Norsalsolinol uptake into secretory vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter and its secretion by membrane depolarization or purinoceptor stimulation in PC12 cells.     

Y Maruyama  Y Suzuki  A Kazusaka  S Fujita 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(5):493-497

The intracellular dynamics of norsalsolinol, a neurotoxin candidate causing parkinsonism-like symptoms, in PC12 cells was studied. We found that dopamine and norsalsolinol are co-localized to secretory granule layer by sucrose density gradient in norsalsolinol-treated PC12 cells. The norsalsolinol was actively taken up into isolated secretory vesicle fraction from PC12 cells with a Km value of 41.5+/-6.8 microM. The uptake of 10 microM of norsalsolinol was sensitive to reserpine (1 microM), an inhibitor of vesicular dopamine transporter, and dopamine, an endogenous substrate, but insensitive to GBR-12909, an inhibitor of dopamine transporter on plasma membrane. In norsalsolinol-treated PC12 cells, exposure to high K+ or ATP resulted in simultaneous release of norsalsolinol and dopamine. Time course of a release of dopamine and that of norsalsolinol evoked by 50 mM KCl or 100 microM ATP corresponded to each other. These releases were dependent on the concentrations of secretagogues. These data suggest that norsalsolinol is taken up with dopamine into secretory vesicle via vesicular catecholamine transporter.  相似文献   

The Effect of Exogenous Hormone Treatment on Spermiation in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry)     

I.-S. Park  G. C. Choi  D. S. Kim  Y. K. Nam 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(4):494-500

For the evaluation of hormonal control of spermiation in fish, a method to quanify the spermiation response of mature Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry) to hormonal therapy is described. Spermatocrit was determined after 7 min centrifugation at 18,000 ± g and sperm density was estimated by a standard hemocytomer method. Sperm density can be predicted from spermatocrit since their relationship is linear as described by the regression equation, Y = 3.68X - 27.18 ( R ² = 0.82, N = 50). where Y is spermatocrit and × is sperm density. Milt production by mature R. oxycephalus was highest at 24 h after injection of 1,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 50 μg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) per kg body weight. Increased milt production coincided with low spermatocrit and sperm density levels. These results demonstrate that spermiation in mature R. oxycephalus can be reliably evaluated by a spermatocrit method and that HCG and LHRHa are effective in stimulating of spermiation in this species.  相似文献   

Disappearance of acetic acid from the bovine reticulorumen at basal and elevated concentrations of acetic acid.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J P Peters  R Y Shen  J A Robinson 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(5):1509-1517

Disappearance of acetic acid was quantified to determine whether removal of this acid from the reticulorumen is altered when ruminal acetic acid concentrations are elevated. Ruminally fistulated beef steers (n = 3 per experiment; BW = 320 +/- 9 kg) were fed eight times daily a 46% corn-based concentrate:54% mixed hay diet to meet maintenance energy requirements (3.5 kg of DM/d). In situ production of acetic acid, determined by pulsed-continuous infusion of [1-14C]acetic acid, was 530 mmol/h (CV = 12%). Disappearance from the reticulorumen (i.e., presumed absorption) was 460 mmol/h (CV = 2%) or 87% (CV = 2%) of ruminal production. Variation is described within an operational steady state. Acetic acid concentrations were increased by continuous infusion of unlabeled acetic acid into the reticulorumen. Ruminal disappearance (mmol/h) increased when this simulated production was elevated up to and exceeding in situ rates reported previously (530 to 2,700 mmol/h). These data suggest that two-thirds to three-fourths of ruminal acetate production disappeared across the reticuloruminal wall when concentration was elevated; the complement exited from the rumen with the liquid phase. The reticulorumen has an additional capacity to remove acetic acid; however, it does so with an apparent reduced efficiency at higher production rates. Liquid out-flow may affect the efficiency of reticuloruminal disappearance. Sites distal to the rumen become quantitatively important when ruminal acetic acid concentrations are increased.  相似文献   

Morphological study on the stomach of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) with special reference to the internal surface.     

S Agungpriyono  Y Yamamoto  N Kitamura  J Yamada  K Sigit  T Yamashita 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(6):1063-1069

The stomach of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) was observed macroscopically. It consisted of only three compartments, rumen, reticulum and abomasum without omasum. The rumen was S-shaped with large ventral and caudoventral blind sacs and the reticulum was larger than the abomasum. Internally, the rumen was covered with numerous ruminal papillae even on the pillars and the ruminoreticular fold. These papillae were leaf- or tongue-like shaped and varied in size and density. The reticulum had honey-combed crests and the secondary crests were found rarely. The lips of the reticular groove were prominent and more developed in the aboral part than in the oral one. A sac-like transition zone, which had more prominent mucosal folds than had the floor of the reticular groove, was observed between the caudal end of the reticular groove and the abomasum. Mucosal folds of the abomasum were spiral, low but rather thick. These findings were discussed in view of comparison with other ruminants and of possible functional implications.  相似文献   

繁殖母猪的能量和蛋白质营养(续完)     

J.Noblet  J.Y.Dourmad 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2001,(6):18-21

