Effects of biochar on Cd and Pb mobility and microbial community composition in a calcareous soil planted with tobacco     

Jianzhong?ChengEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Yunlong?Li  Weichang?Gao  Yi?Chen  Wenjie?Pan  Xinqing?Lee  Yuan?Tang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(3):373-383

An experiment was conducted with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in a Cd- and Pb-contaminated calcareous soil amended with 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w) tobacco stalk biochar (BC). The BC amendment significantly increased organic matter, total C, N, P, and K contents of soil, and the C/N ratio. Bioavailable metal concentrations (DTPA extraction) decreased by increasing BC application rate. The 5.0% BC amendment significantly decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb by 10.4 and 13.6%, respectively. Correspondingly, the bioaccumulation and translocation factors of Cd and Pb also decreased by increasing the BC addition rates and this indicated that BC inhibited the uptake and transfer of both Cd and Pb by tobacco plants. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing revealed that BC increased Chao1 richness, Shannon’s diversity and Simpson’s diversity of bacterial communities of soil. The relative abundance and genera composition of Adhaeribacter, Rhodoplanes, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Candidatus Xiphinematobacter increased under BC treatments, while those of Kaistobacter, Lacibacter, and Pirellula decreased. Overall, BC increased soil nutrients (C, N, P, and K contents), enhanced bacterial diversity indexes and richness, and changed the bacterial community composition, which may all have contributed to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of both Cd and Pb in a calcareous soil.  相似文献   

Exploratory transcriptomic analysis in muscle tissue of broilers fed a phytase‐supplemented diet          下载免费PDF全文

J. Schmeisser  A.‐A. Séon  R. Aureli  A. Friedel  P. Guggenbuhl  S. Duval  A.J. Cowieson  F. Fru‐Nji 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(3):563-575

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Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact of atopic dermatitis on health-related quality of life of affected dogs and their owners     

Claude Favrot  Monika Linek  Ralf Mueller  Eric Zini  for the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(1):64-70

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing human and canine skin disease that is known to affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Several studies have been conducted to develop disease-specific questionnaires and assess QoL in parents of children with AD and in the children themselves. The severity of canine AD is however currently evaluated using only clinical and pruritus scores. Measurement of the QoL of affected dogs and their owners could therefore provide a new tool for assessing disease severity and treatment efficacy. Ninety-eight owners of AD-affected dogs were asked to complete two questionnaires aiming to evaluate the QoL of affected dogs and their owners on one hand and the relationship between them and their dog on the other hand. Statistical analyses were carried out in order to assess the validity of the questionnaires and to select relevant questions for future studies. These analyses resulted in the selection of 13 questions that could be used in further studies aiming at determining the QoL of affected animals and their owners.  相似文献   

离子色谱电导抑制法测定食品中的4种添加剂   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

屈晶  周光明  刘婷  罗振亚 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,32(1)

建立离子色谱电导抑制法测定食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠和三聚磷酸钠等食品添加剂的方法.对试样采取沉淀的预处理方法,采用METROSEP A Supp4-250分离柱,以15 mmol/L的KOH作淋洗液,电导抑制检测.在优化的分离条件下4种添加剂的检出限为0.082～0.188 mg/L(进样体积20μL,峰面积定量).10 mg/L的山梨酸、20 mg/L的苯甲酸和糖精钠、50 mg/L的三聚磷酸钠混合标准溶液连续8次进样,相对标准偏差为2.10%～2.88%.样品测定的平均回收率为96.2%～101.1%.用所建立的方法快速、有效分析了4种添加剂,并得到了满意的检测结果.  相似文献   

灌溉频率对滴灌小麦土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蒋桂英  刘建国  魏建军  刁明 《干旱地区农业研究》2013,31(4):38-42

