Alkaloids as potential anti-tubercular agents     

Navneet Kishore  Bhuwan B. MishraVyasji Tripathi  Vinod K. Tiwari 《Fitoterapia》2009

An increasing incidence of deaths due to tuberculosis and the known drawbacks of the current existing drugs including the emergence of multi drug-resistant strains have led to a renewed interest in the discovery of new anti-tubercular agents with novel modes of actions. The recent researches focused on natural products have shown a useful way to obtain a potentially rich source of drug candidates, where alkaloids have been found more effective. The present review focuses on current epidemiology of tuberculosis, synergy of the disease with HIV, current therapy, available molecular targets and, highlights why natural products especially alkaloids are so important. The review summarizes alkaloids found active against mycobacteria from the mid-1980s to late 2008 with special attention on the study of structure–activity relationship (SAR).  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of fermented and non-fermented de-oiled rice bran with or without exogenous enzymes supplementation in the diet of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis> (Hamilton, 1822)     

Amit Ranjan  Narottam Prasad Sahu  Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo  H. Sanath Kumar  Sarvendra Kumar  Kamal Kant Jain 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(4):1037-1049

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of exogenous enzymes (xylanase and phytase) supplementation in the non-fermented and fermented de-oiled rice bran (DORB)-based diet of Labeo rohita. Four test diets (T1-DORB-based diet, T2-fermented DORB-based diet, T3-phytase and xylanase supplemented DORB-based diet, and T4-phytase and xylanase supplemented fermented DORB-based diet) were formulated and fed to the respective groups. Test diets T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.01% xylanase (16,000 U kg^?1) and 0.01% phytase (500 U kg^?1) enzymes. One hundred twenty juveniles of L. rohita, with an average weight 5.01?±?0.02 g, were stocked in 12 uniform size plastic rectangular tanks in triplicate with 10 fishes per tank following a completely randomized design (CRD). Exogenous enzyme supplementation to the T3 group significantly improved the growth performance of L. rohita (p?<?0.05). Fermented DORB fed groups registered significantly lower growth irrespective of the supplementation of exogenous enzymes. The carcass composition (except CP %), enzyme activities (except amylase activity), globulin, and A/G ratio did not vary significantly (p?>?0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that exogenous enzyme supplementation significantly increases the growth of fish fed with DORB-based diet.  相似文献   

Removal of As(III) from Aqueous Solution Using Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Nanoparticles: Process Modeling and Optimization Using Statistical Design     

Uttam Kumar Sahu  Manoj Kumar Sahu  Siba Sankar Mahapatra  Raj Kishore Patel 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):45

In this study, Extran (biodegradable surfactant) was used for the preparation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by microemulsion process to improve removal efficiency of As(III) from aqueous solution. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, and VSM instrumental techniques. The effect of different parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial As(III) concentration, and solution pH were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimized condition for adsorption of As(III) from aqueous solution was obtained as adsorbent dose of 0.70 mg/g, solution pH of 7.7, and initial As(III) concentration of 33.32 mg/L. In this optimum condition, about 90.5% of As(III) was removed from the aqueous solution. Isotherm studies have been done at optimal condition, and it was observed that the Langmuir isotherm models were fitted well with experimental data having a high correlation coefficient of 0.993. From the Langmuir isotherm data, the maximum adsorption capacity of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was found to be 7.18 mg/g at pH 7.7 in room temperature. This study revealed that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can be used as an efficient, eco-friendly, and effective material for the adsorptive removal of As(III) from aqueous system.  相似文献   

Potential Use of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Leaf Extract for the Destabilization of Turbid Water     

P. V. Nidheesh  Praveen Thomas  Kishore A. Nair  Jones Joju  P. Aswathy  R. Jinisha  George K. Varghese  R. Gandhimathi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):51

In the present study, the ability of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract (HLE) to act as a natural coagulant for the water treatment was tested. Synthetic turbid solutions were prepared using kaolinite, and the efficiency of HLE was examined for low and high turbid solutions. HLE was very effective in high turbid solutions than in low turbid water and follows enmeshment mechanism of destabilization. An insignificant effect of alkalinity on the performance of HLE was observed. The addition of NaCl increased the dissolution of coagulation active species and enhanced the efficiency of HLE, significantly. Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present in HLE were the major functional groups responsible for the bonding between coagulant and kaolinite. The efficiency of alum was very high compared to that of HLE in both turbid solutions. But the optimal dosages of HLE were lesser than that of alum. Thus, HLE can be used as a coagulant aid for the effective treatment of water.  相似文献   

Inhibition of Iron Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activity of Indian Spices and Acacia In Vitro     

Amit Singh Yadav  Deepak Bhatnagar 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(1):18-24

