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61.
The mid-gut gland of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis has been discarded in scallop processing factories as a fishery waste and various attempts have been made to turn the waste
into valuable resources. In the present study, we tried to use mid-gut gland drips from scallop as a source of β-1,3-glucanase.
The mid-gut gland drips were collected in a local fishery factory in Yubetsu-cho, Hokkaido Prefecture. β-1,3-Glucanase was
purified from the mid-gut gland drips by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by successive chromatography on Toyopearl
Phenyl-650M and Toyopearl DEAE-650M. The scallop β-1,3-glucanase, named PyLam38 in the present study, showed a molecular mass
of approximately 38 kDa by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and hydrolyzed laminarin, a β-1,3-glucan
from Laminaria sp., producing laminaribiose and glucose with an optimal pH and temperature of 6.0 and 45°C, respectively. PyLam38 exhibited
high transglycosylation activity toward various accepter substrates such as monosaccharides, alcohols and xylooligosaccharides.
Thus, PyLam38 was found to be useful for the production of various novel heterooligosaccharides consisting of laminarioligosaccharides
and various accepters. 相似文献
62.
Yuya Umezu Toshihiro Onitsuka Tomohiko Kawamura Yoshiro Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(2):221-233
To examine the feeding ecology of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, two types of macroalgal diet (kelp Saccharina longissima and red alga Ptilota filicina) and four types of benthic animal diet [barnacle Balanus glandula, limpet Lottia cassis, free-living Perinereis aibuhitensis and P. aibuhitensis attached to a stainless steel wire (wired polychaete)], were separately or simultaneously provided for urchins of 5- to 60-mm test diameter (TD). Sea urchins of even 3-mm TD could graze the kelp, and began to graze the red alga, the wired polychaete and limpet by 5-mm TD, the barnacle by 8-mm TD and the free-living polychaete by 15-mm TD, respectively. These results suggest that the variety of macroalgae and benthic animals which the urchin can graze increases with the ontogeny of their feeding organs, motility and ability to catch animals. Both juvenile and adult sea urchins preferred to eat the polychaete as well as the kelp fronds. Feed conversion efficiency and daily growth rate of the small sea urchins fed benthic animals like the polychaete were higher than those fed macroalgae. The sea urchins are likely to grow better when feeding on animals than on macroalgae, even in habitats where they can access adequate quantities of kelp. 相似文献
63.
Yuya Shigematsu Yuichiro Ochi Shuhei Yamaguchi Kazumitsu Nakaguchi Yoichi Sakai Jun-ya Shibata Wataru Nishijima Takeshi Tomiyama 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(3):373-382
This study revealed the spatial variation in abundance and body size of larval fishes in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, in January 2014 and 2015. Fish larvae were collected by a 1.3-m-diameter ring net towed at the surface and at 10-m depth at 21 stations. The most dominant species was the sandlance Ammodytes japonicus, constituting 82% of total larval fish caught. The body size of A. japonicus was greater [ca. 9 mm total length (TL) in 2014] in eastern areas than in western areas (ca. 5 mm TL in 2014). This trend was also observed in rockfishes (Sebastiscus marmoratus and Sebastes inermis species complex), suggesting a common phenomenon in this region. Because the water temperature was lower in eastern areas, it is likely that the longitudinal differences in larval body size are attributable to earlier spawning in eastern areas caused by different temperature conditions. 相似文献
64.
Yoshio KIKU Yuya NAGASAWA Kazue SUGAWARA Takahiro YABUSAKI Kazuyoshi OONO Kento FUJII Koji MAEHANA Tomohito HAYASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1628
The accurate identification of mastitis‐causing bacteria assists in effective management by both dairy farmers and veterinarians and can be used to implement the selective use of antimicrobials for treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of our developed anti–ribosomal protein-L7/L12 antibody–coated immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test to detect coliforms in milk by comparing the results with the bacteriological culture method. We investigated the performance of the ICS test as compared with the bacteriological culture method using 308 milk samples from clinical bovine mastitis. First, to determine the optimal ICS test cutoff point for detecting coliform mastitis, we developed a receiver-operating characteristic curve. The result showed that the cutoff point was at 0.5 of our index. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value of the ICS test were 81.3%, 84.8%, 69.2%, and 91.54%, respectively. As the clinical signs increased in severity, the F-measure, a weighted harmonic mean of the sensitivity and overall PPV performance, increased. Because it is especially important to treat clinical mastitis appropriately in the early stages of detection, the ICS test, which can be used by both dairy farmers and veterinarians on dairy farms, is considered to be a useful tool for detecting coliform mastitis, which often presents with severe signs. 相似文献
65.
