Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in cats     

Redondo JI  Suesta P  Gil L  Soler G  Serra I  Soler C 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(8):206

A retrospective study of 275 anaesthetic records of cats was undertaken to examine the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia, its clinical predictors and consequences. Temperature was recorded throughout anaesthesia. The temperature reached at the end was classified as hyperthermia (>39.50 °C), normothermia (38.50 to 39.50 °C), slight hypothermia (38.49 to 36.50 °C), moderate hypothermia (36.49 to 34.00 °C) or severe hypothermia (<34.00 °C). Statistical analysis consisted of multiple regression to identify the factors that affect the temperature at the end of the procedure. Before premedication, the mean (sd) temperature was 38.2 (1.0) °C. At 60, 120 and 180 minutes from induction, the temperature was 35.4 (1.4) °C, 35.0 (1.5) °C and 34.6 (1.5) °C, respectively. The prevalence of hypothermia was slight 26.5 per cent (95 per cent CI 21.7 to 32.0 per cent), moderate 60.4 per cent (95 per cent CI 54.5 to 66.0 per cent) and severe 10.5 per cent (95 per cent CI 7.4 to 14.7 per cent). The variables associated with a decrease in the temperature recorded at the end of anaesthesia were the duration of anaesthesia, the reason for anaesthesia (abdominal and orthopaedic surgeries significantly reduced the temperature when compared with minor procedures) and the anaesthetic risk (high-risk cats showed lower temperatures than low-risk cats). The temperature before premedication was associated with an increase in the final temperature.  相似文献   

Heart and respiratory rates and adrenal response to propofol or alfaxalone in rabbits     

Gil AG  Silván G  Villa A  Illera JC 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(17):444

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Risk factors for avian influenza and Newcastle disease in smallholder farming systems, Madagascar highlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rasamoelina Andriamanivo H  Lancelot R  Maminiaina OF  Rakotondrafara TF  Jourdan M  Renard JF  Gil P  Servan de Almeida R  Albina E  Martinez D  Tillard E  Rakotondravao R  Chevalier V 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(1-2):114-124

Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are issues of interest to avian producers in Madagascar. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the major constraint for village aviculture, and avian influenza viruses type A (AIAV) are known to circulate in bird flocks. This study aims at classifying smallholder poultry farms, according to the combination of risk factors potentially associated with NDV and AIAV transmission and to assess the level of infection for each farm class. Two study sites, Lake Alaotra and Grand Antananarivo, were chosen with respect to their differences in terms of agro-ecological features and poultry productions. A typology survey involving 526 farms was performed to identify possible risk factors for (i) within-village, and (ii) between-village virus transmission. A cross-sectional serological study was also carried out in 270 farms to assess sero-prevalences of NDV and AIAV for each farm class and the link between them and risk factor patterns. For within-village transmission, four classes of farms were identified in Grand Antananarivo and five in Lake Alaotra. For between-village virus transmission, four classes of farms were identified for each site. In both sites, NDV sero-prevalence was higher than for AIAV. There was no evidence of the presence of H5 or H7 subtypes of AIAV. Sero-prevalences were significantly higher in Lake Alaotra than in Grand Antananarivo for both viruses (OR=2.4, p=0.02 for NDV, and OR=9.6, p<0.0001 for AIAV). For within-village NDV transmission in Grand Antananarivo, backyard chicken farms (OR=3.6, p<0.001), and chicken farms with biosecurity awareness (OR=3.4, p<0.01) had greater odds of having antibodies against NDV than the others. For between-village virus transmission, farms with multiple external contacts, and farms using many small markets had greater odds of having antibodies against NDV than the others (OR=5.4, p<0.01). For AIAV, there were no differences in sero-prevalences among farm classes. In Lake Alaotra, the observed high density of palmipeds and widespread rice paddies were associated with high sero-prevalences for both viruses, and a homogeneous risk of virus transmission between the different farm classes. In Grand Antananarivo, farm visits by collectors or animal health workers, and farm contacts with several markets were identified as potential risk factors for NDV transmission. Further studies are needed to identify the circulating virus genotypes, model their transmission risk, and provide adapted control measures.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the on-line electrical conductivity of milk in mastitic dairy cows     

