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The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed (nocturnal) emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13:00 and continued up till 23:00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 min later and gradually declined until 04:00. Although mating started immediately after darkness (i.e., 20:00), mating behavior was most intense from 23:00 to 03:40. Oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20:00 and 22:00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2–3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China. 相似文献
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Diego A. Carrero Daniel Melo Sandra Uribe Kris A. G. Wyckhuys 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):437-447
Throughout South America, the lonchaeid flies Dasiops spp. are important herbivores of passionfruit crops. However, little is known on the biology and ecology of these insects, resulting in inadequate pest management schemes. In this study, we describe Dasiops inedulis population dynamics in Colombian sweet passionfruit (SP; Passiflora ligularis Juss.) and elucidate biotic mortality factors at different fly developmental stages. From August 2009 to July 2010, D. inedulis and Dasiops spp. abundance was assessed through monthly McPhail bait trapping and collection of SP flower buds, flowers, and immature fruits. Mortality levels of D. inedulis were determined for early instar larvae by ovary dissection and for late-instar larvae or pupae by prey removal trials. Maximum infestation reached 80 % in fruits and flower buds, and bud infestation correlated with precipitation during the previous month. Two days after oviposition, 8.2 ± 2.3 (mean ± SD) Dasiops sp. eggs were found in SP ovaries and 4.4 ± 1.2 late-instar larvae were recovered from immature fruits at day 14. Upon larval drop on the orchard soil, 74.8 % larvae burrowed within the soil within 9 min, while 12.5 % larvae were attacked by ants. In-field mortality of young pupae amounted to 75.3 ± 7.0 %, with vertebrate predators likely causing 12.1 ± 6.0 % mortality. Late-instar larvae and pupae appear highly vulnerable to natural enemy action, with the ground-foraging predator community mainly composed of ants (80.37 %) and ground beetles (9.17 %). Our findings should help develop integrated pest management (IPM) tactics for SP crops. 相似文献
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Yanhui LuZhenbiao Jiao Guoping LiKris A.G. Wyckhuys Kongming Wu 《Crop Protection》2011,30(11):1455-1460
In northern China, Adelphocoris suturalis, Adelphocoris lineolatus and Adelphocoris fasciaticollis (Hemiptera: Miridae) are common pests of cotton and several other crops. These species have vastly diverse geographic distribution, seasonal dynamics and abundance, the underlying causal factors of which are poorly understood. In this study, the importance of a broad range of plant species as overwintering hosts for each Adelphocoris sp. was compared. Nymphal emergence from a total of 126 plant species was monitored at two distinct locations. The eggs of A. suturalis successfully eclosed from un-plowed cotton field soil and 115 plant species, primarily pastures, weeds and agricultural crops. The eggs of A. lineolatus successfully eclosed from 40 plant species, mainly pastures and weeds. Finally, A. fasciaticollis overwintered on 35 plant species, primarily tree species, weeds and agricultural crops. In conclusion, the most common and widely distributed mirid species, A. suturalis, overwintered on a comparatively broader range of plants compared to the other two species. These observations help to understand the differences in geographical distribution and abundance of the three Adelphocoris species, and constitute the basis for forecasting and pest management protocols for Adelphocoris spp. in China. 相似文献
15.
Local agro-ecological knowledge and its relationship to farmers’ pest
management decision making in rural Honduras 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Integrated pest management (IPM) has been widely promoted in the developing world, but in many regions its adoption rates
have been variable. Experience has shown that to ensure IPM adoption, the complexities of local agro-production systems and
context-specific folk knowledge need to be appreciated. Our research explored the linkages between farmer knowledge, pest
management decision making, and ecological attributes of subsistence maize agriculture. We report a case study from four rural
communities in the highlands of southeast Honduras. Communities were typified by their agro-environments, IPM training history,
and levels of infestation by a key maize pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith). Although variable, infestation levels generally did not justify pest management intervention. Consequently, crop
losses from this pest were considered of low importance and most farmers proceeded in a rational fashion by refraining from
action in their fields. Farmers attributed the low degree of pest infestation predominantly to abiotic causal factors (rainfall,
temperature). The role of natural enemies in controlling this pest (i.e., biological control) was deemed of low importance
by farmers; nevertheless, a broad array of such organisms was mentioned by farmers as operating in their maize crop. Farmers’
knowledge of natural enemies only partially matched scientific knowledge and was associated with the ecological features of
their respective field settings. Local knowledge about natural enemies was mainly restricted to abundant and easily observable
predatory species. Farmers who were knowledgeable about biological control were also familiar with a larger variety of pest
management alternatives than uninformed farmers. Management options covered a wide range of curative techniques, including
conservation biological control. Farmers who relied on insecticides to manage pest outbreaks knew less about biological control
and pesticide alternatives. In contrast, farmers who received IPM training mentioned more types of natural enemies and were
familiar with a broader range of alternative pest management tactics. Our research suggests that IPM training modifies local
knowledge to better fit its environmental context. This paper provides insights in the environmental context of local agro-ecological
knowledge and its linkage with pest management decision making. It also constitutes a basis for modifying IPM extension programs
to deliver locality-specific technologies while strengthening the local knowledge base.
Kris
A. G. Wyckhuys is a Belgian bio-science engineer and entomologist currently employed as postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minnesota.
For his PhD research at Purdue University he quantified social and ecological contributions to farmers’ adoption of insect
pest management technologies in Honduran subsistence maize. He has a keen interest in the ecological facets of IPM and biological
control, as well as in technological innovation in smallholder production systems, ethno-entomology and traditional pest management.
Robert J. O’Neil is a Professor of Entomology specializing in biological control, predator–prey dynamics, and implementing biological control
in IPM systems. His current work focuses on the ecology and management of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, an
invasive pest of soybeans in North America. 相似文献