Functional evaluation of the various calculation methods for precompression stress     

Jan De Pue  Gemmina Di Emidio  Adam Bezuijen  Wim M. Cornelis 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):459-469

Precompression stress (σ_p) is commonly used as an indicator for the load carrying capacity of a soil and its stress history. Several calculation methods have been proposed to determine σ_p, but they have proven to be not interchangeable. The aim of this study was to perform a functional evaluation of seven existing methods to test which method would be most recommended to assess soil strength in cultivated fields. This was achieved by investigating the relation of the obtained σ_p of undisturbed soil samples to other soil properties and stress history. Additionally, the robustness of the methods was evaluated by checking their sensitivity to perturbation of the measured strains. The two most commonly used methods, the Casagrande method and Gompertz model fit method, were found to be the least suitable to calculate σ_p. These methods lack robustness and do not yield a significant relation with the relevant soil properties or stress history. Better results were obtained with Intersecting linear regressions or at the inflection point of a fourth-degree polynomial.  相似文献   

Capnocytophaga canimorsus     

Wim Gaastra  Len J.A. Lipman 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(3-4):339-346

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium in the oral flora of dogs and cats. The bacterium is a zoonotic agent and has been isolated from humans, infected by dog or cat bites, scratches, licks or simply exposure to dogs or cats. Here the infectious agent, its pathogenicity and potential virulence factors, infection in animals and humans, diagnostic methods, prevalence, therapy and prevention are described. Suggestions for future research are given.  相似文献   

Effects of soil mechanical treatments combined with bramble and bracken control on the restoration of degraded understory in an ancient beech forest     

Sandrine Godefroid  Dennis Monbaliu  Wim Massant  Beatrijs Van der Aa  Bruno De Vos  Vincent Quivy  Nico Koedam 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(3):321-331

This paper describes the ground floor vegetation that developed four years after tillage implements in an ancient beech forest in central Belgium. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to explore whether tillage has a lasting effect on soil compaction and soil moisture as well as on vegetation characteristics; and (2) to analyse whether two distinct tillage treatments (rotary plough vs. disc plough), combined with vegetation control when necessary, have the same effect on soil compaction, soil moisture and plant establishment. Of the 29 species recorded, 15 showed a significant recovery after soil loosening in the studied forest area. Interestingly, different tillage treatments did not have the same influence on plant establishment. Treatment effects on soil structure and/or moisture status can be considered as causing the observed growth response.  相似文献   

Effect of Cropping System on Physical Properties of Clay Soil Under Intensive Rice Cultivation     

Linh Tran Ba  Khoa Le Van  Sara Van Elsacker  Wim M. Cornelis 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):973-982

Cropping systems are thought to alter soil quality in paddy rice fields. This study was conducted to quantify the long‐term effects of continuous crop production under different cropping systems with different crop rotations on physical properties of alluvial clay soil in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Soil samples were collected from four treatments: (i) traditional intensive rice monoculture with three rice crops per year (R–R–R); (ii) rotation with two rice crops and maize (R–M–R); (iii) rotation with two rice crops and mung bean (R–Mb–R); and (iv) rotation with one rice and two upland crops, mung bean and maize (R–Mb–M). We hypothesized that cropping systems with rotations of upland crops and their temporary beds improve the physical quality of paddy rice soil; hence, they are better options towards sustainable agriculture. Results show an improvement of soil physical quality for systems with two rice crops and one upland crop (R–M–R and R–Mb–R) and those with one rice crop with two upland crops (R–Mb–M) compared with intensive rice monoculture (R–R–R). This was translated in decreased bulk density and soil strength, increased soil organic carbon and total porosity, and higher aggregate stability index, plant‐available water capacity, and Dexter's S index, especially at depths of 10–20 and 20–30 cm. The systems with different upland crops (maize or mung bean) showed similar high physical quality improvement. To maintain soil quality in future seasons, introducing a cropping system with at least one upland crop in rotation with rice is recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Validation of the tetrasensor honey test kit for the screening of tetracyclines in honey     

Reybroeck W  Ooghe S  De Brabander H  Daeseleire E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8359-8366