Gáspárdy A  Ismach G  Bajcsy AC  Veress G  Márkus S  Komlósi I 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(1):145-155

Mastitis is a persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue, which entails a decline in potassium, and is also responsible for a higher somatic cell count (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk. The measurement of EC is an indirect, rapid method to detect subclinical mastitis from milk. The aim of this study was to analyse the EC of milk throughout the lactation, around the day of mastitis detection, and also to estimate its heritability based on data from a large-scale dairy farm. Shortly after calving the EC value generally decreases; however, it was discovered that from the thirteenth week onwards, substantial differences arise between the mastitic and healthy groups of cows. The authors observed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in EC before the detection of clinical mastitis. This higher value (around 11 mS) persisted for 4 days, then it gradually returned to the normal level. The EC of milk from daughters sired by different bulls responded differently in case of mastitis. The heritability of EC seems to be high (h2 = 0.56). Therefore, the EC trait can be a beneficial indicator in detecting mastitis and should be considered in sire selection.  相似文献   

Evaluation in broilers of the probiotic properties of Pichia pastoris and a recombinant P. pastoris containing the Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene     

Gil de los Santos JR  Storch OB  Fernandes CG  Gil-Turnes C 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(3-4):448-451

The probiotic properties of Pichia pastoris and of a recombinant P. pastoris containing the Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene were evaluated in broilers. One-day-old chicks randomly divided in four groups were fed with commercial feed devoid of antibacterials. The control group (1) received plain food, while the other groups were supplemented with either P. pastoris (2), the recombinant P. pastoris (3) or Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi (4). At day 49, live weights, feed efficiency and seroconversions were higher (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups than in the control groups. Group 3 showed the best results, while group 2 had lower weight gain than groups 3 and 4 although food conversion was better than in group 4. Seroconversions were not different (P>0.05) among the supplemented groups. Adverse reactions were not observed in histopathologic evaluation. We concluded that P. pastoris and the recombinant P. pastoris could be used as probiotics in broilers.  相似文献   

Use of a novel double uterine deposition artificial insemination technique using low concentrations of sperm in pigs     

Mozo-Martín R  Gil L  Gómez-Rincón CF  Dahmani Y  García-Tomás M  Úbeda JL  Grandía J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):251-256

Currently, the three most important non-surgical artificial insemination systems used in pigs are the conventional, the post-cervical (IUI), and the deep-intrauterine (DIUI) methods. In this study, a new system, termed double uterine deposition insemination (DUDI), which combines aspects of both IUI and DIUI, was evaluated. This method used a thinner, shorter and more flexible catheter than those normally used for DIUI and resulted in the deposition of semen post-cervically, approximately half-way along the uterine horn, thus potentially by-passing the threat of 'unilateral' insemination or pregnancy when using sperm of low concentration. The experiment was carried out over 8 weeks on a group of 166 sows, which were divided into seven groups, inseminated with semen of varying concentration, using the conventional system (control group) or by DUDI. There were no significant differences in fertility at day 35 post-insemination between the controls and the various DUDI sub-groups. Only sows inseminated with 500 million viable spermatozoa in a total of 30 mL of fluid using the DUDI system demonstrated decreased total litter sizes when compared to conventional insemination (P<0.001). While conventional insemination normally uses 2.5-3.5 billion sperm, the findings of this study suggest that DUDI can be used under 'field' conditions with sperm concentrations as low as 750 million spermatozoa in 50-30 mL without any detrimental effect on fertility or litter size. DUDI may provide a viable, robust alternative to IUI and DIUI, and has the potential to become incorporated into on-farm insemination systems.  相似文献   

