Management strategy,uptake and translocation of nitrogen in tidal flooded rice ecosystem     

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun  M. Moynul Haque  M. Abu Saleque  Qazi Abdul Khaliq  A. J. M. Sirajul Karim  Md. Arifur Rahman Khan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(14):2186-2199

Abstract

Enhancing rice yield is a great challenge for rice growers in the tidal flooded ecosystem, where poor agronomic management is one of the major constrains. Improve management practice (IMP) was compared with traditional farmers’ practice (TFP) in evaluating rice productivity, nutrient uptake, translocation and farm income in tidal flooded ecosystem. Results revealed that, IMP significantly produced higher number of panicles m^?2, more grain panicle^?1 and better grain filling. The rice cultivars produced 2.0 to 2.5 t grain ha^?1 with TFP, while 3.0 to 4.0 t ha^?1 with IMP. In different rice cultivars, the grain yield in IMP increased 12 to 60% over TFP. Similarly, the grains in IMP treatment absorbed 21.41 to 57.03?kg N ha^?1 whereas only 15.85 to 46.94?kg N ha^?1 in TFP plot. However, higher nitrogen (N) transfer from shoot to grain in IMP also suggests that the amount of N in soil was too low to meet the plant demand in TFP. Although, the IMP involved additional cost, but it gave significantly higher gross return (438 to 954?US$ha^?1) and margin (397 to 913?US$ha^?1) which added farm income upto 225?US$ha^?1 over TFP. Hence, it could be concluded that IMP is a potential option for increasing grain yield and farm income during aman season in the tidal flooded ecosystem.  相似文献   

Effect of four different vegetable oils (red palm olein, palm olein, corn oil, coconut oil) on antioxidant enzymes activity of rat liver     

Dauqan E  Sani HA  Abdullah A  Kasim ZM 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(6):399-403

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of four different vegetable oils [red palm olein (RPO), palm olein (PO), corn oil (CO), coconut oil (COC)] on antioxidant enzymes activity of rat liver. Sixty six Sprague Dawley male rats which were randomly divided into eleven groups of 6 rats per group and were treated with 15% of RPO, PO, CO and COC for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in the control group were given normal rat pellet only while in treated groups, 15% of additional different vegetable oils were given. After 4 weeks of treatment the catalase (CAT) activity results showed that there was no significance difference (p > or = 0.05) between the control group and treated groups while after 8 weeks of treatment showed that there was no significant different (p > or = 0.05) between control group and RPO group but the treated rat liver with PO, CO and COC groups were the lowest and it were significantly lower (> or = 0.05) than control group. For superoxide dismutase (SOD) there was no significance difference (p > or = 0.05) between the control group and treated groups of vegetable oils after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Thus the study indicated that there was no significant (p > or = 0.05) effect on antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase) but there was significant effect (p > or = 0.05) on catalase in rat liver.  相似文献   

Influence of Nitrogen and Saline Water on the Growth and Partitioning of Mineral Content in Maize     

Muhammad Irshad  A. Egrinya Eneji  Riaz A. Khattak  Abdullah Khan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):458-469

ABSTRACT

Saline irrigation water has a tremendous impact on the yield potential of crops. Distribution of mineral elements in the parts of maize plant in response to saline water and nitrogen (N) nutrition was studied in a pot experiment for six weeks. Plants were irrigated either with tap water or saline water (ECw: 3.2 dSm^?1). Nitrogen was applied at the rate of 0, 50, 100 and 200-kg ha^?1 denoted as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively. Plants were separated into leaf, stem and root and analyzed for N, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) concentrations. Dry matter production of leaf, stem and root was significantly reduced with saline water. The partitioning of elements in plants was the function of nitrogen and saline water. The N concentration of plant parts varied in the order of leaf > stem > root. A significant decrease in the N content was noted in plants under saline water. The root contained the highest Na content, Ca and Mg were higher in the leaf, whereas K was highest in the stem under saline water. Sodium was highest in the root and the remainder elements were greatest in the stem under tap water. Potassium and Cl were significantly reduced by N level whereas the reverse was true for Ca, Mg and Na content. The Na/K, Na/Ca, and Na/Mg ratios were also higher in salt stressed plant parts due to higher accumulation of Na ion. Among N-fertilizer treatments the Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios were highest in control whereas Na/K increased with the addition of N. This study indicated that interaction of saline water and nitrogen has mixed effects on the partitioning of mineral elements in maize.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Macro- and Micronutrients in Cuphea     

Abdullah A. Jaradat  Jana L. Rinke 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1383-1406