通过田间试验,研究了不同灌水频率对滴灌小麦农田土壤水分分布及小麦水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:从整个生育期来看,在灌水量375 mm条件下,高频灌溉(每4天1次)处理0～40 cm土层含水率和土壤贮水量较高,而深层（40～100 cm）土壤较低;低频灌溉(每10天1次)处理有利于水分的下渗和侧渗,深层土壤含水率和土壤贮水量较高,但水分补给不及时,表层土壤含水率和贮水量偏低;总体上中频灌溉(每7天1次)处理有利于水分在土壤剖面中的均匀分配,有利于作物生长。中频灌溉产量和水分利用效率都最高,分别比高频灌溉和低频灌溉产量增加7.6%和13.5%,水分利用效率增加2.6%和9.9%。在当地自然气候条件下,滴灌小麦采用375 mm灌溉量和每7 d 1次的灌溉频率是较适宜的灌溉模式。  相似文献   

学习借鉴日本经验 促进林业改革发展     

Study Group on Japan private Forest  Training M 《国家林业局管理干部学院学报》2013,12(3):10-14

2012年11月,“民有林与培训管理”赴日研修团到日本进行了培训。日本根据本国经济发展情况,及时调整林业建设方针。对民有林,扶持和组建森林组合,形成规模效应,增加经济效益。全国形成了比较健全的森林经营体系,实现了良性循环,为经济发展和人民生活创造了优美的生态环境。对国有林,逐年精简机构和人员,以中央政府投资作保证,收购生态区位重要的民有林,充分发挥国有林生态保障的主渠道作用。日本有比较健全的林业科研和技术推广体系,有比较科学的干部培训制度,为林业健康快速发展奠定了基础。这些经验都值得我们学习和借鉴。  相似文献   

Influence of water deficit and low air humidity in the nursery on survival of Rhamnus alaternus seedlings following planting     

S. Bañon  J. Ochoa  J. A. Franco  M. J. Sánchez-Blanco 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):518-522

Summary

The effect of irrigation and air humidity on the water relations and root and shoot growth of Rhamnus alaternus L. during the nursery phase was considered to evaluate the resulting degree of hardening obtained by these treatments. R. alaternus seedlings were pot-grown in two greenhouses of equal characteristics. In one of these greenhouses air humidity was controlled using a dehumidifying system, while in the other one the environmental conditions were not artificially modified. In each greenhouse, two irrigation treatments were used. Thus, four different treatments were applied during the nursery phase (January-May): 1) control air humidity + control irrigation; 2) control air humidity + deficit irrigation; 3) low air humidity + control irrigation; 4) low air humidity + deficit irrigation. In May, plants of all treatments were transplanted and grown in good environmental and irrigation conditions for one month (17 May–20 June), after which they received no irrigation until the end of the experiment (14 July). Low air humidity and water deficit reduced all shoot growth parameters during the nursery phase, however the root growth was not significantly affected by air humidity and even increased under the water deficit. The reduction in leaf water potential under water stress was induced by tissue dehydration since leaf turgor potential also decreased and non-osmotic adjustment was observed. The drought effects on water relations were similar in both low and high air humidity. The leaf stomatal conductance was also reduced by both types of stress, leading to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis at the end of the nursery phase. Both water deficit and low air humidity showed their value as nursery acclimation processes, improving the survival of seedlings following transplanting and non-irrigation conditions (establishment phase). The stomatal regulation and a shift in the allocation of assimilates from shoot to root were the acclimation mechanisms showed by R. alaternus under both types of stress. The accumulated effects in low air humidity and water deficit plants could explain the highest percentage of survival at the end of the establishment period (97%) for the combined treatment.  相似文献   

Corn distillers dried grains with solubles in diets for growing-finishing pigs: a cooperative study     

Cromwell GL  Azain MJ  Adeola O  Baidoo SK  Carter SD  Crenshaw TD  Kim SW  Mahan DC  Miller PS  Shannon MC;North Central Coordinating Committee on Swine Nutrition 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(9):2801-2811

