Effect of trehalose supplementation in milk replacer on the incidence of diarrhea and fecal microbiota in preweaned calves     

Hiroto Miura  Kazuhisa Mukai  Keigo Sudo  Satoshi Haga  Yutaka Suzuki  Yasuo Kobayashi  Satoshi Koike 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(1)

Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide consisting of d-glucose with α,α-1,1 linkage, was evaluated as a functional material to improve the gut environment in preweaned calves. In experiment 1, 173 calves were divided into two groups; the trehalose group was fed trehalose at 30 g/animal/d with milk replacer during the suckling period, and the control group was fed nonsupplemented milk replacer. Medication frequency was lower in the trehalose group (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, calves (n = 20) were divided into two groups (control group [n = 10] and trehalose group [n = 10]) based on their body weight and reared under the same feeding regimens as in experiment 1. Fresh feces were collected from individual animals at the beginning of the trial (average age 11 d), 3 wk after trehalose feeding (experimental day 22), and 1 d before weaning, and the fecal score was recorded daily. Fecal samples were analyzed for fermentation parameters and microbiota. The fecal score was significantly lower in the trehalose group than in the control group in the early stage (at an age of 14 to 18 d; P < 0.05) of the suckling period. Calves fed trehalose tended to have a higher proportion of fecal butyrate on day 22 than calves in the control group (P = 0.08). Population sizes of Clostridium spp. were significantly lower (P = 0.036), whereas those of Dialister spp. and Eubacterium spp. tended to be higher in the feces of calves in the trehalose group on day 22 (P = 0.060 and P = 0.083). These observations indicate that trehalose feeding modulated the gut environment and partially contributed to the reduction in medication frequency observed in experiment 1.  相似文献   

A Comparison of the Effects of Two Prey Enrichment Media on Growth and Survival of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis,Larvae          下载免费PDF全文

Maria S. Stein  Daniel Margulies  Jeanne B. Wexler  Vernon P. Scholey  Katagiri Ryo  Tomoki Honryo  Tsukasa Sasaki  Angel Guillen  Yasuo Agawa  Yoshifumi Sawada 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):240-255

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, survival, and standardized cohort biomass of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, larvae fed nutritionally enhanced prey during the first week of feeding using two commonly used, commercially available enrichment media, AlgaMac Enrich and Marine Glos. T. orientalis larvae exhibited exponential growth in standard length and dry weight. The daily specific growth rates in length and weight are the first reported for T. orientalis larvae and the averages ranged from 3.8 to 4.1% and 27.5%, respectively, for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 4.1 to 6.1% and 31.5%, respectively, in the Marine Glos treatment. Average daily growth rates in length ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mm/d for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 0.17 to 0.27 mm/d for those in the Marine Glos treatment. Daily growth rates in length were similar to those reported for other tuna larvae reared in the laboratory but slower than most published estimates for larval tunas in situ at similar water temperatures. Mean prey number per gut was positively associated with mean prey level in the tank. Both enrichment media appear to be good sources of nutritional improvement of planktonic prey for T. orientalis larvae.  相似文献   

Measurement of telomerase activity in bovine leukaemia virus infected cows     

Suzuki K  Shuto S  Miura Y  Sentsui H 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(1-2):142-146

Telomerase adds new telomeric sequences to the end of chromosomal DNA in order to overcome the end-replication problem. The upregulation of telomerase activity in tumours has been reported in humans and some mammals and is considered to be a tumour marker; however, such activity has not been investigated in cows. Therefore, we investigated telomerase activity in bovine leukaemia, the most common tumour in cows and its relationship with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection, which is the major cause of leukaemia. Telomerase activity was detected in 25 of 29 bovine leukaemia tissue samples. In peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from BLV-infected cases that did not develop the tumour, telomerase activity was detected in 11 of 71 cases (15.5%). When these cases were classified based on serological tests and the peripheral blood lymphocyte count, the telomerase activity was observed to be the highest in the seropositive, non-lymphoproliferative (PBL<8000 microl(-1)) cases (three of seven cases, 42.9%), and not observed in the lymphoproliferative cases (PBL<16,000 microl(-1)) except in one case. Although the precise pathogenesis of BLV-related diseases remains obscure, persistent lymphocytosis is considered as a pre-neoplastic state. In contrast, our results suggested that given the fact that telomerase activity indicates tumour development, the aleukaemic stage could be defined as the 'pre-neoplastic state'. In conclusion, similar to many tumours in humans, telomerase activity was detected in bovine leukaemia; further, this activity can be a potentially useful prediction marker for tumour development and/or a good therapeutic target.  相似文献   

Seasonal differences in rumen bacterial flora of wild Hokkaido sika deer and partial characterization of an unknown bacterial group possibly involved in fiber digestion in winter     

Hidehisa Yamano  Yasuhiro Ichimura  Yoshihiko Sawabe  Satoshi Koike  Yutaka Suzuki  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(6):790-798

Rumen digesta was obtained from wild Hokkaido sika deer to compare bacterial flora between summer and winter. Bacterial flora was characterized with molecular‐based approaches and enrichment cultivation. Bacteroidetes was shown as a major phylum followed by Firmicutes, with similar proportions in both seasons. However, two phylogenetically unique groups in Bacteroidetes were found in each season: unknown group A in winter and unknown group B in summer. The ruminal abundance of unknown group A was the highest followed by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in winter. Moreover, the abundance of these two was higher in winter than in summer. In contrast, the abundance of unknown group B was higher in summer than in winter. In addition, this group showed the highest abundance in summer among the bacteria quantified. Unknown group A was successfully enriched by cultivating with oak bark and sterilized rumen fluid, particularly that from deer. Bacteria of this group were distributed in association with the solid rather than the liquid rumen fraction, and were detected as small cocci. Accordingly, unknown group A is assumed to be involved in degradation of fibrous materials. These results suggest that wild Hokkaido sika deer develop a rumen bacterial flora in response to changes in dietary conditions.  相似文献   

