内蒙古通辽市、赤峰市春玉米水分亏缺评价及区域差异     

陈素华  王志春  李丹 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4):20-25

春玉米生育期水分亏缺是制定玉米区划的重要依据,了解其时空和季节变化,可以为水资源合理利用提供参考。该文基于通辽市、赤峰市25个气象观测站1961—2014年逐日气象资料,近30多年玉米发育期资料,采用FAO 1998年推荐使用的Penman-Monteith模型和参考作物法,对该研究区春玉米的降水亏缺格局进行了分析。结果表明:春玉米各生育期各观测站降水均为亏缺。需水量随季节的变化差异很大,但降水亏缺量变化规律并不明显。玉米主要生育期需水量总的变化趋势是以开鲁县到敖汉旗这一带为高值中心,向西北部东南部逐渐递减;降水亏缺指数以中部为高值区,北部、西南部和东南部为低值区。  相似文献   

Dynamics of Soil Moisture and Salt Content After Infiltration of Saline Ice Meltwater in Saline-Sodic Soil Columns   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XIAO Ye  HUANG Zhigang  YANG Fan  WANG Zhichun  ZHOU Xi  LIU Zhijun 《土壤圈》2017,27(6):1116-1124

Saline ice meltwater can be used for irrigation and leaching of salts in salt-affected soil regions.A laboratory experiment was conducted using soil columns to investigate the redistribution of soil moisture, salt and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) in saline-sodic soil under the infiltration of saline ice meltwater.Soils were treated using saline water of three irrigation volumes(1 600, 2 400 and 3 200 mL) at four salinity levels.These four salinity levels included salt free(0 g L~(-1)), low salinity level(1.4 g L~(-1)), moderate salinity level(2.7 g L~(-1)) and high salinity level(4.1 g L~(-1)).The prepared saline water was frozen into ice, and then the ice was put on the surface of soil columns.After 96 h, the infiltration rate and soil moisture content of saline ice treatments were greater than those of salt-free ice treatments, increasing with the increase of ice salinity.Infiltration of saline ice meltwater increased soil moisture content in the upper layers for all treatments.Both salt contents and SAR values in the upper soil layers decreased in all saline ice treatments and were lower than those in salt-free ice treatment.However, this trend was reversed in the deeper(below 20 cm) soil layers.The highest desalting rate and lowest SAR were observed in high-salinity treatment under three irrigation volumes in the 0–15 cm soil layer,especially under irrigation volume of 2 400 mL.These results indicate that saline ice(0–20 cm) meltwater irrigation is beneficial to saline-sodic soil reclamation, and the best improvement effect would be achieved when using high-salinity ice under optimal irrigation volume.  相似文献   

Pollen dispersal,mating patterns and pollen contamination in an insect-pollinated seed orchard of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schima superba</Emphasis> Gardn. et Champ.     

Hanbo Yang  Rui Zhang  Zhichun Zhou 《New Forests》2017,48(3):431-444

Pollen flow and mating patterns are the most important factors influencing the genetic structure of insect-pollinated forest trees and are essential parts of genetic management in seed orchards. We investigated pollen flow, the mating system and the level of pollen contamination in a clonal seed orchard of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. In total, 328 open-pollination progenies coming from 11 mother trees were identified using 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci. A total of 203 full-sib families were identified and were nested among the 11 studied seed donors. The male reproductive success rate from 0.49 to 7.77% for most male parents, with an average of 2.44%. More than 80% of the crosses were found within a distance of 60 m, and the most frequent pollination distance between female parent and male parents was approximately 20 m. Mating system analysis showed that the outcrossing level was very high (t _m  = 1.000, outcrossing rate = 98.5%) in the seed orchard and that there was an average of 2.3 effective pollen donors (N _ep ) per female parent. In addition, the mating success of individual males within neighborhoods was moderately influenced by their fecundity and the direction of their location relative to mother trees. The pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was high (7.01%). Our findings are valuable for the assessment of seed orchards, and it may be worthwhile to use pollen management strategies to decrease pollen contamination and increase the genetic quality of the seeds produced.  相似文献   