Temporal dynamics of nutrient densities, their interrelationships, and remobilization from leaves to seeds of cuphea were quantified in growth chamber and field studies. Temporal nutrient densities in leaf samples exhibited large levels of variation, whether remobilized and largely accumulated in the seed [copper, (Cu), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn)], remobilized and accumulated in the seed coat [boron (B), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and sodium (Na)] or almost excluded from the seed [barium (Ba), selenium (Se) and strontium (Sr)]. The temporal seed-to-leaf nutrient density “[S]/[L]” ratios and the proportion of variance unique to each nutrient separated the nutrients into a group (Cu, Fe, S, and Zn) with large [S]/[L] ratios and large unique variances, and another group (B, Ca, Mg, Mn and Sr) with small [S]/[L] ratios and small unique variances; the first group was selectively stored in the developing embryo. Nutrients with large densities in leaves at harvest may constitute a resource potentially available for subsequent crops.  相似文献   

Competitive ability of some cover crop species against Asystasia gangetica and Pennisetum polystachion     

Batoul Samedani  Abdul Shukor Juraimi  Md. Parvez Anwar  Mohd Yusop Rafii  Sheikh Abdullah Sheikh Awadz  Abudul Rahim Anuar 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(7):571-582

Abstract

Asystasia gangetica and Pennisetum polystachion are the most troublesome weeds in oil palm plantations in Malaysia and establishment of cover crops under oil palms is an integral part of sustainable weed management in plantations. Replacement-series experiments were conducted to evaluate the mode and strength of competitiveness of four legume cover crop species, Calopogonium caeruleum, Centrosema pubescens, Mucuna bracteata and Pueraria javanica, and one soft grass species, Axonopus compressus, against Asystasia gangetica and Pennisetum polystachion. Relative yield, relative yield total and relative crowding coefficient were calculated with reference to shoot biomass. Asystasia gangetica was a consistently weaker competitor than Pennisetum polystachion. The legume cover crop species had higher relative yield when grown in mixtures, whereas the yield of Asystasia gangetica was lower in mixtures with legumes than in monoculture. The higher competitiveness of legumes was due to greater canopy height and leaf area index. Centrosema pubescens was a slightly weaker competitor than the other legumes. Although leaf area per plant of Centrosema pubescens did not differ from that of other three legumes, canopy height and blocking photosynthetically active radiation to the soil surface were lower. When grown with a cover crop for 12 weeks, dry weight per plant, leaf area and shoot number of Pennisetum polystachion increased as its proportion decreased in mixtures. Relative yield data indicated that Pennisetum polystachion is a strong competitor. Axonopus compressus was less susceptible to Pennisetum polystachion interference than the legumes. All cover crop species studied proved highly competitive against Asystasia gangetica, but none could compete against Pennisetum polystachion. The study confirms the feasibility of using a cover crop for management of Asystasia gangetica.  相似文献   

Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple varieties in response to gradual in vitro induced salinity     

Rida Shibli  Munir Mohammad  Abdullah Abu‐Ein  Mohammad Shatnawi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1209-1215

Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple (Malus dometsica Borkh) varieties (Galla, MM 111, MM I06, M 26, and M6 York) were studied under gradually in vitro induced NaCl (from 0, 50 to 100 mM) salinity. Microshoot dry weight tended to increase with increasing salinity level in all varieties except in M 26 and M6 York as some decline was obtained at 100 mM NaCl. Shoot proliferation was decreased significantly in Galla at 100 mM NaCl and at both salinity levels in M 26 compared to the control (0 mM). A significant decrease in shoot zinc (Zn) acquisition with increasing salinity level was obtained in all varieties except MM 111. M6 York and MM 111 decreased their copper (Cu) acquisition significantly at 50 mM NaCl and then increased at 100 mM salinity level. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in Cu acquisition with increasing NaCl concentration was obtained in Galla and M 26. Galla, MM 106, and M 26 showed a significant increase in manganese (Mn) acquisition at 50 mM NaCl followed by a decrease at 100 mM salinity level. On the other hand, Mn acquisition continued to decrease significantly in MM 111 while M6 York increased its Mn acquisition with increasing salinity. M 111 and M6 York showed a significant decrease in iron (Fe) acquisition at 50 mMNaCl followed by an increase at 100mM NaCl. Galla and M 26 continued to decrease Fe acquisition with elevated salinity level, whereas Fe in MM 106 increased with salinity.  相似文献   

REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION AND NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CUPHEA: A SEMI-DOMESTICATED OILSEED CROP     

Abdullah A. Jaradat 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1579-1599

