Development of a Model to Predict Runoff Water Headloss Through Compost Filter Berms     

Fatih Büyüksönmez  Sergio A. Naranjo  R. Edward Beighley 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):207-214

As a part of a larger study designed to develop compost filter berms i.e., an unsupported mound of compost that intercepts surface runoff from a site, suitable for removing nutrients and sediment from agricultural operations, we evaluated the hydraulic behavior of compost buffers with different masses and particle size distributions subjected to varying water flow rates using flume experiments. For each berm combination, the maximum flow rate the compost berm could sustain before a structural failure occurs was determined for different compost particle sizes. These data were used to develop models to predict headloss through a compost berm as a function of the flow rate per unit width, the median particle size of the compost media, and the buffer dimensions. The developed models perform well with R² values ranging from 0.64 to 0.97 with the majority of values greater than 0.9. The effect of presence of sediments in the flow was also quantified. The results show that headloss increased by 1–2 cm as a result of sediment removal, ranging from 5 to 35%, taking up pore space in the compost berm.  相似文献   

Effect of contamination of pasture with military explosives on grazing behaviour in sheep     

G. Steinheim  Ø. A. Voie  T. Ådnøy  K. S. Longva  Ø. Holand 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):157-160

Abstract

Ungulates grazing in military training areas may be exposed to non-combusted fragments of various explosives, among which 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) are two of the most common. This study investigated if sheep react to their pastures being contaminated with TNT or HMX. The experiment was conducted in fenced-in study areas on grass-dominated pasture. The eight sheep studied did not differentiate between clean pasture and contaminated pasture when choosing freely between plots containing TNT, HMX or no contamination. The results indicate that sheep grazing military training areas are unlikely to have behavioural responses reducing time spent grazing sites where TNT or HMX are present as fragments in the field layer.  相似文献   

树脂膜控释尿素及普通尿素配施对强筋小麦产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李敏  郭熙盛  叶舒娅  曹承富  武际  黄义德 《麦类作物学报》2013,33(2):339-342

为给小麦高产优质栽培中控释尿素的合理应用提供理论依据,以控释期90 d的树脂膜控释尿素为材料,通过田间小区试验,研究了树脂膜控释尿素及普通尿素配施对强筋小麦产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明,与普通尿素(PU)全部底施相比,树脂膜控释尿素及普通尿素配施抑制剂处理均能显著提高小麦产量和氮肥利用率,增幅分别达5.6％～12.6％和32.4％～137.3％.与分次施用普通尿素相比,树脂膜控释尿素及普通尿素配施抑制剂处理使籽粒产量增加1.5％～8.2％;等氮量施用树脂膜控释尿素处理显著提高了籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值及湿面筋含量;等氮量施用树脂膜控释尿素及普通尿素配施抑制剂处理显著提高了氮肥利用率,增幅达13.9％～42.6％.小麦籽粒产量、品质、土壤无机氮与氮肥利用率皆以树脂膜控释尿素70％+普通尿素30％处理最高,其中产量和氮肥利用率与其他施氮处理差异显著.  相似文献   

Targeted control of the saddle gall midge,Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and the benefits of good control of this pest to winter wheat yield          下载免费PDF全文

Florence Censier  Sandrine Chavalle  Gilles San Martin y Gomez  Michel De Proft  Bernard Bodson 《Pest management science》2016,72(4):731-737

  相似文献   

Genetic variation among lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) landraces from Southeast Turkey     

F. Toklu    T. Karaköy    E. Hakl&#;    T. Bicer    A. Brandolini    B. Kilian    H. Özkan 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(2):178-186

The molecular characterization of cultivated plant genepools is of foremost importance for germplasm utilization in plant breeding. However, no comprehensive genetic fingerprinting of Turkish lentil landraces existed so far. To overcome this gap, 38 lentil landraces from southeast Turkey, together with six commercial varieties, were molecularly characterized using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. The ISSR analysis, performed with 14 primers, yielded 105 polymorphic bands and the AFLP analysis, carried out with six primer combinations, amplified 119 polymorphic fragments. Even though the AFLP produced more bands per primer combinations, the ISSR detected more polymorphisms. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means dendrograms based on Jaccard similarities obtained from three data sets: (i) ISSR, (ii) AFLP and (iii) combined ISSR and AFLP data, were similar and separated the landraces into two main groups. Turkish lentil landraces exhibited considerable genetic diversity. One landrace from Karacadag/Diyarbakir region was significantly different from the rest of the germplasm analysed. Jaccard distances highlighted sharp differences among landraces over short geographic distances. The knowledge of regional differentiation has practical utility in the management of germplasm and in breeding programmes.  相似文献   

合肥地区树莓的引种栽培研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁艺  张杨  刘俊龙 《中国农学通报》2008,24(10):344-346

