Phyto-dehydration of confined sludge: a sustainable approach for the management of polluted ponds     

Dario Liberati  Paolo Sconocchia  Anna Ricci  Giovanni Gigliotti  Chiara Tacconi  Paola Grenni  Sara Tariciotti  Anna Barra Caracciolo  Angelo Massacci  Alessandra Lagomarsino  Paolo De Angelis 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2292-2304

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Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extract of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and of Acorus calamus L     

Marongiu B  Piras A  Porcedda S  Scorciapino A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(20):7939-7943

Volatile concentrates from the oleo-gum resin of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus were isolated by supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide. The volatile oil of myrrh was obtained at 9.0 MPa and 50 degrees C and at a CO2 flow of 1.5 kg/h. Acorus calamus was extracted at 9.0 MPa and 45 degrees C and at a CO2 flow of 1.6 kg/h. In both cases, an oil devoid of cuticular waxes was obtained with a single depressurization stage. The SFE myrrh oil had a yield, Y, of 3.2%. Its main components, identified and quantified by GC/MS, were furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, 34.9%; lindestrene, 12.9%; curzerene, 8.5%; and germacrone, 5.8%. The essential oils from the same starting material by hydrodistillation, HD, (Y = 2.8%) and by steam distillation, SD, (Y = 0.4%) were quite similar to the SFE extract. The main components of the SFE oil of A. calamus (Y = 3.5%) were acorenone, 13.4%; iso-acorone, 11.6%; (Z)-sesquilavandulol, 11.0%; dehydroxy isocalamendiol, 7.7%; and beta-asarone, 5.5%. The comparison with hydrodistilled (Y = 1.8%) and steam distilled (Y = 1.0%) oils revealed large differences in the content of iso-acorone and crypto-acorone.  相似文献   

Mycorrhizal activity and diversity in a long-term organic Mediterranean agroecosystem   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefano Bedini  Luciano Avio  Cristiana Sbrana  Alessandra Turrini  Paola Migliorini  Concetta Vazzana  Manuela Giovannetti 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(7):781-790

In organic agriculture, soil fertility and productivity rely on biological processes carried out by soil microbes, which represent the key elements of agroecosystem functioning. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fundamental microorganisms for soil fertility, plant nutrition and health, may play an important role in organic agriculture by compensating for the reduced use of fertilizers and pesticides. Though, AMF activity and diversity following conversion from conventional to organic farming are poorly investigated. Here we studied AMF abundance, diversity and activity in short- and long-term organically and conventionally managed Mediterranean arable agroecosystems. Our results show that both AMF population activity, as assessed by the mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP) assay, the percentage of colonized root length of the field crop (maize) and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) content were higher in organically managed fields and increased with time since transition to organic farming. Here, we showed an increase of GRSP content in arable organic systems and a strong correlation with soil MIP values. The analysis of AMF spores showed differences among communities of the three microagroecosystems in terms of species richness and composition as suggested by a multivariate analysis. All our data indicate that AMF respond positively to the transition to organic farming by a progressive enhancement of their activity that seems independent from the species richness of the AMF communities. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of agricultural managements on AMF, which represent a promising tool for the implementation of sustainable agriculture.  相似文献   

Soil solid phases effects on the proteomic analysis of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34     

Laura Giagnoni  Francesca Magherini  Loretta Landi  Safiyh Taghavi  Daniel van der Lelie  Michele Puglia  Laura Bianchi  Luca Bini  Paolo Nannipieri  Giancarlo Renella  Alessandra Modesti 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(4):425-433

Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 is a completely sequenced soil-borne beta-proteobacterium with known genome and proteome. Comparative 2-D electrophoresis and protein mass spectrometry were used to compare the proteome of C. metallidurans CH34 from liquid culture and after incubation for 1, 3, and 12?days in microcosms containing quartz sand, kaolinite, montmorillonite, or an artificial soil. Results showed that proteome from liquid culture was similar to CH34 proteins extracted from sand and kaolinite, whereas the proteins extracted from artificial soil differed significantly and no proteins were detected from C. metallidurans CH34 incubated in the montmorillonite microcosms. Protein recovery decreased on prolonging incubation time in all microcosms. Mass spectrometry identification showed that the trend of lower recovery upon incubation time was independent on the putative function of protein. These results suggest that the soil solid phase influences the protein recovery and soil proteomic analysis and that distinction between protein recovery and protein expression in soil will be a challenging for soil proteomic researchers.  相似文献   

Lab-scale feasibility tests for sediment treatment using different physico-chemical techniques     

Gianni Andreottola  Luca Bonomo  Giorgia De Gioannis  Elisa Ferrarese  Aldo Muntoni  Alessandra Polettini  Raffaella Pomi  Sabrina Saponaro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(1):142-150

Purpose  

The fairly high amounts of sediments dredged in coastal or internal water bodies for navigational and/or environmental purposes claims for the identification of appropriate management strategies. Dredged sediments are frequently affected by organic and inorganic contamination, so that their reuse, as an alternative to final landfill disposal, could need remediation. In this framework, a two-year joint research project was carried out to assess the feasibility of different remediation technologies for the treatment of polluted sediments.  相似文献   

Soil organic carbon and fractions of a Rhodic Ferralsol under the influence of tillage and crop rotation systems in southern Brazil   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

Alessandra A. Freixo  Pedro Luiz O. de A. Machado  Henrique. P. dos Santos  Carlos A. Silva  Francisco de S. Fadigas 《Soil & Tillage Research》2002,64(3-4):221-230

Soil organic matter (SOM) and its different pools have key importance in optimizing crop production, minimizing negative environmental impacts, and thus improving soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil C and N contents in bulk soil and in different SOM pools (light and heavy fractions) of a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol after 13 years of different tillage and crop rotations in Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from no-tillage (no soil disturbance except for sowing; NT) and conventional tillage (disc plough followed by light disc harrowings; CT) applied to wheat/soybean (W/S) and wheat/soybean–vetch/maize (W/S–V/M) rotations. As reference, soil was sampled from a non-cultivated area adjacent to the field experiment. The greatest soil C and N contents were found in non-cultivated soils in the 0–5 cm depth (45 g C kg⁻¹ soil and 3.6 g N kg⁻¹ soil). Crop cultivation led to a decrease in SOM content which was higher for CT soils (approx. 60% decrease in C and N contents) than NT soils (approx. 43% decrease in C and N contents) at 0–5 cm. Tillage had the greatest impact on soil C and N storage. Soils under NT did not contain higher C and N storage than CT soils below 5 cm depth. Significantly, higher amounts of organic carbon of FLF in CT (0.5–0.7 g C kg⁻¹ soil) than in NT soils (0.2 g C kg⁻¹ soil) at 10–20 cm depth were also observed and the differences in C and N storage between CT and NT soils in the 0–30 cm layer were not significant. Silt and clay fractions contained the largest amount of organic carbon (60–95% of total organic carbon), and free light fraction was the most sensitive pool of organic carbon to detect changes in SOM due to soil tillage and crop rotations.  相似文献   

RAPD variation in a germplasm collection of Myracrodruon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), an endangered tropical tree: Recommendations for conservation   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Alessandra Maria Moreira Reis  Dario Grattapaglia 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):529-538

