Effect of increasing the time between slurry application and first rainfall event on phosphorus concentrations in runoff     

Sharon M. O’Rourke  Robert H. Foy  Catherine J. Watson  Alan Gordon  Suzanne Higgins  Peter A. Vadas 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):611-621

Minimizing slurry phosphorus (P) losses in runoff requires careful management in the context of both soil P surpluses and changing patterns in rainfall. Increasing the time interval between slurry application and the first rainstorm event is known to reduce P loss in runoff although the risk period for elevated P concentrations in runoff can extend for weeks. This study investigated the impact of increasing the time interval between slurry application and first rainstorm event on P concentrations in runoff. Simulated rainfall (40 mm h⁻¹) was applied at 2, 4, 10, 18, 30 and 49 days after dairy slurry was surface-applied to a grassland sward in Ireland. Increasing time to runoff resulted in a decrease in dissolved reactive P concentrations from 5.0 to 1.0 mg P L⁻¹ and a P signal in runoff for 18 days. Beyond 18 days, elevated P concentrations were observed in runoff collected from natural rainfall that preceded the day 49 rainstorm event. A published surface phosphorus and runoff model (SurPhos) was used to understand the slurry P dynamics controlling P interactions with runoff. Dissolved reactive P in runoff was predicted with accuracy by SurPhos, R² = .89. The SurPhos model implied that slurry P mineralization occurred during the experimental period that resulted in a small spike in P concentrations beyond the defined risk period. This study shows that the experimental data have the potential to be extrapolated to different weather scenarios using SurPhos and could test when and where slurry P could be most safely spread.  相似文献   

Distribution and eco-geographic characterization of Carica papaya L. native to Mexico     

Hernández-Salinas  Gregorio  Luna-Cavazos  Mario  Soto-Estrada  Alejandra  García-Pérez  Eliseo  Pérez-Vázquez  Arturo  Córdova-Téllez  Leobigildo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):99-116

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Carica papaya L. is an important plant genetic resource that has a low level of genetic erosion. Knowing the distribution and eco-geography of native C....  相似文献   

Amino acid digestibility in low-fat distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs     

Shelby Marie Curry  Diego Mario David Labadan Navarro  Ferdinando Nielsen Almeida  Juliana Abranches Soares Almeida  Hans Henrik Stein 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):27

The objective of this experiment was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 3 sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with different concentrations of fat. Twelve growing barrows (initial body weight: 76.1 ± 6.2 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 6 × 4 Youden square design with 6 diets and 4 periods. The fat content of the 3 sources of DDGS were 11.5, 7.5, and 6.9% respectively. Diets contained 60% DDGS and fat concentration of the diets were 7.5, 5.2, and 5.2%, respectively. Two additional diets containing the 2 sources of DDGS with 7.5 and 6.9% fat were also formulated, and corn oil was added to these diets to increase the concentration of fat in the diets to levels that were calculated to be similar to the diet containing conventional DDGS with 11.5% fat. A N-free diet was also formulated to calculate endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA from the pigs. Pigs were fed experimental diets during four 7-d periods. The first 5 d of each period were an adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected on d 6 and 7 of each period. The apparent ileal digestibililty (AID) and SID of CP and all indispensable AA, except AID Pro and SID of Trp, were greater (P < 0.01) in conventional DDGS than in the 2 sources of DDGS with reduced fat. Adding oil to the diets containing the 2 sources of DDGS with reduced fat did not consistently increase SID of AA. In conclusion, conventional DDGS has greater SID values for most AA compared with DDGS that contains less fat and inclusion of additional oil to diets containing low-fat DDGS does not increase AID or SID of AA. The lower AA digestibility in low-fat DDGS could not be overcome by the inclusion of additional fat to the diets.  相似文献   

Using detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat to expand knowledge and assist felid conservation in Misiones,Argentina     

Karen E. DeMATTEO  Miguel A. RINAS  Carina F. ARGÜELLES  Bernardo E. HOLMAN  Mario S. DI BITETTI  Barbara DAVENPORT  Patricia G. PARKER  Lori S. EGGERT 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(5):623-639

