Symbiotic N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>) systems     

Huimin Yang  Murray Unkovich  Ann McNeill  Xianzhi Wang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):377-385

Symbiotic N₂ fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N₂ fixation using ¹⁵N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO₃⁻ by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N₂ fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N₂ fixation amounts we calculated average N₂ fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N₂ fixing species examined.  相似文献   

5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Activates Antioxidative Defence System and Seedling Growth in Brassica napus L. under Water‐Deficit Stress     

D. Liu  Z. F. Pei  M. S. Naeem  D. F. Ming  H. B. Liu  F. Khan  W. J. Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(4):284-295

The present study assesses the effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg l^?1) on the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. ZS758) seedlings under water‐deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, 0 and ?0.3 MPa). Water‐deficit stress imposed negative effects on seedling growth by reducing shoot biomass, cotyledon water potential, chlorophyll content and non‐enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) levels. On the other hand, water‐deficit stress enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic antioxidants activities, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) and reduced/oxidized ascorbic acid (ASA/DHA) ratio in seedlings. Application of ALA at lower dosages (0.1 and 1 mg l^?1) improved shoot weight and chlorophyll contents, and decreased MDA in rape seedlings, whereas moderately higher dosage of ALA (10 mg l^?1) hampered the growth. The study also indicated that 1 mg l^?1 ALA improved chlorophyll content, but reduced MDA content and ROS production significantly under water‐deficit stress. Lower dosages of ALA (0.1 and 1 mg l^?1) also enhanced GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA as compared to the seedlings under water‐deficit stress. The antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) enhanced their activities remarkably with 1 mg l^?1 ALA treatment under water‐deficit stress. It was also revealed that 1 mg l^?1 ALA treatment alone induced the expression of APX, CAT and GR substantially and under water‐deficit stress conditions ALA treatment could induce the expression of POD, CAT and GR to a certain degree. These results indicated that 0.1–1 mg l^?1 ALA could enhance the water‐deficit stress tolerance of oilseed seedlings through improving the biomass accumulation, maintaining a relative high ratio of GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA, enhancing the activities of the specific antioxidant enzymes and inducing the expression of the specific antioxidant enzyme genes.  相似文献   

E. Melanie DuPuis: Nature’s perfect food: how milk became America’s drink     

Evan Perrault 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):583-584

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Books received     

Carol J. Pierce Colfer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):589-590

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Performance evaluation of forest co-management: a case study of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary,Bangladesh     

Umma Tamima 《林业研究》2016,27(4):853-861

The objective was to evaluate the performance of the co-management of Nishorgo Support Project at Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary in Bangladesh. I adopted the Focus Groups Discussion method for opinion survey and applied the SWOTAHP technique for data analysis. Local people did not participate in the decision-making process of forest management and they perceived co-management as a threat to their livelihoods. Moreover, mistrust and misunderstanding among different stakeholders, political and ethical conflicts, lack of property rights of tribal communities, and lack of accountability and transparency were identified as the drawbacks of co-management.  相似文献   

北京妙峰山森林文化条件价值评估     

朱霖  李智勇  樊宝敏  张德成  苏立娟 《林业科学》2015,(6)

【目的】评价妙峰山森林文化价值，对我国其他地区的森林文化价值评估亦有一定的借鉴意义，为全面开展中国森林文化价值量化评估探索路径。【方法】采用条件价值评估法，调研受访者对森林文化的认同程度，评估妙峰山森林文化价值，继而采用逐步回归法分析受访者支付意愿的影响因素。【结果】古树名木、寓言典故和神山传说是受访者接触程度最高的文化符号；受访者了解森林文化的方式呈现多元化，互联网和书籍是最主要的途径；森林采摘是受访者最乐于接受的森林实践活动；94%以上的受访者认同森林具有文化价值，认可程度较高；舒缓心情是受访者最为认同的福利(占比为82.32%)，其次为锻炼身体(占比为62.20%)和休闲娱乐(占比为45.12%)；妙峰山森林文化的人均支付意愿为100元人民币，最重要的影响因素是个人年收入，其次是对森林文化价值的认同程度和学历；对所支付费用的使用透明度不放心是部分受访者拒绝支付的最主要原因；大部分受访者(占比为53.05%)愿意将所支付的费用使用在妙峰山森林文化艺术创作方面，捐款(占比为33.77%)是受访者最愿意接受的支付方式。【结论】理解偏差、心理账户偏差、支付方式偏差、投标起点偏差等多种偏差都会造成条件价值评估结果的误差。即使本研究只是初步估值，本研究的方法与结论仍然可以为建设与保护森林文化的相关管理决策提供依据。另外，如何提升国民对森林文化的认知和参与程度以及对森林文化所带来福利的感受，是提升国民对森林文化的认可程度，乃至提升森林文化价值的关键。森林文化的内涵随着人类对森林功能认识的不断深入、人类与森林相互作用关系的变化而不断拓展，如何正确认识森林文化并科学计量森林文化的价值仍然是一个有活力的课题，值得继续深入研究。  相似文献   

Jody Emel and Harvey Neo: Political ecologies of meat     

Heide K. Bruckner 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(3):739-740

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Brian K. Obach: Organic struggle: the movement for sustainable agriculture in the United States     

Kelly Yearick 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(2):505-506

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A.D. McIntyre (ed): Life in the world’s oceans—diversity,distribution and abundance     

Malcolm Jobling 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(3):597-598

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瓠瓜新品种浙蒲8号的选育     

吴晓花  汪宝根  鲁忠富  徐沛  吴新义  邹宜静  李国景 《中国蔬菜》2015,1(6):61

浙蒲8号是以自交系G7-4-3-1-2-1为母本、自交系J63-1-6-3-2-1为父本配制而成的耐热瓠瓜一代杂种。植株生长势较强,早中熟,以侧蔓结瓜为主,坐瓜性较好。商品瓜中棒形,上下粗细较均匀,平均瓜长约30cm,横径约5cm,瓜皮绿色,具光泽,单瓜质量0.4~0.5kg。耐高温性较强,高温期商品瓜率较对照杭州长瓜高6个百分点;品质佳,游离氨基酸总量1304.193μg·g-1,其中谷氨酸含量85.663μg·g-1;田间对枯萎病和白粉病的抗性强于对照杭州长瓜。适宜作露地栽培和夏秋季设施避雨栽培,夏秋季栽培每667m2产量2600kg以上。  相似文献