Regarding anti-infectious agents, no maximum residue limits are fixed for honey in the European legislation. Discussions are being conducted in order to set working limits at the European level; for example, for tetracyclines, 20 microg/kg was proposed. The Tetrasensor Honey test kit is a receptor-based assay using dipsticks for a rapid screening (30 min) of honey on the presence of tetracyclines. The test was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The test detects tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in honey in a specific and sensitive way. Depending on the type of tetracycline, detection capabilities (CCbeta) between 6 and 12 microg/kg were obtained (4-7 microg/kg for dried dipsticks). The test is rugged and participation with the test in an international ring trial gave compliant results. It can be concluded that the Tetrasensor Honey test kit is a simple and reliable test that can even be used at the production site.  相似文献   

Comments to “Comparison of antibody responses after vaccination with two inactivated rabies vaccines” [Minke, J.M., et al., 2009. Vet. Microbiol. 133, 283–286]     

Saskia Van de Zande  Marianne Kaashoek  Wim Hesselink  David Sutton  Tom Nell 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):202-203

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In vitro culture of equine respiratory mucosa explants     

Vandekerckhove A  Glorieux S  Broeck WV  Gryspeerdt A  van der Meulen KM  Nauwynck HJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(3):280-287

An in vitro model of the upper respiratory tract of the horse was developed to investigate mechanisms of respiratory diseases. Four tissues of the upper respiratory tract of three horses were collected. Explants were maintained in culture at an air–liquid interface for 96 h. At 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of cultivation, a morphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The explants were judged on morphometric changes of epithelium, basement membrane and connective tissue. Viability was evaluated using a fluorescent Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) staining. No significant changes in morphometry and viability of any of the explants were observed during cultivation. Hence, the in vitro model may be useful to study infectious and non-infectious diseases at the level of the equine respiratory tract, with potential application to the development of vaccines and treatments for diseases of the respiratory tract.  相似文献   

Rhinitis/Bronchopneumonia syndrome in Irish Wolfhounds     

Clercx C  Reichler I  Peeters D  McEntee K  German A  Dubois J  Schynts E  Schaaf-Lafontaine N  Willems T  Jorissen M  Day MJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):843-849

This study describes the clinical, immunologic, genetic, and pathologic features of Irish Wolfhounds with rhinitis/bronchopneumonia syndrome. The dogs examined were from Belgium, The Netherlands, UK, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland. Signs included transient to persistent mucoid or mucopurulent rhinorrhea, cough, and respiratory dyspnea. Radiographic, rhinoscopic, and bronchoscopic findings were variable. Analysis of ciliary ultrastructure was performed in 5 affected dogs, but no characteristic primary ciliary defects (primary ciliary dyskinesia) were detected. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined in some affected dogs and clinically normal Irish Wolfhounds. Serum IgA concentration was below the reference range in 5 of 8 affected dogs tested, whereas BALF IgA concentration was above the normal range in 2 affected adult dogs. The CD4 to CD8 lymphocyte subset ratio (CD4:CD8) in peripheral blood was tested in 3 affected dogs and was within the normal range. BALF CD4:CD8 was tested in 1 affected dog and was higher than the normal range. Decreased neutrophil phagocytosis was observed in 1 of the 4 dogs tested. Analysis of pedigrees of the Belgian, Canadian, German, and Swiss dogs revealed common ancestry, suggesting a heritable syndrome.  相似文献   

Parasitology. Drugs to combat tropical protozoan parasites     

Gelb MH  Hol WG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5580):343-344

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Larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) in young cattle     

Casteleyn C  Simoens P  Van den Broeck W 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,124(3-4):394-397

This paper describes the presence of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the bovine larynx. A total of 15 bovine larynges were examined both macroscopically after tissue fixation in acetic acid and microscopically using histology. It was found that no paraepiglottic tonsil was present in cattle, although a few lymphoid follicles were present in the mucosa at the base of the epiglottis. This result is in accordance with previous reports. In contrast, numerous lymphoid follicles were seen in the mucosa of the epiglottis and the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages. This suggests that larynx-associated lymphoid tissue is present in cattle. Our observation could be of clinical importance, e.g. in the framework of the development of aerosolized vaccines.  相似文献