Many carnivores require large ranges to meet their ecological and energetic needs; however, anthropogenic changes threaten species and their habitats. Camera traps have been used to effectively collect data on carnivores in a variety of habitat types; however, a single survey effort is typically limited to species that have similar body size, habitat use and movement patterns, and individual identification of animals is not always possible. We evaluated whether scat detection dogs could effectively survey for 4 wide‐ranging felids that vary in these characteristics: jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and oncillas (Leopardus tigrinus). From June to October 2009 and May to August 2011, a detection dog‐handler team detected 588 scats, from which 176 unique genotypes were detected. We assigned sex to 84.7% of the genotyped scats and identified 55 individuals multiple times. The effectiveness of these noninvasive techniques (detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat) not only opens the door for additional studies in areas that were previously difficult or impossible with standard survey techniques, but also provides conservationists with a set of tools that overcome some of the limitations associated with the use of camera traps alone.  相似文献   

Elderly visitors of an urban park,health anxiety and individual awareness of nature experiences     

Angel Mario Dzhambov  Donka Dimitrova Dimitrova 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):806-813

There is increasing evidence of a positive relation between green spaces in people's living environment and self-reported indicators of physical and mental health. However, to this moment health anxiety has not been contextualized in the light of the restorative and anxiolytic experiences of urban nature nor has it been studied in reference to the awareness of nature experiences. We aimed to determine whether “awareness of nature experiences” was a significant modifier of the beneficial effects of interaction of older citizens with urban green spaces. This construct represents the purposeful and conscious interaction with nature, a specific behaviour pre-formed as a cognitive representation of the “self” in a natural context, providing an internal replica of the previously experienced external natural world which guides people when they choose to visit an urban park. A cross-sectional interview study was conducted amongst 97 elderly visitors of “Tzar Simeon Garden” Park in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. After controlling for “awareness of nature experiences”, hierarchical multiple regression model accounted for 94% of the variance in health anxiety. The independent variables “appreciation of bird songs”, “appreciation of vegetation”, “weekly visits to the park” and “years of visiting the park” remained significant, but their power decreased, and “age” became non-significant predictor. The overall predictive capacity of the model rose significantly after “awareness of nature experiences” was added. In conclusion, health anxiety among Bulgarian elderly adults is somewhat higher than in other similar populations but still does not exceed acceptable levels. The actual interaction and experiences of the park were predictors of health anxiety independent from confounding factors. Their power, however, was to some extent dependent on individual “awareness of nature experiences”, which had unique contribution to the model.  相似文献   

Hypertrophic scar in a dog: histological and clinical features     

Avallone G  Bonaldi M  Caniatti M  Lombardo R 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(4):367-372

An adult male bullmastiff dog was treated for paraparesis and ataxia due to discospondylitis and disc herniation. At this time, the dog had a nonhealing ulcer between the pads of the left hindfoot. At re-evaluation, the dog had developed a large exophitic mass in the previously ulcerated area. Cytological examination revealed occasional spindle cells with mild atypia, and a soft tissue tumour was suspected. The mass was excised and submitted for histology. The lesion was characterized by superficial ulceration, an intermediate layer of granulation tissue and a deep portion containing vertically orientated capillaries and perpendicularly arranged fibroblasts and collagen. The histological features led to a diagnosis of hypertrophic scar. Eight weeks after surgery, the lesion recurred and was treated with an intralesional injection of methylprednisolone acetate. The lesion regressed in 10 days, but recurred after 3 months following severe self-trauma. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are two types of exuberant scarring reported in human beings, the pathogenesis of which is still unclear but seems to involve several cytokines, growth factors and inflammatory cells. The histological features identified in this case paralleled those reported in hypertrophic scars in humans. In this case, intralesional corticosteroid therapy was useful in the management of the lesion, but the severe self-trauma could have influenced the recurrence. Even if uncommon, hypertrophic scar should be included among the differential diagnoses of spindle cell tumours in dogs.  相似文献   

Molecular epidemiological survey of Theileria orientalis in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam     