The spices used in the Indian foods such as Star anise (Illicium verum), Bay leaves (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Cobra’s saffron (Mesua ferrea), and Acacia (Acacia catechu), which have medicinal value, were used as test samples, to find their effect on in vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO). Rat liver post mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) in Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.4 was incubated for 0 and 1 h, with various test extracts in three different oxidant systems. The results show that addition of test samples to FeCl₃ medium at 0 h significantly stop the initiation of the LPO. However, the propagation phase of LPO was inhibited by Cobra’s saffron and Acacia and not by Star anise and Bay leaves. The test samples also showed strong reducing power and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Cobra’s saffron and Acacia showed the highest antioxidant activity, probably due to the higher polyphenol content as compared to other test samples.  相似文献   

The relationship between cellular immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia 1 and viral persistence in Indian cattle (Bosindicus)     

Mohan S. Maddur  Subodh Kishore  Susarla Gopalakrishna  Veluvarthy V.S. Suryanarayana 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(1):36-40

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), the most contagious animal disease, is associated with persistent viral infection in ruminants, despite the induction of systemic immune response. The present study was performed to decipher the relation between the persistent FMD virus (FMDV) infection and cellular immune response in Indian cattle (Bosindicus) following experimental inoculation of FMDV Asia 1. Persistent viral infection (carriers) was detected by antigen capture RT-PCR on the oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid. Viral excretion was found to be intermittent and strongly variable among the persistently infected Indian cattle. Lymphocyte proliferative (LP) response, assessed as reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to FMDV Asia 1 antigen (Ag) was of low magnitude indicating a weak primary cellular immune response following infection. LP response to FMDV Ag was higher among the non-carriers than carriers of FMDV Asia 1. An enhanced LP response was associated with the lack of virus shedding in the OPF. The findings of this study are suggestive of relationship between cellular immune response and virus excretion during persistence of FMDV Asia 1 in infected cattle.  相似文献   

A novel antifungal anthraquinone from seeds of Aegle marmelos Correa (family Rutaceae)     

Bhuwan B. Mishra  Navneet Kishore  Vinod K. Tiwari  Desh D. Singh  Vyasji Tripathi 《Fitoterapia》2010

A new anthraquinone, 1-methyl-2-(3′-methyl-but-2′-enyloxy)-anthraquinone (1) has been isolated from seeds of Aegle marmelos Correa and was characterized on the basis of spectral analysis (UV, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy). The compound exhibited significant antifungal activity against pathogenic strains of Aspergillus species and Candida albicans in disc diffusion assay (MIC value of 6.25 μg/disc), microbroth dilution and percent spore germination inhibition assays (MIC value of 31.25–62.5 μg/ml).  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with root rots of field pea in North Dakota     

Kishore Chittem  Febina M. Mathew  Matthew Gregoire  Robin S. Lamppa  Yen Wei Chang  Samuel G. Markell  Carl A. Bradley  Tharcisse Barasubiye  Rubella S. Goswami 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,143(4):641-649

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Hairpin-based virus resistance depends on the sequence similarity between challenge virus and discrete,highly accumulating siRNA species     

Victor Gaba  Arie Rosner  Ludmilla Maslenin  Diana Leibman  Sima Singer  Emre Kukurt  Yoel M. Shiboleth  Amit Gal-On 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):153-164

Virus resistance can be effectively generated in transgenic plants by using the plant’s silencing machinery. To study the specificity of gene-silencing-based resistance, homozygous tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants containing a 597-nt hairpin RNA construct of the Potato Virus Y (PVY) replicase sequence were challenged with a variety of PVY strains. The transgene-carrying tobacco line was immune to five potato PVY strains with high sequence similarity (88.3–99.5%) to the transgene. Infection with more distant tomato and pepper PVY field strains (86–86.8% sequence similarity) caused delayed symptom appearance in the transgenic tobacco. Transgene production of small interfering (si) RNA was detected by northern blot and measured using a custom-designed microarray for the detection of small RNAs. siRNA accumulation peaks were observed throughout the inverted-repeat transgene. In the resistance-breaking tomato and pepper strains there were nucleotide differences in the sequences correlated to siRNA transgene accumulation, indicating the role of siRNA specificity in resistance breaking. The log of transgene siRNA signal intensity increased with probe GC content, indicating that the accumulating siRNA molecules were GC-rich. Sequence similarity of highly accumulating siRNAs with the target virus strain appears to be important for both resistance and resistance-breaking characteristics.  相似文献   

Membrane Filtration of Corn Steep Water     

Kishore D. Rane  Munir Cheryan 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(4):400-404

Membrane filtration is a cost‐effective alternative to heat pasteurization of corn steep water. Trials were done in an operating ethanol plant with commercial spiral‐wound modules. Flux increased with transmembrane pressure and became independent of pressure at >10 psi (69 kPa) with flux being higher at higher cross‐flow velocities. Average flux at 4× concentration factor over 24‐hr operating cycles was 34 L/m²/hr under optimum conditions. Capital cost of the membrane system is expected to be lower because it eliminates the heat pasteurizer and centrifuge and reduces cooling requirements. Operating cost of the microfilter are about one‐third of a heat pasteurization system and provides the opportunity to recover insoluble protein and starch for use in corn gluten feed. Microfiltered steep water could improve ethanol fermentation efficiency and reduce fouling of heat exchangers in the fermenters, beer still, and steep evaporators.  相似文献