Absorption of potassium,sodium, calcium,and phosphorus by two date palm cultivars and the effect of Gibberellin treatment     

M. H. Al‐Whaibi  I. Al‐Ackhal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):991-1003

Experiments were conducted to avaluate the K, Na, Ca, and P uptake by seedlings of two date palm (phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, Khedhri and Sekkeri as well as the effect of gibberellin (GA₃) treatment, Khedhri cultivar showed a typical hyperbolic curve of absorption of K,N, end low concentration of Ca (up to 5mM) but at higher Ca concentration, there seems to be another phase of absorption. Sekkeri cultivar exhibited similar but lower absorption rate of K and Ca while Na seems to be extruded at lower substrate concentration. The rate of P uptake by Sekkeri was irregular. Applied GA₃ slightly stimulate Na uptake by Sekkeri cultivar but at 10^–4M GA₃ enhancement of both Ca and P accummulation in both cultivars was observed.  相似文献   

Influence of boron concentrations on some meta‐bolites of date palm and sorghum seedlings     

Fawzia S. Al‐Yousif  Mohammed H. Al‐Whaibi  Sayeda O. El‐Hirweris 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):1037-1052

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv Khedhri) and sorghum (sorghum Sudan grass hybrid cv sugar Graze 11) plants were grown in vermiculite in a controlled environment and watered with a nutrient solution containing eight different concentrations of boron (B) (0 to 500 ppm), six months for date palm and four weeks for sorghum. The chlorophyll (Chl) content of the seedlings increased significantly with low concentrations of B for both date palm and sorghum, but no further significant increases were observed at higher concentrations. Generally, there was a positive correlation between B and calcium (Ca) content in the tissues of both seedlings when B concentrations were increased in the media. A negative correlation was found between B concentration in the media and the tissue content of phenolic compounds and the activity of some enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidase, IAA‐oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase in the tissue, while there was a positive correlation in the case of peroxidase. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) increased significantly in date palm with the increase of B in the medium, but for sorghum, the increase occurred at 10–100 ppm and decreased at 300 and 500 ppm B in the media.  相似文献   

Growth,sodium, and potassium uptake and translocation in salt stressed tomato     

Ghazi N. Al‐Karaki 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):369-379

Salinity tolerance in some plant species has been related to characteristics of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) uptake and transport. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Rossel) plants were grown in nutrient solution to determine effects of two K levels [0.2 (low) and 2 mmol (high)] combined with 0, 100, and 200 mmol NaCl on growth, and on Na and K uptake and translocation. Net uptake rates of Na and K were determined by disappearance in the growth medium and by plant accumulation. At the low level of K in solution, salinity decreased shoot and root dry weight and leaf area. Addition of 2 mmol K ameliorated of the added NaCl effects and improved growth parameters. Salinity reduced net K uptake rates and to a lesser extent K translocation from root to shoot, which resulted in higher K shoot concentration and a lower K root concentration. The inhibitory effect of salinity on K translocation was greater with low K level in nutrient solution. Net uptake of K was dependent on K level in the growth medium. Addition of K resulted in decreases of shoot Na uptake. The translocation of Na from roots to shoots was reduced by K level in nutrient solution. These results indicate that K supply and K accumulation and regulation in plant tissue contribute to salt tolerance and growth enhancement.  相似文献   

Variations in growth, survival and carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) among Pinus pinaster populations of different geographic origins     

Correia I  Almeida MH  Aguiar A  Alía R  David TS  Pereira JS 《Tree physiology》2008,28(10):1545-1552

To evaluate differences in growth and adaptability of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), we studied growth, polycyclism, needle tissue carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) as an estimate of water-use efficiency (WUE) and survival of seven populations at 10 years of age growing in a performance trial at a provenance test site in Escaroupim, Portugal. Six populations were from relatively high rainfall sites in Portugal and southwestern France (Atlantic group), and one population was from a more arid Mediterranean site in Spain. There were significant differences between some populations in total height, diameter at breast height, delta(13)C of bulk needle tissue, polycyclism and survival. A population from central Portugal (Leiria, on the Atlantic coast) was the tallest and had the lowest delta(13)C. Overall, the variation in delta(13)C was better explained by the mean minimum temperatures of the coldest month than by annual precipitation at the place of origin. Analyses of the relationships between delta(13)C and growth or survival revealed a distinct pattern for the Mediterranean population, with low delta(13)C (and WUE) associated with the lowest growth potential and reduced survival. There were significant negative correlations between delta(13)C and height or survival in the Atlantic group. Variation in polycyclism was correlated with annual precipitation at the place of origin. Some Atlantic populations maintained a high growth potential while experiencing moderate water stress. A detailed knowledge of the relationships between growth, survival and delta(13)C in contrasting environments will enhance our ability to select populations for forestry or conservation.  相似文献   

Characterisation of sunflower root colonisation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoma macdonaldii</Emphasis>     

Taissir Abou Al Fadil  Alain Jauneau  Yves Martinez  Martina Rickauer  Grégory Dechamp-Guillaume 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):93-103