2003年从北京和吉林等地引进10个树莓栽培品种,在合肥进行引种试验研究,以筛选优良品种并探讨其栽培技术。结果表明: 撒尼黑和顺K2品种长势良好,引种第2年开始挂果,第3年进入盛果期,丰产、适应性强、风味佳、有较好的市场前景。  相似文献   

Variation in treatability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) by the chemical modification agent furfuryl alcohol dissolved in water     

Stig Lande  Olav Høibø  Erik Larnøy 《Wood Science and Technology》2010,44(1):105-118

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was investigated for variation in treatability using the wood modifying agent, furfuryl alcohol (FA) in water. The variation in treatability within trees, between trees and between different stands of Scots pine was studied. Investigated variables that reduced the residual variance significantly were: site location, latitude of site, height of trees, annual ring width, vertical and horizontal position in the tree and method of drying. Linear mixed model statistics were used and tree number was handled as a random variable. The best model reduced the treatability residual variance by 67%. Location was the single factor affecting treatability most. Differences in latitude between locations may be the reason for that. Latitude correlated negatively with the treatability. Within the trees, the treatability of sapwood increased with distance from ground and with distance from heartwood border. A small, but significantly better treatability was found for kiln dried wood (60°C) compared to air dried wood (20°C).  相似文献   

Laparoscopy-guided prostate biopsy in dogs--a study of 13 cases     

Holak P  Adamiak Z  Jałyński M  Chyczewski M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2010,13(4):765-766

This paper describes laparoscopy-guided prostate biopsy experiments in 13 dogs. Biopsy material was evaluated histopathologically to diagnose causes of prostatic gland enlargement. Laparoscopic biopsy was performed in male dogs diagnosed with prostatic gland enlargement, based on clinical symptoms and results of rectal examinations.  相似文献   

Determination of In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects, Antioxidant Activities and Phenol Contents of Some Herbal Teas     

Büyükbalci A  El SN 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(1):27-33

In this research, some herbal teas and infusions traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes in Turkey, have been studied for their antidiabetic effects on in vitro glucose diffusion and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Ten aqueous herbal tea extracts were examined using an in vitro method to determine their effects on glucose movement across the gastrointestinal tract. Total phenol content of herbal teas was analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu’s procedure. Antioxidant activities of herbal teas were evaluated by the effect of extracts on DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Antioxidant activity was defined as the amount of the sample to decrease the initial DPPH· concentration by 50% as efficient concentration, EC₅₀. Antiradical activity [AE] was calculated as 1/EC₅₀. Values were evaluated statistically. Results support the view that none of the herbal teas showed antidiabetic effect on glucose diffusion using in vitro model glucose absorption. Teas were arranged in the order of green tea > peppermint > thyme > black tea > relax tea > absinthium > shrubby blackberry > sage > roselle > olive leaves according to their total phenol contents. Among ten herbal teas, green tea had the highest hydrogen-donating capacity against to DPPH radical. Ranking of the herbal teas with respect to their DPPH radical scavenging activity were green tea > peppermint > black tea > thyme > relax tea > absinthium > roselle > olive leaves > sage > shrubby blackberry. It was determined that adding flavoring substances such as lemon, bergamot, clove and cinnamon, which are commonly used in preparation of black tea in Turkey resulted to have synergistic effect on total antioxidant activities of black and peppermint teas. The highest hydrogen peroxide inhibition value (65.50%) was obtained for green tea at a 250 μl/ml concentration. The H₂O₂ scavenging activity of herbal teas decreased in the order green tea > peppermint > relax tea > black tea > thyme > olive leaves > sage > absinthium > shrubby blackberry > roselle. In particular, their phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities may be useful for meal planning in type 2 diabetes. They could contribute to sustain plasma antioxidant level because antioxidants present in plants and herbs prevent the development of vascular diseases seen in type 2 diabetes.  相似文献   

Positive correlation between Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model          下载免费PDF全文

M H Marana  J Skov  J K Chettri  B Krossøy  I Dalsgaard  P W Kania  K Buchmann 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(4):507-516

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (AS) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin‐killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under Danish mariculture conditions. We elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin‐killed bacteria) in the vaccine. Rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with a bacterin of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain 090710‐1/23 in combination with Vibrio anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2a supplemented with an oil adjuvant. Three concentrations of AS antigens were applied. Fish were subsequently challenged with the homologous bacterial strain administered by perforation of the tail fin epidermis and 60‐s contact with live A. salmonicida bacteria. The infection method proved to be efficient and could differentiate efficacies of different vaccines. It was shown that protection and antibody production in exposed fish were positively correlated to the AS antigen concentration in the vaccine.  相似文献