An experiment involving 560 crossbred pigs (28 replications of 4 to 6 pigs per pen) was conducted at 9 research stations to assess the effects of dietary concentrations of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on pig performance and belly firmness. Fortified corn-soybean meal diets containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% DDGS were fed in 3 phases from 33 to 121 kg of BW. A common source of DDGS containing 90.1% DM, 26.3% CP, 0.96% Lys, 0.18% Trp, 9.4% crude fat, 34.6% NDF, 0.03% Ca, and 0.86% P was used at each station. Diets were formulated to contain 0.83, 0.70, and 0.58% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys during the 3 phases with diets changed at 60 and 91 kg of BW, respectively. The DDGS replaced corn and soybean meal, and up to 0.172% Lys and 0.041% Trp were added to maintain constant SID concentrations of Lys and Trp in each phase. At each station, 2 pigs from each pen in 2 replications were killed and a midline backfat core was obtained for fatty acid analysis and iodine value. In most instances, there were differences among stations (P < 0.01), but the station × treatment interactions were few. Body weight gain was linearly reduced in pigs fed the greater amounts of DDGS (0 to 45%) during phase I (950, 964, 921, and 920 g/d; P < 0.01) and over the entire experimental period (944, 953, 924, and 915 g/d; P = 0.03), but ADFI (2.73, 2.76, 2.68, and 2.70 kg) and G:F (347, 347, 345, and 341 g/kg) were not affected (P = 0.15 and P = 0.33, respectively) during the entire test. Backfat depth was reduced (linear, P < 0.02) by increasing amounts of DDGS (22.5, 22.7, 21.4, and 21.6 mm), but LM area (47.4, 47.4, 46.1, and 45.4 cm(2)) was not affected (P = 0.16) by treatments. Estimated carcass fat-free lean was 51.9, 52.2, 52.4, and 52.1% for 0 to 45% DDGS, respectively (linear, P = 0.06). Flex measures obtained at 6 stations indicated less firm bellies as dietary DDGS increased (lateral flex: 11.9, 8.6, 8.4, and 6.6 cm; linear, P < 0.001; vertical flex: 26.1, 27.4, 28.2, and 28.7 cm; linear, P < 0.003). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in subcutaneous fat decreased linearly (P < 0.001) and PUFA concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing DDGS in the diet. Iodine values in inner (61.1, 68.2, 74.7, and 82.2) and outer (67.9, 73.6, 79.6, and 85.8) backfat increased linearly (P < 0.001) as DDGS in the diet increased. In this study, feeding diets with 30 or 45% DDGS did not have major effects on growth performance, but resulted in softer bellies. Regression analysis indicated that iodine values increased 4.3 units for every 10 percentage unit inclusion of DDGS in the diet.  相似文献   

炼山对杉木人工林生态系统的影响 Ⅰ炼山初期林地水土流失的初步研究   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18  

俞新妥  李振问等 《福建林学院学报》1989,9(3):238-248

本文采用径流小区定位观测法分析研究炼山与不炼山的水土流失差异。通过一年的研究结果表明:炼山后第一年水、土、肥流失十分严重,炼山的年径流量为2743.49m~3/ha,年土壤流失量为24.811T/ha,分别是不炼山的11倍和88倍。大量水土流失伴随着养分流失。有机质、速效氮、磷和钾的流失量分别为不炼山的15倍、24倍、16倍和5倍。经回归分析、炼山因素在影响本区水土流失诸因子中占主导地位。在本试验条件下24°—32°可能是水流面蚀强度的临界坡度。  相似文献   

锶-89在土壤中淋溶和迁移的研究     

王寿祥  张永熙  胡秉民  黄丹 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1991,(4)

采用微土芯装置研究了~(89)Sr在淹水土壤中的淋溶和垂直迁移。结果表明:1.通过18cm土柱后的淋溶水中~(89)Sr含量甚微:青紫泥约占标记量 0.2％,小粉土约占 0.3％,红黄壤约2.4％。2.滞留于土壤中的~(89)Sr,一半以上残存于表层2cm内:青紫泥67.4％,小粉土65.7％,红黄壤 55.1％。3.土壤中~(89)Sr-Sr含量随土壤深度按指数规律衰减:青紫泥 C_3=892.93 e~(-0.5073 x),小粉土C_1=498.96 e~(-0.3365 x),红黄壤C_2=341.29 e~(-0.1924 x);就随深度衰减速率而言,青紫泥>小粉土>红黄壤。  相似文献