Phoma macdonaldii, the causal agent of black stem disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), also attacks roots and collars of the plants, resulting in early death. Totally resistant lines do not exist for infection of the aerial parts, but tolerant lines have been characterised. This paper presents a study on colonisation of a partially resistant and a susceptible sunflower line by P. macdonaldii. The fungus was transformed with a constitutively expressed reporter gene encoding the jellyfish green fluorescent protein via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and colonisation of sunflower roots by this transformed strain was studied by various microscopy techniques including confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that penetration of the fungus into the root occurred through natural fissures or through the epidermis and was similar in both lines. In contrast, the colonisation rate of the stele was reduced in the partially resistant line, and the morphology of the fungal hyphae was also affected. The effect on hyphal morphology was strongest in the stele, indicating a localised production of defence compounds in this line.  相似文献   

Intraspecific diversity of common barley resistance to fungal diseases most widespread in southern Dagestan     

B. A. Batasheva  A. A. Al’derov 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2009,35(3):150-152

A field assessment of a barley collection from the world gene pool for resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust pathogen is carried out against a natural infection background. Broad intraspecific polymorphism of common barley in these traits is shown. A comparative analysis of breeding and local forms is given. The ecogeographic confinement of the traits is studied for the example of local barleys.  相似文献   

The Potato Association of America     

Steven R. James  Lori Wing  Ronald Knight  Barbara Harrity  Devid H. Lambert  Bud Platt  Al Reeves  Bill Bohl  Lind Sanford  Alexander D. Pavlista  Ed Plissey  Richard Sawyer  Joe Guenthner  Willem Schrage  Edward B. Radcilffe  Nora Olsen  Jeff Miller  Rikki Sterrett  Gale W. Harding  Marcin Topoleweki 《American Journal of Potato Research》2000,77(6):369-390

  相似文献   

梅花鹿茸多肽新成分的提取分离及其生物效应研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

董万超  张秀莲  刘春华  张宝香  赵立波  田野 《特产研究》2000,22(2):7-10

梅花鹿二杠茸经４０％ＥｔＯＨ提取,用Ｍｅ２ＣＯ分级沉淀、离心分离,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ２５～５０柱层析纯化,得梅花鹿多肽Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分。测定了Ⅰ和Ⅱ的ＵＶ、ＩＲ光谱。生物效应实验表明,组分Ⅰ和Ⅱ均具有抗炎、促生长作用。  相似文献   

Inhibition of postharvest senescence of green leafy vegetables by exogenous D-cysteine and L-cysteine as precursors of hydrogen sulphide     

H. M. S. Al Ubeed  M. C. Bowyer  J.B. Golding 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(5):620-626

Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) inhibits senescence in harvested fruit and vegetables but presents logistical, safety and regulatory issues to become a commercial treatment. D-cysteine and L-cysteine are semi-essential amino acids that are metabolised to hydrogen sulphide by plant tissues albeit by different pathways. This paper examines the effect of cysteine on postharvest senescence of three green leafy vegetables. Spraying pak choy leaves with 10 mmol D-cysteine, L-cysteine or DL-cysteine inhibited leaf senescence through a delayed loss of green colour expressed as market life, reduced respiration rate and reduced ethylene production. The beneficial effects of cysteine were similar to those achieved by fumigation with hydrogen sulphide. L-cysteine sprays on parsley and peppermint leaves also showed reduced leaf colour loss and respiration compared to untreated leaves. Cysteine, either as the racemate or individual enantiomers, is considered to have commercial potential for green leafy vegetables as it provides the beneficial effect of hydrogen sulphide but should be easier to register for commercial use due to the GRAS status of L-cysteine.  相似文献   

The impact of foliar fertilizers on growth and biochemical responses of Thymus vulgaris to salinity stress     

Ahlem Zrig  Jorge F. S. Ferreira  Foued Hamouda  Taieb Tounekti  Samy Selim  Soad Al Jaouni 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(3):297-320

Salinity reduces plant biomass and may lead to death when severe. To cope with the negative effects of this stress, plant species present specific physiological or biochemical responses. In this work, we hypothesized that spraying salt-stressed thyme leaves with K⁺ and Ca²⁺ could mitigate the negative effects of salinity on plant growth and metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we grew thyme plants under salinity stress for two and four weeks before applying foliar sprays. Also, to test the effect of stress relief, treated plants were allowed two weeks of recovery after four weeks of salt stress. In general, after two and four weeks of salinity stress, the leaf fresh weight of thyme plants was reduced by 31 and 43%, respectively. Salinity also decreased the relative water content, water, and osmotic potentials and led to ion imbalances and nutrient deficiencies. Salinity altered concentration of some essential oils, but leaf antioxidant contents remained fairly stable, except for a significant increase for plants under NaCl?+?KCl two weeks after treatment. Our results indicated that stressed plants accumulated significantly more soluble sugars and amino acids in comparison with the control. Foliar sprays with KCl and CaCl₂ reversed the negative effects of salinity on plant biomass and induced the accumulations of compatible solutes. Moreover, concentrations of some essential oils and gallic acid increased in sprayed plants, but these effects were dependent on the type and duration of the treatment. Overall, spraying leaves with K⁺ and Ca²⁺ was able to mitigate salinity stress in Thymus vulgaris even during the recovery period.  相似文献