马尾松二代无性系种子园的花期同步性     

陈坦  张振  楚秀丽  金国庆  周志春  丰忠平 《林业科学》2019,(1):146-156

【目的】研究马尾松二代种子园无性系的开花物候特征、花期同步性、结实状况及气候影响因子,评价无性系花期同步性规律,指导种子园经营生产及提高种子遗传品质与产量。【方法】连续2年对浙江省淳安县姥山林场马尾松二代无性系矮化种子园的22个无性系进行花期、花量和结实性状调查,分析其开花物候与花期同步指数。【结果】各无性系雌雄球花整体花期持续时间为8～17天, 2014年始花期相对于2013年滞后约6天,且持续时间缩短约6天。整体水平上,年度内雌球花及雄球花的各花期时长差异较小;无性系的始花期和盛花期的物候特征年度间存在差异, 2014年无性系内雌雄球花开花的同步性更强。无性系的开花物候受气候因素影响较大,这使得无性系间开花同步程度降低,花期同步指数变异增加, 2013年和2014年花期同步指数变化范围分别为0.041～0.556和0.284～0.802,无性系的平均变异系数分别为32.3%和16.8%。各无性系分别作为父、母本时,年度内无性系花期整体同步性水平差异较小,表现出无性系作为父本时的散粉期整体的同步性要高于作为母本时的可授粉期的同步性。年度间无性系作为父、母本及自交的花期同步指数均有极显著差异, 2014年各无性系的花期同步指数在整体水平均高于2013年,但自交指数在年度间无显著差异。相关分析表明,雌球花越多的无性系的球果数越多;而雌球花花期持续时间越长的无性系座果率越高;不同年度的雌球花盛花期和花期的持续时间均与千粒质量指标呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】浙江姥山林场马尾松二代无性系种子园雌、雄球花的花期具有较好的同步性,无性系间没有出现花期不遇现象。无性系交配组合的雌球花可授粉期和雄球花的散粉期影响了种子园无性系的种实品质及座果率。连续2年的观测表明无性系间花期整体同步性水平存在差异,且这种差异与二代种子园无性系的亲本遗传背景有关。各无性系分别作为父、母本时,表现出无性系作为父本时的散粉期整体的同步性要高于作为母本时的可授粉期的同步性,无性系作为父本和母本时花期同步指数呈负相关,且种子园内存在1/3无性系具有高于异交平均水平的自交可能性,是马尾松二代种子园管理和无性系再选择应综合考虑的因素。  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of crossing effects for growth traits of Pinus massoniana and selection of cross combinations     

Guoqing Jin  Guofeng Qin  Weihong Liu  Deyu Chu  Suzhou Hong  Zhichun Zhou 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2009,4(1):101-106

Two groups of filial generations derived from two different Pinus massoniana complete-diallel crosses were analyzed. Results show that the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were significant for some growth traits, including height, DBH and volume index. The heredity of these growth traits was controlled by additive and non-additive genes, of which the additive genes played a dominant role. The epistatic effect was greater for group I (cross in 1992) than group II (cross in 1993). The SCA of P. massoniana growth traits was significantly greater than GCA, which may be related to different geographical provenance for parents and the indirect selection by GCA. Inbreeding depression was commonly observed for P. massoniana growth traits. The extent of inbreeding depression was −17.8%–−18.4%, −23.3%–−27.7% and −44.3%–−50.6% for height, DBH and volume index, respectively. It was observed that parents with small GCA values exhibited a greater extent of inbreeding depression. Large differences in hybrid vigor of different crosses were observed and the difference between original cross and reciprocal cross was not significant. Based on the volume index, 10 fine crosses were selected for two groups respectively, and the average increment of volume index was 59.41% and 41.76%, respectively, in comparison with the average of the testing groups, and was 100.58% and 74.61% in comparison with the local commercial variety. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(6): 28–33 [译自: 林业科学]  相似文献   

Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperature of pupae and eggs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holcocerus hippophaecolus</Emphasis>   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zong?Shixiang  Luo?Youqing?Email author  Wang?Tao  Xu?Zhichun  Lu?Changkuan 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(4):34-38

In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative temperature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1±0.2) °C and (295.2±4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5±0.4) °C and (202.4±13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7±0.8) °C and (101.5±12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.  相似文献   

马尾松苗期生长性状的遗传分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦国峰  王培蒂 《林业科学》1989,25(6):559-563

马尾松分布极为广泛,是一具多种用途的树种,已有众多的研究报道了其群体和个体的遗传变异,但这些研究都未曾把群体和个体变异结合起来加以分析。我们从1983年开始,连续5年进行了马尾松育苗试验,旨在通过多年的苗期试验,掌握苗期生长性状遗传变异的大小和不同变异层次的方差分量比例,以及若干重要遗传参数,以正确制订马尾松育种方案。材料与方法我们于1983—1987年,在浙江淳安和安徽屯溪两试验点进行了马尾松育苗试验。育苗皆采用随机区组设计,双行小区,各试验重复3—5次不等。整个试验分为两大类:种源试验和自由授粉子代测定,详见表1。  相似文献   