Obtaining raw material: plants as tool sources for nigerian chimpanzees     

Pascual-Garrido A  Buba U  Nodza G  Sommer V 《Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology》2012,83(1):24-44

We investigated the acquisition of plant materials from which Nigerian chimpanzees manufacture wooden tools to harvest insects and honey from nests of army ants, honey bees and stingless bees. Slender trunks of juvenile trees and branches are most commonly used, and bendable vines rarely, probably reflecting the need to work with relatively sturdy tools to extract resources. While several tools are sometimes sourced from the same plant, there is also evidence for a depletion effect, as multiple tool sources at the same site are often spaced several metres apart. Identified tool sources belong to 27 species of at least 13 families. Honey-gathering implements are often chewed upon by chimpanzees. Interestingly, twigs of the most commonly used honey-gathering species possess antibacterial propensities and are favoured by Nigerians as chewing sticks. This suggests that extractive tools might possess associated medicinal or stimulatory properties. We do not know if chimpanzees actively select specific plant parts or species as we cannot compare observed with expected frequencies. Nevertheless, about three quarters of tools are picked from plants more than 6 m away from the extraction site, potentially indicating some degree of forward planning.  相似文献   

Ultrasound‐guided ‘two‐in‐one’ femoral and obturator nerve block in the dog: an anatomical study     

Diego F Echeverry  Francisco G Laredo  Francisco Gil  Eliseo Belda  Marta Soler  Amalia Agut 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(6):611-617

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dye extent and distribution at the lumbar plexus (LP) of three volumes of local anaesthetic-methylene-blue solution administered close to the femoral nerve (FN) by the use of a ventral ultrasound (US)-guided suprainguinal approach (SIA).Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsTwenty mongrel canine cadavers weighing 17.7 ± 3.8 kg (mean ± SD).MethodsThe left and right LP of two cadavers were dissected to identify the FN, obturator nerve (ON) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). The extent and distribution of dye at the LP of each of three volumes of injectate of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mL kg^?1 administered close to the FN by a ventral US-guided SIA then were studied in a further 18 dog cadavers (n = 6 per group). Staining of ≥2 cm along the target nerves was indicative of sufficient spread to produce a nerve block.ResultsThe ventral US-guided SIA allowed the observation of the FN within the iliopsoas muscle (IPM) in a total of 17 cadavers. The assessment of the dye extent and distribution revealed a similar pattern regardless of the injected volume. From the injection site, the spreading of injectate occurred in cranial, lateral and caudal directions. The FN and ON were effectively stained in all the cases. The LFCN was not effectively stained in any case.Conclusions and clinical relevanceA volume of 0.2 mL kg^?1 administered close to the FN by a ventral US-guided SIA produced a sufficient distribution of the injectate within the IPM to produce effective staining of the FN and ON. This US-guided technique may be an appropriate alternative to previously reported techniques based on electrolocation to block the FN and ON in the dog.  相似文献   

Diversity of Jerusalem artichoke clones (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> L.) from the INRA-Montpellier collection     

Hervé Serieys  Irénée Souyris  Alain Gil  Bernard Poinso  André Bervillé 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(8):1207-1215

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Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas     

Kyle L. Tofflemire  R. David Whitley  David M. Wong  Kenneth R. Waller III  Ronald K. Myers  Angela E. Pillatzki  Gil Ben‐Shlomo 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(2):149-152

An 11‐year‐old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right‐sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperattenuating mass with peripheral mineralization in the rostroventral aspect of each lateral ventricle. The mare was euthanized due to a guarded to poor prognosis. On histopathology, the masses consisted of clusters of cholesterol clefts admixed with leukocytes, mineral deposits, and connective tissue. Cholesterinic granulomas of the lateral ventricles and hydrocephaly were diagnosed. Cholesterinic granulomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses presenting for intermittent blindness.  相似文献