土壤水分对水稻籽粒增重过程的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

杨建昌  朱庆森 《江苏农业研究》1994,15(3):9-14

应用数学模型Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ方程，研究了扬稻２号等５个品种（含杂种）在不同土壤水分状况下籽粒增重的过程。结果表明：（１）与对照（土水势为０ｋＰａ）相比，低土壤水势处理的各品种的强，弱势粒达到最大生长速率的时间ＴｍａｘＧ和活跃生长Ｄ较大，最大生长速率Ｇｍａｘ，平均生长速率Ｇ和起始生长势Ｒ＾ｏ较小，参数Ｎ值较大，生长速率曲线向左偏移；（２）在低土壤水势下增施氮肥，各品种弱势粒的ＴｍａｘＧ，Ｄ，Ｎ和后期  相似文献   

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究     

王齐  周志芳*  何金存等 《林业科技》2014,(2):25-27

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。  相似文献   

作物群体质量及其关键调控技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏海燕  凌启鸿  张洪程  郭文善  杨建昌  陈德华  冷锁虎  陆卫平  邢志鹏 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2018,(2)

综合凝炼了水稻、小麦、棉花、油菜和玉米等作物群体质量指标及其关键调控技术。重点阐述了提高花后群体光合积累量是作物群体质量的核心指标,以及与核心指标紧密相关的库容量、茎蘖成穗率(成铃率等)、适宜LAI及其构成、粒叶比(铃叶比)、单茎(秆)质量、根活量(颖花根活量、棉铃根流量等)等主要群体质量指标。介绍了优化群体质量的"小群体、壮个体、高积累"栽培途径,基本苗计算公式,以及"控制无效低效生长、增加产量形成期生长量"的肥水促控关键技术。此外,介绍了作物群体质量及其关键调控技术研究的思路与方法,并将该成果与当前国内外同类研究和传统栽培进行了综合比较。  相似文献   

水稻籽粒中内源多胺及其与籽粒充实和粒重的关系   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22  

杨建昌  朱庆森 《作物学报》1997,23(4):385-392

以８个水稻品种（含杂交稻组合）为材料，研究了籽粒发育期内源多胺的含量及其与籽粒充实和粒重的关系。结果表明：籽粒中Ｐｕｔ（腐胺）、Ｓｐｄ（亚精胺）和Ｓｐｍ（精胺）的含量，强势粒高于弱势糕卫粒充实好的品种（组合）高于籽粒充实差的品种（组合），尤以Ｓｐｄ和Ｓｐｍ更明显；籽闰中Ｓｐｄ和Ｓｐｍ的含量或浓度，以及Ｓｐｄ／Ｐｕｔ和Ｓｐｍ／Ｐｕｔ的比值与谷粒充实率和千粒軎于极显著正相关在花后３天喷施外源多胺（１ｍ  相似文献   

江淮稻区不同穗型粳稻品种主要农艺和品质特性的比较分析   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

徐大勇  杜永  方兆伟  潘启民  杨建昌  朱庆森 《作物学报》2006,32(3):379-384

依据着粒密度，对江淮稻区大面积生产应用的和新近育成的36个粳稻品种(系)进行聚类分析。结果表明，供试品种可分成半密穗型(Ⅰ)、偏密穗型(Ⅱ)和密穗型（Ⅲ）三类。随着水稻品种由散穗型向半密穗型、偏密穗型和密穗型的演变，产量性状、品质性状、形态性状和部分生理、生化性状发生了明显的变化，产量、每穗总粒数和实粒数显著增加，而穗数/m²、千粒重和结实率呈下降趋势；株高增加，上部三张叶片变长、变宽，生物日产量增高；穗部一、二次枝梗数增多，着粒密度变大；抽穗期和成熟期叶片、茎秆的含氮量和叶片叶绿素含量增高；糙米率和整精米率下降、垩白粒率降低、胶稠度变硬、蛋白质含量呈上升的趋势。  相似文献   

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome     

X.J. Fang * L.R. Jiang Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources  Sanya    China  Life College  Xiamen University  Xiamen  Fujian  China. 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):209-210