Khukhuu A  Lan DT  Long PT  Ueno A  Li Y  Luo Y  Macedo AC  Matsumoto K  Inokuma H  Kawazu S  Igarashi I  Xuan X  Yokoyama N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):701-705

Theileria orientalis is a benign bovine protozoan parasite that occasionally causes serious economic loss in the livestock industry. We report the findings of a molecular epidemiological survey of T. orientalis in 94 Vietnamese yellow cattle, 43 water buffaloes, 21 sheep, 21 goats and 85 blood-sucking ticks of cattle in the Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam. The major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene of T. orientalis was detected using polymerase chain reaction from 13 cattle (13.8%), 11 water buffaloes (25.6%), 1 sheep (4.8%) and 9 ticks (10.6%). Phylogenetic analysis using MPSP gene sequences showed the presence of seven genotypes, four previously categorized genotypes (Types 1, 3, 5 and 7) and three new genotypes (Types N-1, N-2 and N-3).  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in the Romanian wild boar population     

Turcitu MA  Wellenberg GJ  Barboi G  Codreanu MD  Vuta VB  Nicolae S  Barbuceanu F  Coste H  Cioranu R 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):e103-e106

In this study, we have analyzed 23 PCV2 ORF2 sequences recovered from wild boar population in Romania. The PCV2 sequences were originated from different geographical regions in Romania, and collected between 2008 and 2009 during the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) surveillance campaign. Complete open reading frame 2 (ORF2) nucleotide sequences were obtained and compared with sequences mainly from European and Asian isolates. The Romanian sequences were identified as belonging to previously described clusters 2a and 2b, with high degree of heterogeneity (PCV2 ORF2 nucleotide homology ranged between 90.1% and 100%). Interestingly, for cluster 2a, the majority of the sequences (8 from a total number of 9) clustered mainly with the Asian isolates (especially China, but also India and South Korea), with three exceptions from Europe previously reported in Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands.  相似文献   

A case-control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs     

Stavisky J  Radford AD  Gaskell R  Dawson S  German A  Parsons B  Clegg S  Newman J  Pinchbeck G 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,99(2-4):185-192

Diarrhoea is a common and multi-factorial condition in dogs, the aetiology of which is often incompletely understood. A case-control study was carried out to compare the carriage of some common canine enteric pathogens (enteric coronavirus, parvovirus, distemper, endoparasites, Campylobacter and Salmonella spp.), as well as lifestyle factors such as vaccination history, diet and contact with other species, in dogs presenting at first opinion veterinary practices with and without diarrhoea. Multivariable conditional logistic regression showed that dogs in the study which scavenged or had had a recent change of diet (OR 3.5, p=0.002), had recently stayed in kennels (OR 9.5, p=0.01), or were fed a home-cooked diet (OR 4, p=0.002) were at a significantly greater risk of diarrhoea, whilst being female (OR 0.4, p=0.01), currently up to date with routine vaccinations (OR 0.4, p=0.05) and having contact with horse faeces (OR 0.4, p=0.06) were associated with a reduced risk. None of the pathogens tested for was a significant factor in the final multivariable model suggesting that in this predominantly vaccinated population, diarrhoea may be more associated with lifestyle risk factors than specific pathogens.  相似文献   

Targeting arthropod subolesin/akirin for the development of a universal vaccine for control of vector infestations and pathogen transmission     

de la Fuente J  Moreno-Cid JA  Canales M  Villar M  de la Lastra JM  Kocan KM  Galindo RC  Almazán C  Blouin EF 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(1):17-22

Diseases caused by arthropod-borne pathogens greatly impact on human and animal health. Recent research has provided evidence that tick protective antigens can be used for development of vaccines with the dual target of controlling arthropod infestations and reducing their vector capacity for pathogens. As reviewed herein, protective antigens such as subolesin/akirin, which are highly conserved across vector species, show promise for use in development of a universal vaccine for the control of arthropod infestations and the reduction of pathogen transmission. However, further research is needed in critical areas towards achieving this goal.  相似文献