Alien chromosome transmission and somatic elimination in monosomic addition lines of Gossypium australe F. Muell in G. hirsutum L.     

Djibril Sarr  Jean-Marc Lacape  Jean-Marie Jacquemin  Halima Benbouza  André Toussaint  Jean-Pierre Baudoin  Guy Mergeai 《Euphytica》2012,183(1):55-64

The efficiency of using monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) to introgress agronomical traits of interest carried by wild diploid Gossypium species into the main cultivated cotton species G. hirsutum depends on the opportunities of confronting the alien chromosome with the recipient background genome at each generation and on the occurrence of translocations and homoeologous recombinations. The selfed-progeny of five MAALs of G. australe in G. hirsutum was screened with SSR markers to determine the transmission frequency of the alien chromosome and monitor its integrity. Three MAALs revealed a transmission frequency significantly lower than the expected ratio and one MAAL presented an exclusive transmission of the additional chromosome. In these four MAAL the alien chromosome was transmitted almost unaltered. With the fifth MAAL the alien chromosome was normally transmitted but was altered in half of the plants carrying it. In one MAAL, normally carrying brown fiber, the emergence of some plants carrying white and brown fiber revealed the somatic elimination of the additional chromosome. The loss of this chromosome seems to be triggered by its deletion.  相似文献   

Composites reinforced in three dimensions by using low magnetic fields     

Erb RM  Libanori R  Rothfuchs N  Studart AR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6065):199-204

The orientation and distribution of reinforcing particles in artificial composites are key to enable effective reinforcement of the material in mechanically loaded directions, but remain poor if compared to the distinctive architectures present in natural structural composites such as teeth, bone, and seashells. We show that micrometer-sized reinforcing particles coated with minimal concentrations of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (0.01 to 1 volume percent) can be controlled by using ultralow magnetic fields (1 to 10 milliteslas) to produce synthetic composites with tuned three-dimensional orientation and distribution of reinforcements. A variety of structures can be achieved with this simple method, leading to composites with tailored local reinforcement, wear resistance, and shape memory effects.  相似文献   

A retrospective study of 29 cases of otitis media/interna in dairy calves     

Véronique Bernier Gosselin  David Francoz  Marie Babkine  André Desrochers  Sylvain Nichols  Elizabeth Doré  Christian Bédard  Joane Parent  Julie-Hélène Fairbrother  Gilles Fecteau 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(9):957-962

Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were reviewed in 29 dairy calves with otitis media/interna. Age at admission ranged from 1 to 24 wk. The majority of calves were referred during winter. Clinical signs included drooping ear, ptosis, head tilt, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, dysphagia, regurgitation, stiff neck, opisthotonos, facial hyperesthesia, and purulent aural discharge. Intranasal endoscopic examination of 5 animals revealed nasopharyngeal collapse in 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in all of 7 cases. Mycoplasma bovis was cultured from all but 1 case with external ear or tympanic bullae samples (n = 12), and Mycoplasma arginini was cultured from the remaining ear sample. Radiographs of the tympanic bullae were performed in 24 calves, tomodensitometry (CT) in 3 calves and ultrasound in 4 calves. According to medical imaging techniques or necropsy, 69% of the cases were classified as chronic. Mean duration of treatment was 23.3 d. The rate of clinical recovery was 75%.  相似文献   

Electroporation improves the immune response induced by a DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus glycoprotein B in pigs     

Le Moigne V  Cariolet R  Béven V  Keranflec'h A  Jestin A  Dory D 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):1032-1035

This study was performed to determine whether electroporation can be used to enhance the efficacy of a DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus (PrV) in pigs. Immune responses to PrV were measured in pigs following a single intramuscular injection of plasmids encoding PrV glycoprotein B, with or without electroporation. Plasmid injection coupled with electroporation increased production of specific antibodies against PrV and peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferated in response to stimulation with PrV glycoproteins. These results show that electroporation can improve the performance of a DNA vaccine against PrV in pigs. However, additional work is required to maximise the effectiveness of the vaccination protocol.  相似文献   

Muscle reorganisation through local injection of stem cells in the diaphragm of mdx mice     

Thais Borges Lessa  Rafael Cardoso Carvalho  André Luis Rezende Franciolli  Lilian Jesus de Oliveira  RodrigoSilvadaNunes Barreto  David Feder  Fabiana Fernandes Bressan  Maria Angélica Miglino  Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):73

Background

The diaphragm is the major respiratory muscle affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and is responsible for causing 80% of deaths. The use of mechanical forces that act on the body or intermittent pressure on the airways improves the quality of life of patients but does not prevent the progression of respiratory failure. Thus, diseases that require tissue repair, such as DMD, represent a group of pathologies that have great potential for cell therapy. The application of stem cells directly into the diaphragm instead of systemic application can reduce cell migration to other affected areas and increase the chances of muscle reorganisation. The mdx mouse is a suitable animal model for this research because its diaphragmatic phenotype is similar to human DMD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the potential cell implantation in the diaphragm muscle after the xenotransplantation of stem cells.