Interrelationships between ontogeny, allometric mass, and carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios were quantified in Cuphea, a semi-domesticated indeterminate and phenotypically plastic potential oilseed crop. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were estimated as functions of growth stages, phenotypic traits and C:N:P ratios. Ontogenically, N:P ratios in reproductive and metabolic tissues were least variable and were mainly affected by allometric leaf mass and relative growth rate. Reproductive mass is best predicted by allometric stem mass and C:N ratio in structural and metabolic tissues; whereas, net assimilation rate is best predicted by allometric total branch length and relative growth rate. The conservative N:P ratios found in reproductive and metabolic tissues are important in determining reproductive allocation in Cuphea. Large antagonistic effects of C:N on N:P ratios found in different plant tissues suggest that maximum reproductive allocation can be attained by manipulating N:P ratio during ontogeny. A greater investment of resources in reproduction may be possible for this semi-domesticated crop if nutrient and mass allocation to supporting stems and roots can be altered for the benefit of reproductive biomass.  相似文献   

Antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in domestic livestock in Turkey     

Ahmet Kursat Azkur  Harun Albayrak  Ali Risvanli  Zuleyha Pestil  Emre Ozan  Oktay Yılmaz  Sukru Tonbak  Abdullah Cavunt  Hamza Kadı  Hasan Ceyhun Macun  Duygu Acar  Erhan Özenç  Sidal Alparslan  Hakan Bulut 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(8):1825-1828

This, partly retrospective study, was designed to determine the seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a new Orthobunyavirus first reported in Germany in late 2011, in domestic ruminants from the Middle Black Sea, West, and Southeast regions of Turkey. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen serum samples collected from slaughterhouse animals between 2006 and 2013. The overall seroprevalence was 335/1,362 (24.5 %) with 325/816 (39.8 %), 5/307 (1.6 %), 3/109 (2.8 %), and 2/130 (1.5 %) recorded in cattle, sheep, goats, and Anatolian water buffalo, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of antibodies to SBV in Turkish ruminants; it indicates that cattle are more susceptible to infection than sheep, goats, or buffalo and that exposure of domestic ruminants to SBV in Turkey may have occurred up to 5 years prior to the first recorded outbreak of the disease in 2011.  相似文献   

Distribution of Prosaposin mRNA in the Central Nervous System of the Pigeon (Columba livia)     

M. R. Islam  J. M. Abdullah  Y. Atoji 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2013,42(4):257-265

Bioassay and immunohistochemical studies have detected the presence of prosaposin in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. Here, first time, we have determined the partial cDNA sequence of pigeon prosaposin and mapped the distribution of its mRNA in the pigeon CNS. The predicted amino acid sequence of pigeon prosaposin showed 93 and 60% identity to chicken and human prosaposin, respectively. In situ hybridization, autoradiograms showed that the prosaposin mRNA expression was found in the olfactory bulb, prepiriform cortex, Wulst, mesopallium, nidopallium, hippocampal formation, thalamus, tuberis nucleus, pre‐tectal nucleus, nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis, nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis and magnocellularis, Edinger–Westphal nucleus, optic tectum, cerebellar cortex and nuclei, vestibular nuclei and gray matter of the spinal cord. These results suggest that the cDNA sequence of pigeon prosaposin is comparable to other vertebrates, and the general distribution pattern of prosaposin mRNA resembles those are found in mammals.  相似文献   

A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects     

M. M. Rahman  R. B. Abdullah  W. E. Wan Khadijah 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(4):605-614

Published data on oxalate poisoning in domestic animals are reviewed, with a focus on tolerance and performance. Oxalic acid is one of a number of anti‐nutrients found in forage. It can bind with dietary calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) to form insoluble Ca or Mg oxalate, which then may lead to low serum Ca or Mg levels as well as to renal failure because of precipitation of these salts in the kidneys. Dietary oxalate plays an important role in the formation of Ca oxalate, and a high dietary intake of Ca may decrease oxalate absorption and its subsequent urinary excretion. Oxalate‐rich plants can be supplemented with other plants as forage for domestic animals, which may help to reduce the overall intake of oxalate‐rich plants. Non‐ruminants appear to be more sensitive to oxalate than ruminants because in the latter, rumen bacteria help to degrade oxalate. If ruminants are slowly exposed to a diet high in oxalate, the population of oxalate‐degrading bacteria in the rumen increases sufficiently to prevent oxalate poisoning. However, if large quantities of oxalate‐rich plants are eaten, the rumen is overwhelmed and unable to metabolize the oxalate and oxalate‐poisoning results. Based on published data, we consider that <2.0% soluble oxalate would be an appropriate level to avoid oxalate poisoning in ruminants, although blood Ca level may decrease. In the case of non‐ruminants, <0.5% soluble oxalate may be acceptable. However, these proposed safe levels of soluble oxalate should be regarded as preliminary. Further studies, especially long‐term studies, are needed to validate and improve the recommended safe levels in animals. This review will encourage further research on the relationships between dietary oxalate, other dietary factors and renal failure in domestic animals.  相似文献