耕作协同物料添加对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤理化性质的影响     

聂朝阳  杨帆  王志春  郭亮亮  安丰华  刘建波  张释心 《干旱地区农业研究》2023,(1):235-243

为探究耕作协同物料添加对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤障碍消减及作物产量的影响,采用大田试验,设置9个处理：对照(CK),深松+脱硫石膏(SG),深松+腐植酸(SF),深松+复合调理剂(ST),深松+复合调理剂+腐植酸(STF),粉垄+脱硫石膏(FG),粉垄+腐植酸(FF),粉垄+复合调理剂(FT),粉垄+复合调理剂+腐植酸(FTF),脱硫石膏、复合调理剂和腐植酸施用量分别为15 000、22 500 kg·hm^-2和6 000 kg·hm^-2。试验结果表明：与CK相比,在0～40 cm土层,耕作协同物料添加处理的土壤容重降低2.7%～18.4%,土壤总孔隙度增加3.8%～25.3%,土壤三相比得到改善。与CK相比,耕作协同物料添加降低了0～40 cm土层土壤pH、钠吸附比(SAR)和总碱度,降低幅度分别为6.8%～21.3%、20.7%～78.3%和17.1%～47.7%;在0～40 cm土层,耕作协同物料添加处理增加了土壤有机质含量,增加幅度为2.5%～63.9%。玉米穗行数、行粒数和理论产量较CK分别提高4.8%～10.1%、8.9%～22.0%和...  相似文献   

南方红豆杉种源遗传多样性和遗传分化   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

张蕊  周志春  金国庆  骆文坚 《林业科学》2009,45(1)

利用ISSR分子标记对来自10省区15个南方红豆杉代表性种源,研究揭示其种源遗传多样性及地理变化、种源遗传分化等.结果表明:南方红豆杉具有丰富的遗传多样性,物种水平上的遗传多样性为0.419 2,多态百分率(PPL)、Nei's基因多样性(HE)和Shannon信息多样性指数(I)分别变化在80.00%～93.33%、0.339 3～O.3873、O.492 6～O.5615.南方红豆杉种源遗传多样性受其产地经度和纬度非线性共同影响,偏南和偏西地区种源的遗传多样性较低,而偏东和偏北地区种源遗传多样性则较高.因试验的南方红豆杉种源其原产地种群皆是较大的古树群,且片断化的时间较短,加上其特有的繁育特性,种源问基因分化系数为O.1211,仅有8.75%的遗传变异存在于种源间,而91.25%的遗传变异来自于种源内.UPMGA聚类结果还显示,除福建武平和武夷山2个较小种群的种源外,试验种源可按地域大致划分为偏东和偏北,及偏南和偏西2个种源区.  相似文献   

三江源地带性土壤铁（铝）键合碳分布特征     

周少龙  李月梅  张志春  甄国赟  孙丰豪  欧建芳 《土壤学报》2024,61(4)

为了解青藏高原腹地天然草地土壤稳定性碳储量,掌握其固碳能力和增汇潜力,将三江源地区土壤按地域空间和3种典型草地类型进行划分,以活动层土壤为对象,进行土壤总有机碳（TOC）及铁（铝）键合碳[Fe (Al)-C]分析,并与地理、气候资料建立关系模型,反演近60年（1961—2020年）时空变化规律。结果表明：（1）江源地区Fe (Al)-C平均含量6.07 g·kg-1,[Fe (Al)-C]/TOC平均16.87 %,其含量分布地带性特征明显,中、东部地区显著高于西部地区（P < 0.05）;（2）3种草地类型Fe (Al)-C含量在2.35 ~ 8.81 g·kg-1,[Fe (Al)-C]/TOC 11.99% ~ 20.52%,高山灌丛草甸和高寒草甸均显著高于高寒草原（P < 0.05）; 3种高寒草地Fe (Al)-C与TOC呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）;（3）模拟数字化制图结果显示,近20年（2001—2020年）三江源地区Fe (Al)-C分布面积变化相比过去两个时段（1961—1980年和1981—2000年,其含量≥5.75 g·kg-1的分布面积平均增加了1.64 %）,整体处于碳汇状态,三江源地区土壤铁（铝）键合碳在土壤稳定中的固碳潜力不容忽视。  相似文献