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.  相似文献   

施氮量对不同水稻品种氮肥利用率与农艺性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

章星传  黄文轩  朱宽宇  王志琴  杨建昌 《作物杂志》2018,34(4):69-2165

为探明施氮量对不同水稻品种产量、氮肥利用率和农艺性状的影响,以适合江苏省种植的12个中粳稻（含籼/粳杂交稻）品种为材料,大田种植,设置0N（全生育期不施氮）、200N（全生育期施纯氮200kg/hm ²）和360N（全生育期施纯氮360kg/hm²）3个施氮量处理,研究各品种产量、氮肥利用率和一些农艺性状的差异。结果表明：甬优2640在3个施氮水平产量均最高,库容量大是其高产的主要原因。其他品种产量对氮肥响应的表现不一。在较低氮（0N、200N）条件下,淮稻13号和武运粳30的产量较高,宁粳1号和扬粳4038的产量较低。在高氮（360N）条件下,宁粳1号和扬粳4038产量较高。在较低施氮量条件下,产量和氮肥利用率较高的品种具有较高的干物质积累量、茎蘖成穗率、叶面积指数、粒叶比及群体生长速率,这些指标可作为筛选氮高效品种的农艺性状指标。  相似文献   

绿色超级稻品种的农艺与生理性状分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许阳东  朱宽宇  章星传  王志琴  杨建昌 《作物学报》2019,45(1):70-80

探明绿色超级稻的农艺与生理性状,对于培育和选用绿色超级稻品种有重要意义。本研究以4个绿色超级稻品种为材料,1个超级稻品种和1个非超级稻品种为对照,观察了绿色超级稻的农艺与生理表现。结果表明,与对照品种相比,绿色超级稻品种具有较高的产量和氮素利用效率。绿色超级稻品种较高的产量得益于总颖花数和结实率的同步提高,较高的氮素利用率主要在于较高的植株氮素籽粒生产效率(氮素内部利用效率)。绿色超级稻具有较高的茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比,抽穗期较高的糖花比,灌浆期较高的作物生长速率、净同化率、根系氧化力和茎中同化物向籽粒的运转率和成熟期较高的收获指数。这些性状与产量及植株氮素籽粒生产效率均呈极显著的正相关。建议将上述性状作为培育和选用绿色超级稻品种的参考指标。  相似文献   

水稻不同粒位籽粒米质对花后不同时段温度胁迫的响应   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

董明辉  陈培峰  乔中英  吴翔宙  赵步洪  蒋媛媛  杨建昌 《作物学报》2011,37(3):506-513

为探讨花后高温胁迫对水稻籽粒米质的影响,以中熟籼稻扬稻6号和中熟粳稻扬粳9538为材料,研究了灌浆前期(花后0~10 d)和灌浆中期(花后10~20 d)的高温(35℃)对米质的影响,并进一步探讨了不同粒位间的差异。结果表明,与常温CK (25~27℃)相比,灌浆结实期高温处理对稻米品质影响较大,总体上前期(0~10 d)大于中期(10~20 d),且因供试品种和粒间位置而异。灌浆前、中期高温处理,降低了精米率、整精米率、直链淀粉含量,增加了垩白粒率、垩白度和粗蛋白含量;其中,温度对二次枝梗与同枝梗上较迟开花籽粒的碾米品质的影响大于一次枝梗与较早开花的籽粒;前期高温显著增加了一次枝梗和各枝梗上开花较早籽粒的垩白粒率和垩白度;前期高温显著降低了直链淀粉含量,对一次枝梗籽粒的影响大于二次枝梗。不同供试品种对花后不同温度处理的敏感性不同,影响程度亦受花后温度胁迫时段的不同而异。生产上通过合理安排播期、平衡施肥和合理灌溉可以减轻结实期高温胁迫对籽粒品质的影响。  相似文献   

麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

徐国伟  吴长付  刘辉  王志琴  张敏  杨建昌 《作物学报》2007,33(2):284-291

以水稻武香粳14和扬粳9538为材,大田设麦秸还田与不还田、不施氮肥、习惯施肥法（FFP）和基于叶绿素仪(SPAD)测定值的氮肥管理(SSNM)等处理。结果表明,SSNM较FFP氮肥施用量减少40.0%~41.7%,而产量平均增加3.81%。秸秆还田的较秸秆未还田的产量平均增加2.49%。氮肥的农学利用率、吸收利用率和生理利用率均以秸秆还田高于秸秆不还田处理。与秸秆未还田或FFP相比,秸秆还田和SSNM降低了生育前期的分蘖数、叶面积指数和干物质积累（但抽穗及以后差异较小）;提高了茎蘖成穗率、结实期叶片光合速率和根系活力。说明秸秆还田和SSNM有利于生育后期群体光合生产和提高物质生产效率。秸秆还田和实地氮肥管理提高了氮收获指数和氮肥利用效率。对秸秆还田和SSNM的产量、生育特性及氮肥利用效率进行了讨论。  相似文献