Use of a no prism total station for field measurements in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. stands in China     

Fei Yan  Mohammad Rahmat Ullah  Yinxi Gong  Zhongke Feng  Yusuf Chowdury  Lulu Wu 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,113(3):259-265

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Molecular characterization of the wild relatives of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Turkey as revealed by ISSRs     

Hümeyra Yaman  Burcu Tarıkahya-Hacıoğlu  Yusuf Arslan  İlhan Subaşı 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(3):595-602

In the present study, we used 39 plant samples representing six Carthamus taxa collected from different regions of Turkey: 11 of C. dentatus, 5 of C. glaucus, 18 of C. lanatus, 3 of C. persicus, 1 of C. tenuis subsp. tenuis and 1 of C. tenuis subsp. gracillimus. On these samples, we screened nine ISSR markers for polymorphic products. We generated 151 polymorphic bands. In a dendrogram based on these ISSR bands, the first branch was C. tenuis subsp. gracillimus, then C. persicus formed the second group. The rest of the taxa were grouped in two clusters: the first included C. lanatus, C. tenuis subsp. tenuis and C. glaucus, and the second included C. dentatus. Within the first cluster, C. tenuis subsp. tenuis and C. glaucus grouped together and then united to C. lanatus. Representatives of the same taxa consistently clustered together. Also within species, the groupings were generally concordant with their geographical distributions.  相似文献   

Assessment of genetic diversity among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars from a range of localities across Pakistan using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis     

Muhammad Shahid Mukhtar  Mehboob-ur Rahmanw  Yusuf Zafar 《Euphytica》2002,128(3):417-425

Genetic diversity among 20 wheat genotypes/cultivars from diverse locations of Pakistan was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 445 DNA fragments were amplified with50 random decamer primers 64.38% of which were polymorphic. Genetic similarity matrix based on Nei & Li's (1979) index detected coefficients ranging from 75.60% to 92.74%. These coefficients were used to construct a dendrogram using unweighted pair group of arithmetic means (UPGMA). The wheat genotypes were clustered into one major group (A) and two small groups (B and C). The most distant genotype in the dendrogram was PARC-1 that was 75.60% to 84.94% genetically similar with the other genotypes and clustered with PARC-3 which formed a group distantly related with the other clusters. Moreover, most of the wheat genotypes developed from the same breeding centre clustered in one group. It has been clearly shown that most of the cultivars except PARC-1possessed narrow genetic background. The information would be helpful for future genome mapping programs as well as for the application of intellectual breeder rights in the country. The study will also work as indicator for wheat breeders to evolve varieties with diverse genetic background to achieve sustainability in wheat production in the country. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Antimycotic activities of selected plant flora,growing wild in Lebanon,against phytopathogenic fungi     

Abou-Jawdah Y  Sobh H  Salameh A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3208-3213

Petroleum ether (PE) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. The efficacy of PE extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. Wild marjoram (Origanum syriacum) PE extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. It resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germination of the six fungi included in the assay, namely, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, and Verticillium dahlia. The other plant extracts showed differential activities in the spore germination test, but none was highly active against mycelial growth. Inula viscosa and Mentha longifolia were highly effective (>88%) in spore germination tests against five of six fungi tested, whereas Centaurea pallescens, Cichorium intybus, Eryngium creticum, Salvia fruticosa, and Melia azedarach showed >95% inhibition of spore germination in at least two fungi. Foeniculum vulgare showed the least antimycotic activity. Fractionation followed by autobiography on TLC plates using Cladosporium sp. as a test organism showed that O. syriacum PE extracts contained three inhibition zones, and those of Inula viscosa and Cichorium intybus, two, whereas the PE extracts of the remaining plants showed each one inhibition zone. Some of the major compounds present in these inhibition zones were identified by GC-MS. The possibility for using these extracts, or their mixtures, to control plant diseases is discussed.  相似文献   

Root traits of different crops under rainfed conditions in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh     

M. Yusuf Ali  Selim Ahmed  Chris Johansen  David Harris  J. V. D. K. Kumar Rao 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(2):296-302