RAPD markers were used to investigate the distribution of genetic variability in a germplasm collection of the dioecious tropical tree Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) composed of open pollinated maternal half-sib families collected from trees at least 300 meters apart and grouped in nine collection areas throughout its geographical range in Brazil. Open pollinated families from nearby trees from two natural populations were also included in the study. A Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) based on genetic similarities estimated with 83 RAPD markers showed no defined clustering among individuals from the same collection areas. However, a matrix correlation test showed low, but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.17; p < 0.02). An AMOVA showed that 92% of the genetic variation is found within collection areas. Significant variation was found both between regions and between areas within regions although only 3.54 and 4.44% of the variation was found at these levels respectively. An AMOVA on the individuals from the two natural populations resulted in a pattern of distribution congruent to the one found for the collection areas, with 97% of variability within populations. An analysis of 10 open-pollinated half-sib families revealed that between 75% and 89% of the variability is contained within families, suggesting that seeds from one tree represent a significant proportion of the variability found in the population. These results indicate that, either for the establishment of in situ genetic reserves or for ex situ conservation, efforts should be directed to the conservation of several individual trees or collection of open pollinated seed families in a few distant sites. In addition, if resources are available to enlarge the genetic base of the existing collection, expeditions should prioritize collection sites located in areas at significant distances to those already sampled.  相似文献   

Agronomic,nutritive value,reproductive, cytogenetic,and molecular aspects of Paspalum accessions: Contribution to the development of new forage cultivars     

Frederico de Pina Matta  Alessandra Pereira Fávero  Bianca Baccili Zanotto Vigna  Marisa Toniolo Pozzobon  Sergio Raposo de Medeiros  Waldomiro Barioni Júnior  Marcelo Mattos Cavallari 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(1):101-118

This study investigated the agronomic, nutritive value, cytogenetic, molecular, and reproductive aspects of twenty-five Paspalum accessions to support breeding programs. The agronomic aspects and the nutritive value were evaluated in a randomized block experimental design with four replications, and with monthly repeated measures for 2 years. For the molecular characterization 16 microsatellite markers developed for different Paspalum species in previous works were used. The number of chromosomes was determined by visualizing the meiotic cells and the DNA content was determined by flow cytometry. The embryo sac clarification technique was used to characterize the reproductive system. T he results indicated genetic variability for all the variables related to yield and nutritive value. For almost all variables, the values of Paspalum accessions were higher than those of the commercial cultivars Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, used as references. However, the accessions showed in vitro dry matter digestibility values lower than the mean value presented by the references. The groups formed in the molecular analysis showed correspondence to the groups observed in the principal components analysis, considering the variables related to yield and nutritive value. Most accessions were revealed to be tetraploid with 40 chromosomes and most accessions belonging to the Virgata group displayed a sexual embryo sac structure . Some crosses can be indicated for genetic breeding, due to a superior genomic affinity between the accessions and the higher probability of heterosis in the progeny. These results provide subsidies to genetic plant breeding programs that use these accessions.  相似文献   

Exploring Chemical Diversity of Phorbas Sponges as a Source of Novel Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery     

Alessia Caso  Fernanda Barbosa da Silva  Germana Esposito  Roberta Teta  Gerardo Della Sala  Laura P. A. Nunes Cavalcanti  Alessandra Leda Valverde  Roberto Carlos C. Martins  Valeria Costantino 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

Porifera, commonly referred to as marine sponges, are acknowledged as major producers of marine natural products (MNPs). Sponges of the genus Phorbas have attracted much attention over the years. They are widespread in all continents, and several structurally unique compounds have been identified from this species. Terpenes, mainly sesterterpenoids, are the major secondary metabolites isolated from Phorbas species, even though several alkaloids and steroids have also been reported. Many of these compounds have presented interesting biological activities. Particularly, Phorbas sponges have been demonstrated to be a source of cytotoxic metabolites. In addition, MNPs exhibiting cytostatic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities have been isolated and structurally characterized. This review provides an overview of almost 130 secondary metabolites from Phorbas sponges and their biological activities, and it covers the literature since the first study published in 1993 until November 2021, including approximately 60 records. The synthetic routes to the most interesting compounds are briefly outlined.  相似文献   

Effect of Sprouting on Proteins and Starch in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)     

Suárez-Estrella  Diego  Bresciani  Andrea  Iametti  Stefania  Marengo  Mauro  Pagani  Maria Ambrogina  Marti  Alessandra 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):635-641

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - This study aims at understanding the relation among sprouting time (from 12 up to 72&nbsp;h), changes in protein and starch components, and flour functionality...  相似文献