Yukiho Sasaoka Taichi Takagi Shunta Michiba Yohei Yamamoto Yuya Kumagai Hideki Kishimura 《Marine drugs》2021,19(10)
In a previous study, we found that the collagen peptides prepared from the by-products of Bester sturgeon had an inhibitory effect on elevated blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test with ICR mice. In the present study, we examine the mechanism of the effect of sturgeon collagen peptides (SCPs) in detail. When glucose was orally administered to mice along with the SCPs, it was found that the glucose remained in the stomach for a longer time. In the above tests, the amount of glucose excreted in the feces of mice also increased. On the contrary, it was revealed that the SCPs have a dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory ability in an in vitro test. In subsequent oral and intravenous glucose administration tests, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin levels in the blood of mice were maintained at high levels. These results suggested the following three mechanisms: SCPs slow the rate of transportation of glucose from the stomach into the small intestine, resulting in delayed glucose absorption; SCPs suppress the absorption of glucose in the small intestine and excrete it from the body; SCPs inhibit DPP-IV in the blood and maintain a high GLP-1 level in blood, which in turn stimulates insulin secretion. 相似文献
66.
Yuya TSURUTA Shusaku T. SHIBUTANI Rie WATANABE Hiroyuki IWATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):153-156
The effect of environmental acidification on Ibaraki virus (IBAV) infection was tested
using endosomal inhibitory chemicals and low pH treatment. Treatment of target cells with
endosomal inhibitors significantly decreased the progeny virus production. IBAV outer
capsid proteins, VP5 and VP2, were removed from virion when purified IBAV was exposed to
low pH environment. Further experiment showed that the exposure to low pH buffer
facilitated IBAV infection when the cellular endosomal pathway was impaired by bafilomycin
A1. Results obtained in this study suggest that acidic environment is essential to
initiate IBAV infection. 相似文献
67.
Kimura Y Kawabata H Maezawa M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(8):1083-1087
This survey explores the grief associated with the loss of a pet, and was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were handed out to 50 bereaved pet owners attending a public animal cremation service, and we received 18 responses. Participants responded within 0 to 44 (median 4) days of the death of their pet. Although most mental health problems immediately following mourning are presumed to be normal grief reactions, on the basis of several psychiatric scales, 8 of the 16 valid responses indicated depression and/or neurosis. Statistical analyses showed that the following factors were significantly associated with grief reactions: age of owner, other stressful life events, family size, age of deceased animal, rearing place, and preliminary veterinary consultation. 相似文献
68.
Sato T Toyoshima A Hiraki T Ohta Y Katayama K Arai T Tazaki H 《British poultry science》2011,52(2):273-277
1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the gluconeogenesis inhibitor metformin on 21-d old chickens. The following parameters were measured in the liver and kidney: plasma glucose, plasma mannose, enzyme activities and mRNA expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). 2. Chickens were divided into two groups, and received either metformin (300 mg/kg body weight) or water. Plasma glucose and mannose concentrations were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). G6Pase and PEPCK activities were determined by glucose 6-phosphate and malic acid substrate methods, respectively. The expression levels of mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. 3. Plasma glucose and mannose reached their lowest concentrations 1 h after metformin administration. At 0·5 h-1 h after metformin administration, the enzyme activities and mRNA expression levels of G6Pase and PEPCK reached their lowest point in the kidney and their highest point in the liver. The decrease observed in the kidney may have been associated with reductions in both plasma glucose and mannose concentrations. 4. In conclusion, the effect of metformin on the kidney of chickens is similar to its effect in mammals. In contrast, no suppression of enzyme activity or mRNA expression was observed in chicken liver. Therefore, the mode of action of metformin, via AMPK activation, may be different in the chicken liver. 相似文献
69.
70.
Denny Irawati Shinso Yokota Tomohiro Niwa Yuya Takashima Chisato Ueda Futoshi Ishiguri Kazuya Iizuka Nobuo Yoshizawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(2):180-183
The chemical characteristics and the suitability for enzymatic saccharification in the spent culture media (SCM) of Auricularia polytricha were examined in order to investigate the utilization of the SCM as a biomass resource for alternative energy production.
Wood meals from 3 hardwood species (Quercus serrata, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Alnus japonica) and 2 softwood species (Pinus densiflora and Cryptomeria japonica) were used as basal culture media. Dry weight of fruiting bodies were higher in the cultural media made of B. platphylla var. japonica and A. japonica. Amount of weight loss in media showed almost the same value among the cultural media made of 5 species, except for media
made of C. japonica. The amounts of the main chemical components (Klason lignin, holocellulose, and α-cellulose) in SCM showed lower values than
those in wood meals (WM) and fresh media (FM). After saccharification of the media by Meiselase for 48 h, the hydrolysis weight
decrease dramatically increased in SCM. The amount of glucose in SCM ranged from 10.9 to 19.2 g/100 g dry biomass. The highest
amount of glucose was obtained in the SCM from B. platyphylla var. japonica. These results indicate that SCM of A. polytricha is a suitable biomass material to produce fermentable sugars for bio-ethanol production. 相似文献