Root traits of six different crops grown on residual soil moisture in the post–rainy season in the High Barind Tract (HBT) of Bangladesh were investigated to better understand their adaptation to this moisture‐limited environment. Deep‐rooting chickpea is the currently favored rainfed crop grown after rainy‐season rice in the HBT, but it is necessary to identify alternative crops to chickpea in order to avoid buildup of pests and diseases. Averaged over 2 y, barley (1.72 Mg ha^–1) produced significantly more grain than chickpea (1.4 Mg ha^–1) which, in turn, yielded better than linseed (1.0 Mg ha^–1), wheat (0.93 Mg ha^–1), and mustard (0.77 Mg ha^–1). Lentil did not produce any grain at all. Grain yield for all crops increased as total root length increased above a threshold value of 0.05 to 0.1 km m^–2. In general, grain yield increased as the proportion of total root produced below 60 cm depth increased, although barley also had thin roots that could more effectively extract soil moisture. Expression of root traits varied considerably between seasons, which was attributable to the different rainfall patterns and bulk‐density characteristics of the soil profile in the 2 years of the study. Although favorable root traits, particularly rooting ability below 60 cm, are a prerequisite for acceptable yield levels of crops grown on residual soil moisture in the HBT, it is recognized that farmers' choice of a post‐rice crop will depend on its economic return or food‐security value.  相似文献   

Comparison in Effect of Heatsynch with Heat Detection Aids and CIDR‐Heatsynch in Dairy Heifers     

M Yusuf  T Nakao  C Yoshida  ST Long  S Fujita  Y Inayoshi  T Furuya 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(3):500-504

The objective of the present study was to determine whether oestrous detection with the help of oestrous detection aids during the Heatsynch without timed AI protocol is equally effective with the progesterone‐combined protocol in dairy heifers. A total of 148 heifers were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. A group of heifers treated with Heatsynch with heat detection aids (n = 72) received GnRH on day 0, prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) on day 7 and oestradiol benzoate (EB) on day 8, while in controlled internal drug release (CIDR)‐Heatsynch group (n = 76), CIDR was included during a period from GnRH to PGF_2α. Heifers were checked for oestrus twice daily, i.e. from 09:00 to 10:00 hours and from 15:00 to 16:00 hours starting on day 2 for Heatsynch group and on day 8 in CIDR‐Heatsynch group, and continued up to day 12. KAMAR^®heat mount detector (KAMAR^® Inc., Steamboat Springs, CO, USA) and ALL‐WEATHER^® PAINTSTIK^® (LA‐CO Industries Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA) were used as heat detection aids. AI was conducted within 1 h after confirming oestrus in 72 heifers, while 19 animals were transferred with embryo 7 days after oestrus according to the request of the owners. Premature oestrus before PGF_2α injection occurred in 18% of Heatsynch group. Of 13 heifers which showed premature oestrus, six were inseminated and two of them conceived. Oestrus detection rate within 12 days after initiation of the protocols did not differ between the two groups (94% vs 95%). There was no difference in the conception rate after first AI (including heifers that were inseminated before PGF_2α injection) and embryo transfer between Heatsynch with heat detection aids and CIDR‐Heatsynch groups (36% vs 44% and 70% vs 56%). It is concluded that the use of heat detection aids to monitor the occurrence of premature oestrus prior to PGF_2α injection in Heatsynch protocol in dairy heifers was equally effective to the inclusion of CIDR.  相似文献   

Effect of different avian egg yolk types on fertilization ability of cryopreserved common carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa     

Yusuf Bozkurt  İlker Yavaş  Cengiz Yıldız 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):131-139

