates, shorebirds and physical parameters are explored for the Ythan estuary, Scotland. 2. Coverage by macro‐algal mats has increased over the last 40 years with significant impacts on the distribution and abundance of benthic invertebrates and their shorebird consumers. Areas of the estuary worst affected by the mats now support fewer Corophium volutator, whilst the abundance of this and other species has increased in areas less affected by mats, possibly through enrichment by non‐local macro‐algal detritus. 3. Shorebird abundance increased between the early 1960s and the 1980s, possibly in response to enhanced invertebrate abundance in unaffected areas, but has declined since, as algal mats continue to spread. 4. The cause of the increased biomass of macro‐algae is contentious, but the present analysis shows that the increase is unlikely to be related to changes in the physical characteristics of the estuary, which appear to have remained fairly constant over at least the last 30 years. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Detection of Herpesvirus anguillae during two mortality investigations of wild European eel in England: implications for fishery management     

J. Armitage  N. R. Hewlett  M. Twigg  N. C. Lewin  A. J. Reading  C. F. Williams  M. Aprahamian  K. Way  S. W. Feist  E. J. Peeler 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2014,21(1):1-12

Herpesvirus anguillae (HVA) was detected during disease investigations of European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. at two stillwater fisheries in central England. These represent the first records of HVA from UK eels. Both mortalities were eel‐specific and took place during August 2009 and July 2010 at water temperatures between 17 and 19.4 °C. Pathological changes consistent with HVA infection included haemorrhaging in the fins, skin lesions and necrosis within the gills and liver. Transmission electron microscopy revealed active virion replication within the gill tissue. An initial assessment of risk is presented, indicating that HVA represents a high disease risk to UK eel stocks. However, further studies are required to establish the distribution of HVA before a reliable assessment of impact may be obtained. Until then, the detection of HVA holds important implications for eel conservation and management, in particular eel stocking activity.  相似文献   

THE LOCAL ANESTHETIC PROPERTIES OF ISONIPECAINE     

Way EL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1945,101(2631):566-567

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(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate induces Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis through inhibiting constitutive and IL-6-induced JAK/STAT3 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells     

Lin HY  Hou SC  Chen SC  Kao MC  Yu CC  Funayama S  Ho CT  Way TD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(10):2480-2489

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Activation of AMPK by pterostilbene suppresses lipogenesis and cell-cycle progression in p53 positive and negative human prostate cancer cells     

Lin VC  Tsai YC  Lin JN  Fan LL  Pan MH  Ho CT  Wu JY  Way TD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(25):6399-6407

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men in Western countries. Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of fruits and vegetables to a reduced risk of prostate cancer, and small fruits are particularly rich sources of many active phytochemical stilbenes, such as pterostilbene. As a constituent of small fruits such as grapes, berries, and their products, pterostilbene is under intense investigation as a cancer chemopreventive agent. Using the p53 wild type LNCaP and p53 null PC3 cells, we found that treatment with pterostilbene resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation, which suggested that the interaction of pterostilbene with the p53 might not fully explain its inhibitory effect on proliferation. In this study, we found that pterostilbene activated AMPK in both p53 positive and negative human prostate cancer cells. Pterostilbene-activated AMPK decreased the activity and/or expression of lipogenic enzymes, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Interestingly, the resolution between apoptosis and growth arrest following AMPK activation is greatly influenced by p53 status. In p53 positive LNCaP cells, pterostilbene blocked the progression of cell cycle at G1 phase by inducing p53 expression and further up-regulating p21 expression. However, pterostilbene induced apoptosis in p53 negative PC3 cells. Our results suggest that pterostilbene may be a functional chemopreventive agent and that dietary exposure to pterostilbene would be helpful for antiprostate cancer activity.  相似文献   

Vaccinia virus-induced cell motility requires F11L-mediated inhibition of RhoA signaling     

Valderrama F  Cordeiro JV  Schleich S  Frischknecht F  Way M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5759):377-381

RhoA signaling plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including cell migration. Here we show that the vaccinia F11L protein interacts directly with RhoA, inhibiting its signaling by blocking the interaction with its downstream effectors Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and mDia. RNA interference-mediated depletion of F11L during infection resulted in an absence of vaccinia-induced cell motility and inhibition of viral morphogenesis. Disruption of the RhoA binding site in F11L, which resembles that of ROCK, led to an identical phenotype. Thus, inhibition of RhoA signaling is required for both vaccinia morphogenesis and virus-induced cell motility.  相似文献   

Novel field sampling procedure for the determination of methiocarb residues in surface waters from rice fields.     

T M Primus  D J Kohler  M Avery  P Bolich  M O Way  J J Johnston 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(12):5706-5709

Methiocarb was extracted from surface water samples collected at experimental rice field sites in Louisiana and Texas. The sampling system consisted of a single-stage 90-mm Empore extraction disk unit equipped with a battery-powered vacuum pump. After extraction, the C-18 extraction disks were stored in an inert atmosphere at -10 degrees C and shipped overnight to the laboratory. The disks were extracted with methanol and the extracts analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a methanol/water mobile phase. Methiocarb was detected by ultraviolet absorption at 223 nm and quantified with the use of calibration standards. Recoveries from control surface water samples fortified at 5.0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL methiocarb averaged 92 +/- 7%. A method limit of detection for methiocarb in rice field surface water was estimated to be 0.23 ng/mL at 223 nm.  相似文献   

Isolation of a cyprinid herpesvirus 2 from goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), in the UK     

Jeffery KR  Bateman K  Bayley A  Feist SW  Hulland J  Longshaw C  Stone D  Woolford G  Way K 《Journal of fish diseases》2007,30(11):649-656

Haematopoietic necrosis virus [cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2)] was isolated during disease outbreaks in goldfish, Carassius auratus, at an ornamental fish retail site in southern England in 2004. Signs of disease included lethargy and inappetence and were first seen after water temperatures increased from 14-15 to 19-21 degrees C. External gross pathology included pale patches on the gills and skin and internally the spleen was enlarged, often with distinctive white nodules. The most prominent histopathological changes observed were necrotic lesions in the spleen and kidney and focal patches of necrosis in the gill lamellae. Necrotic cells often contained nuclei with marginated chromatin and pale intranuclear inclusions. Ultrastructural examination of the spleen tissue revealed typical herpesvirus-like particles measuring 100 nm in diameter. The virus was isolated from extracts of gill tissue in KF-1 cells at 20 degrees C and oligonucleotide primer sets were designed based on conserved gene sequences and used to amplify viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR assays were then used to detect the virus in DNA extracted from tissues sampled during earlier disease investigations at the retail site owner's holding facility in 2002 and 2003 and stored at -70 degrees C since then. Polymerase gene-specific PCR amplification products obtained from tissue samples and from the virus isolated in cell culture shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the published sequence for CyHV-2.  相似文献