泌乳母猪的营养　　 能量需要量和妊娠母猪一样 ,用于估计泌乳母猪能量需要量的基本数据见表 1。显而易见 ,最重要的变异因子是母猪的产奶量水平。母猪的产奶量很难测定 ,通常是通过窝增重来进行估计 (Ｎｏｂｌｅｔ和Ｅｔｉｅｎｎｅ,1 989;表1 )。引起泌乳母猪奶产量及进而引起泌乳母猪的能量需要量发生变化的因素可见Ｅｔｉｅｎｎｅ等 (1 999)及Ｎｏ ｂｌｅｔ(1 999)的综述。图 2所示为能量需要量随窝重增长而发生的变化。窝增重从每天 2 0 0 0克增加到每天3 0 0 0克 ,母猪代谢能需要量将从每天 80兆焦增至每天 1 0 5兆焦 ,或者说相当于常…  相似文献   

Effect of Split Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield of Wheat (T. aestivum L.) Genotypes with Different N-Assimilation Potential     

M. Z. Abdin    K. C. Bansal  Y. P. Abrol 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(2):83-90

A field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen regimes to assess the growth and yield performance of wheat genotypes which differ in nitrate assimilation potential. Genotypic differences in biomass accumulation were observed at different growth stages. The nitrogen treatment had little effect on biomass accumulation at early stages of growth, while at later stages of growth there was enhanced biomass accumulation when N was applied in more than two splits. On an average, genotypes with high nitrate reductase activity (the 'HNR' genotypes) accumulated 14.2 % more biomass than the genotypes with low nitrate reductase activity ('LNR' genotypes) when an extra dose (40 kg N ha⁻¹) of nitrogen was given at the time of anthesis. The application of nitrogen in more than two splits increased grain yield of both 'HNR' and 'LNR' genotypes mainly by increasing grain weight per ear. The application of an extra dose of nitrogen (40 kg N ha⁻¹) at the time of anthesis increased grain yield of 'HNR' genotypes by 38.5 % as compared to 'LNR' genotypes.  相似文献   

Landscape change under indirect effects of human use: the Savanna of Central Chile     

Eduardo R. Fuentes  Reinaldo Avilés  Alejandro Segura 《Landscape Ecology》1989,2(2):73-80

The Chilean Intermediate Depression to the north of Santiago has experienced a physiognomical transformation from a Prosopis chilensis woodland to an Acacia caven savanna. Today P. chilensis trees are scarce and belong mostly to the larger size classes. By contrast A. caven seems to reproduce frequently and its populations consist of individuals of all size classes. In this paper we document these changes and report the results of tests aimed at determining the causes of these physiognomical changes. We found that livestock, leporids, introduced Mediterranean forbs and agriculture account for differences in seed dispersal and survival of A. caven and P. chilensis, which can explain the documented changes in the Chilean landscape.  相似文献   

Skeletal muscle characteristics in young trained and untrained standardbred trotters.     

M Ronéus  B Essén-Gustavsson  A Lindholm  S G Persson 《Equine veterinary journal》1992,24(4):292-294

Muscle biopsies were taken from the middle gluteal muscle of 28 Standardbred trotters, 3-4 years of age. The 13 horses in Group T were trained consistently from 18 months of age, whereas the 15 horses in Group UT were not exposed to any systematic training before 3 years of age. Group T horses had a lower percentage of Type IIB fibres (31%) than did Group UT horses (39%). Citrate synthase (CS) activity, representing oxidative capacity, was higher in Group T (72 mmol kg-1 min-1) than in Group UT (47 mmol kg-1 min-1). Biopsies were taken from 4 horses in each group when they were foals and then annually until 3-4 years of age. Results from this study indicate that regular training of Standardbreds from 18 months of age resulted in increased CS activity and a decrease in the percentage of Type IIB fibres. This study shows that training, not growth, is the main factor that induces a high oxidative capacity and a high Type IIA/IIB fibre ratio in muscle of Standardbred trotters.  相似文献   

Examination of Spermatogonial Multiplication in the Bull using Whole-mount Seminiferous Tubules     

T. Tiba  S. Matsuzaki  Y. Kojima 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1994,29(5):458-468

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Effects of atherosclerosis on mean and daily variation of arterial pressure in conscious WHHL rabbits.     

S Katsuda  H Hosomi  M Shiomi  Y Watanabe 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(4):669-673

Effects of atherosclerosis on the mean value and daily variation of arterial pressure were studied in 12 Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits aged 12 to 35 months and 25 normal Japanese white rabbits aged 6 to 30 months. A pressure catheter was inserted through the left subclavian artery under pentobarbital anesthesia. A few days after the catheterization, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the rabbits, which were active and in a good state of appetite, was recorded by an analogue-to-digital converter every second for about 6 hrs and stored in a computer. The mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) in the WHHL rabbit, calculated from each successive MAP record, ranged widely from 85.8 to 131.4 mmHg and 5.6 to 12.6 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant correlation between M and SD in the WHHL rabbit. M and variance (V) of MAP in the WHHL rabbit were significantly higher than those in the normal rabbit. M did not show any significant change with increasing ages, whereas SD increased significantly with aging in the WHHL rabbit. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in the WHHL rabbit were 475 and 328 mg/dl, which were about nine and seven times as high as those in the normal rabbit, respectively. Macroscopic and histopathological examinations of the aorta revealed development and spread of sclerotic lesions with aging in the WHHL rabbit. We can conclude that development of atherosclerosis with aging in the WHHL rabbit causes malfunction of the baroreceptors, which contributes to hypertension and lability of arterial pressure.  相似文献