In spite of the fact that egg yolk from different avian species has successfully been used as an additive for the cryopreservation of sperm in mammalian species, its efficacy for cryopreserving fish sperm has not previously been tested comparatively. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of egg yolks from different avian species, namely domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and quail (Coturnix coturnix), on post-thaw motility and fertilization ability of cryopreserved common carp spermatozoa. Egg yolks from chicken, turkey and quail were analysed for moisture, total fat, protein, cholesterol and phospholipid profile. Total fat and cholesterol contents of the turkey egg yolk were higher than chicken and quail egg yolks (p < 0.05). Semen was frozen according to conventional slow freezing procedure. The extender contained 350 mM glucose, 30 mM Tris and 5 % glycerol supplemented with different ratios of avian egg yolk (10, 15 and 20 %). Semen was equilibrated at 4 °C for 15 min and placed into 0.25-ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour (for 10 min at ?120 °C) and finally stored in liquid nitrogen (?196 °C) tank. The frozen spermatozoa were thawed in a water bath at 35 °C for 30 s. Fertilization was conducted using a ratio of 1 × 10⁵ spermatozoa/egg. Cryopreservation experiments resulted in higher post-thaw motility and fertilization rates. Mean post-thaw motility of cryopreserved spermatozoa was between 45 and 80 %, and fertilization rates, expressed as the percentage of eyed embryos, ranged from 70 to 95 %. In conclusion, the present study showed that turkey and quail egg yolks are suitable alternatives to the chicken egg yolk for the cryopreservation of common carp spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Maize and pea germination and seedling growth responses to compost generated from biowaste of selected invasive alien plant species     

Yusuf Adam  Sershen 《Compost science & utilization》2016,24(1):30-41

Plant biowaste of alien species represents a potential resource for compost production. This study investigated the seed and seedling responses of maize and pea to composts generated from the biowaste of four invasive species in eThekwini, South Africa: Acacia podalyriifolia, Hedychium gardnerianum, Litsea glutinosa, and Tithonia diversifolia. Except for a 40% concentration of T. diversifolia, leachates of the biowaste from the four species had no marked effects on germination. In seedling growth studies, Berea Red soil (control) was supplemented with composts produced using combinations of the four species (A. podalyriifolia + T. diversifolia [T1], A. podalyriifolia + H. gardnerianum [T2], L. glutinosa + T. diversifolia [T3], and L. glutinosa + H. gardnerianum [T4]), and a commercial compost (T5). Carbon and nitrogen levels of the biowaste composts were higher than the control, while their associated C/N ratios were low enough to encourage microbial growth, facilitate rapid decomposition, and support plant growth. A comparison of percentage seedling production, growth rate, and biomass production between the commercial compost and alien biowaste treatments revealed all parameters to be statistically comparable among T5, T1, and T3 for maize, and between T5 and T1 for pea. These superior biowaste composts did not enhance growth relative to the commercial compost, but supported growth to the same extent. However, N and P levels in T1 and T3 were lower than the commercial compost and appear to have altered biomass allocation patterns in both species relative to the commercial compost. The results suggest that there is potential to use invasive alien plant biowaste to improve soil for agricultural purposes.  相似文献   

Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Oni AO  Arigbede OM  Sowande OS  Anele UY  Oni OO  Onwuka CF  Onifade OS  Yusuf KO  Dele PA  Aderinboye RY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):483-490

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P < 0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2 × 10¹²/l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P < 0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7 × 10⁹/l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of PCV and Hb in the diets (P > 0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P > 0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment, values for glucose significantly (P < 0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P < 0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased significantly (P < 0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%.  相似文献   

Milk yield estimation of Ogaden cattle breed based on methods of weigh–suckle–weigh and calves’ growth     

Mummed YY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):785-790

Daily milk yield of Ogaden cattle was estimated from milk suckled by 269 calves born and maintained between 1994 and 2004 at Haramaya University Beef Farm, Ethiopia. The weigh–suckle–weigh method and the growth of calves were used to estimate the yield. Mean predicted daily milk yield of the breed based on the weigh–suckle–weigh method was 4.39 ± 0.03 kg day⁻¹. Daily milk yield estimated from the growth of calves up to 3 months of age was 4.59 ± 1.43 kg day⁻¹. The milk yield was significantly affected by seasons of calving (p < 0.001), parities of the dams (p < 0.05), weeks of lactation (p < 0.001) and birth weights of calves (p < 0.05). A relatively higher milk yield was observed from cows calved during the long rain season. A higher milk yield was produced by cows in fifth parity. Heavier calves at birth suckled more milk than lighter calves. Daily milk yield was significantly higher in 3–6 weeks of lactation. The result of this study indicated that the milk yield produced by Ogaden breed was relatively higher than the yield of some Zebu breed measured by partial suckling system in Ethiopia and was comparable to the yield from Zebu cattle in the tropics estimated by the same method.  相似文献