Methods

A total of 9 mice, including 3 control BALB/Cmice, 3 5-month-old mdx mice without stem cell injections and 3 mdx mice injected with stem cells, were used. The animals injected with stem cells underwent laparoscopy so that stem cells from GFP-labelled rabbit olfactory epithelium could be locally injected into the diaphragm muscle. After 8 days, all animals were euthanised, and the diaphragm muscle was dissected and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results

Both the fresh diaphragm tissue and immunohistochemical analyses showed immunopositive GFP labelling of some of the cells and immunonegativity of myoblast bundles. In the histological analysis, we observed a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate as well as the presence of a few peripheral nuclei and myoblast bundles.

Conclusion

We were able to implant stem cells into the diaphragm via local injection, which promoted moderate muscle reorganisation. The presence of myoblast bundles cannot be attributed to stem cell incorporation because there was no immunopositive labelling in this structure. It is believed that the formation of the bundles may have been stimulated by cellular signalling mechanisms that have not yet been elucidated.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the on-line electrical conductivity of milk in mastitic dairy cows     

Gáspárdy A  Ismach G  Bajcsy AC  Veress G  Márkus S  Komlósi I 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(1):145-155

Mastitis is a persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue, which entails a decline in potassium, and is also responsible for a higher somatic cell count (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk. The measurement of EC is an indirect, rapid method to detect subclinical mastitis from milk. The aim of this study was to analyse the EC of milk throughout the lactation, around the day of mastitis detection, and also to estimate its heritability based on data from a large-scale dairy farm. Shortly after calving the EC value generally decreases; however, it was discovered that from the thirteenth week onwards, substantial differences arise between the mastitic and healthy groups of cows. The authors observed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in EC before the detection of clinical mastitis. This higher value (around 11 mS) persisted for 4 days, then it gradually returned to the normal level. The EC of milk from daughters sired by different bulls responded differently in case of mastitis. The heritability of EC seems to be high (h2 = 0.56). Therefore, the EC trait can be a beneficial indicator in detecting mastitis and should be considered in sire selection.  相似文献   

Modeling of light transmission under heterogeneous forest canopy: an appraisal of the effect of the precision level of crown description     

David Da Silva  Philippe Balandier  Frédéric Boudon  André Marquier  Christophe Godin 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(2):181-193

• Context  

Light availability in forest understory is essential for many processes; it is, therefore, a valuable information regarding forest management. However, its estimation is often difficult and direct measurements are tedious. Models can be used to compute understory light, but they often require a lot of field data to accurately predict light distribution, particularly in the case of heterogeneous canopies.  相似文献   

Diversity of Jerusalem artichoke clones (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> L.) from the INRA-Montpellier collection     

Hervé Serieys  Irénée Souyris  Alain Gil  Bernard Poinso  André Bervillé 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(8):1207-1215

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Rubber tree early selection for yield stability in time and among locations     

Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa  Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva  Cecília Khusala Verardi  André Luis Bombonato de Oliveira  Elaine Cristine Piffer Gonçalves  Erivaldo José Scaloppi-Junior  Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes  Paulo de Souza Gonçalves 《Euphytica》2013,191(3):365-373

Rubber production in the rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] can be expressed differently in different environments. Thus the objective of the present study was to select productive progenies, stable and responsive in time and among locations. Thirty progenies were assessed by early yield tests at three ages and in three locations. A randomized block design was used with three replications and ten plants per plot, in 3 × 3 m spacing. The procedure of the mixed linear Reml/Blup model—restricted maximum likelihood/best non-biased linear prediction was used in the genetic statistical analyses. In all the individual analyses, the values observed for the progeny average heritability ( $ \hat{h}_{pa}^{2} $ ) were greater than those of the additive effect based on single individuals ( $ \hat{h}_{a}^{2} $ ) and within plot additive ( $ \hat{h}_{ad}^{2} $ ). In the joint analyses in time, there was genotype × test interaction in the three locations. When 20 % of the best progenies were selected the predicted genetic gains were: Colina G_G = 24.63 %, Selvíria G_G = 13.63 %, and Votuporanga G_G = 25.39 %. Two progenies were among the best in the analyses in the time and between locations. In the joint analysis among locations there was only genotype × location interaction in the first early test. In this test, selecting 20 %, the general predicted genetic gain was G_G = 25.10 %. Identifying progenies with high and stable yield over time and among locations contributes to the efficiency of the genetic breeding program. The relative performance of the progenies varies depending of the age of early selection test.  相似文献   

VvGAI1 polymorphisms associate with variation for berry traits in grapevine     

Alba M. Vargas  Loïc Le Cunff  Patrice This  Javier Ibáñez  M. Teresa de Andrés 《Euphytica》2013,191(1):85-98

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