Mean retention time of digesta in the different segments of the equine hindgut     

Makoto MIYAJI  Koichiro UEDA  Hiroki NAKATSUJI  Teruo TOMIOKA  Yasuo KOBAYASHI  Hiroshi HATA  Seiji KONDO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(1):89-96

Six Thoroughbred horses were used to determine the mean retention time (MRT) of digesta in the different segments of the hindgut. The horses were fed timothy hay or silage in equal amounts (1.6% bodyweight [BW]/day) every 3 h/day. Hay or silage labeled with the rare earth elements cerium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, lanthanum, samarium and praseodymium, were fed to the horses 36, 30, 24, 18, 12, 6 and 3 h before slaughter, respectively. Just after slaughter, digesta samples in the different segments were collected and determined for the contents of the rare earth elements. Using these data, a method to calculate the MRT in the different segments was proposed. There were no significant differences between diets in the MRT of each segment. The averaged MRT of hay and silage in the cecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon and small colon was 2.9, 3.1, 5.9, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 h, respectively. The dry matter weight of the digesta was related to the MRT in the right ventral colon (r = 0.94, P = 0.005), left ventral colon (r = 0.87, P = 0.03), left dorsal colon (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) and right dorsal colon (r = 0.95, P = 0.004), but it was not related to the MRT in the cecum and small colon.  相似文献   

Insecticidal and neuroexciting actions of DDT analogs     

Matazaemon Uchida  Hiroshi Naka  Yasuo Irie  Toshio Fujita  Minoru Nakajima 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1974,4(4):451-455

The neuroexciting activity of DDT and its analogs to produce repetitive responses on the nerve cord of Periplaneta americana was determined using the extracellular electrode method. The convulsive activity on P. americana and the insecticidal effect on Callosobruchus chinensis were also examined. It was found that the convulsive and insecticidal activities increase almost proportionally with increase in the neuroexciting activity within a set of p,p′-substituted DDT analogs. The intimate connections among these biological effects suggest that symptoms such as convulsion and death caused by DDT analogs are closely related with their neuroexcitory effect and there is a common mode of action in spite of differences in insect species.  相似文献   

Swim bladder inflation of white trevally,Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), larvae without air gulping     

Tomoki Honryo  Michio Kurata  Shigekazu Katayama  Osamu Takaoka  Yasuo Agawa  Yoshifumi Sawada 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):432-435

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Photoautotrophic cultivation of oleaginous microalgae and co-pelletization with filamentous fungi for cost-effective harvesting process and improved lipid yield     

Sirasit Srinuanpan  Benjamas Cheirsilp  Poonsuk Prasertsan  Yasuo Kato  Yasuhisa Asano 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1493-1509

Oleaginous microalga Scenedesmus obliquus SIT06 was selected as potential biodiesel feedstocks due to its high lipid content and suitable fatty acid composition for production of biodiesel with high oxidative stability and high cetane number. The important factors for cultivating microalgae in photoautotrophic mode were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The highest microalgal biomass obtained was 1.99?±?0.12 g L^?1 with a high lipid content of 40.86?±?0.32%. To simplify harvesting process of microalgal cells, pellet-forming filamentous fungi were inoculated into the late log-phase of microalgae culture. Among the fungi tested, Cunninghamella echinulata TPU 4652 most effectively harvested the microalgal cells with the highest flocculation efficiency of 92.7%. Moreover, the biomass and lipids of microalgae-fungi pellets were as high as 4.45?±?0.06 and 1.21?±?0.08 g L^?1, respectively. The extracted lipids were mainly composed of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1, and their estimated fuel properties meet with the international standards indicating their potential use as biodiesel feedstocks. This study has shown the strategies not only to simplify the harvesting process but also to increase the lipid yield and tailor the lipid composition.  相似文献   

Development of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of skin fluke <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neobenedenia girellae</Emphasis> larvae from environmental water     

Yasuo Agawa  Kazuki Tani  Syuhei Yamamoto  Chihaya Hirano  Sho Shirakashi 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(5):827-833

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Disparities in activity levels and learning ability between Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) and Roborovskii hamster (Phodopus roborovskii)          下载免费PDF全文

Hiromi Ikeda  Mao Nagasawa  Takeshi Yamaguchi  Kimie Minaminaka  Ryosei Goda  Vishwajit S. Chowdhury  Shinobu Yasuo  Mitsuhiro Furuse 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):533-545

The Djungarian hamster and the Roborovskii hamster belong to the same genus of Phodopus. However, the Djungarian hamster is tame and shows sedative behavior, while Roborovskii hamster is not tame and shows high levels of locomotor activity. Hyperactivity occurs in animals with tameless behavior. Tameness or tamelessness behavior is very important because tameness helps for breeding and controlling as well as it enables a strong human‐animal bond. In the present study, we examined the relationships between activity levels and cognitive function in Djungarian and Roborovskii hamsters. Three types of behavioral tests were performed to analyze their activity levels, memory and leaning ability. The levels of L‐ and D‐amino acids and monoamines in the brain were then determined. Roborovskii hamsters showed significantly higher locomotor activity than Djungarian hamsters. Memory ability was not significantly different between the two hamsters, but Roborovskii hamsters showed lower learning ability. Brain levels of D‐serine which is related to enhancement in memory and learning ability, were significantly higher in Djungarian hamsters, but the reverse was true for brain dopamine and serotonin levels. These results suggest that these differences in brain metabolism may be related to the behavioral differences between the two hamsters.  相似文献