Productivity and quality of statice (Limonium sinuatum cv. Soiree Mix) and cockscomb (Celosia argentea cv. Chief Mix) under organic and inorganic fertilization regiments     

Sven Verlinden  Louis McDonald 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Very little information is available on organic specialty cut flower production, especially fertilization requirements. In order to better understand organic fertilization requirements of two specialty cut flower crops, Limonium sinuatum and Celosia argentea, we initiated a field and greenhouse experiment to study the effect of compost (organic) and conventional (inorganic) fertilization treatments on the growth and productivity of these crops. Optimum yields in the field, expressed as fresh weight per plot, were achieved at compost applications of 98.8 t ha⁻¹ for both Limonium and Celosia. However, when number of stems, height of the stems, and the environmental impacts of such compost applications are considered we concluded that the optimal organic fertilizer amounts were 12.4 and 24.7 t ha⁻¹, for Limonium and Celosia, respectively. Limonium and Celosia plants in the greenhouse experiment were fertilized with 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L⁻¹ nitrogen, combined with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg L⁻¹ phosphorus. The generation of response surfaces for total weight per pot, number of stems per pot, average weight per stem, and average stem length were attempted for each species. The results showed that nitrogen did not significantly contribute to any of the models, except for Celosia average weight and length per stem models. Total weights per pot on the other hand showed both a linear and quadratic relationship over the range of phosphorus applications we tested. Maximum number of stems and total weight per pot were observed between 30 and 46 mg L⁻¹ P in both Limonium and Celosia. Our results suggest that organic fertilizer recommendations, in the form of animal manure composts should be based on phosphorus content of the compost rather than nitrogen content especially for soils high in initial phosphorous content.  相似文献   

Granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of slaughter pigs bacteriologically negative for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and positive for Rhodococcus equi     

Komijn RE  Wisselink HJ  Rijsman VM  Stockhofe-Zurwieden N  Bakker D  van Zijderveld FG  Eger T  Wagenaar JA  Putirulan FF  Urlings BA 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(3-4):352-357

The prevalence of granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of pigs was studied. From January till August 2004 in two slaughterhouses in The Netherlands 2,116,536 pigs were examined for the presence of granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes. In 15,900 (0.75%) of these pigs, lesions could be detected. Nine farms with the highest incidence of lesions were selected for a more detailed pathological and bacteriological examination. On these farms, the prevalence of lesions in sub-maxillary lymph nodes ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% with a mean of 3.0%. From 1276 pigs that were sampled, 98 (7.7%) displayed granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes and one (0.1%) pig showed lesions in its mesenteric lymph node. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) could not be isolated from the lymph nodes of the 99 pigs with lesions and from a selection of lymph nodes (n = 61) of pigs without lesions. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 44 out of 98 (44.9%) of the sub-maxillary lymph nodes with granulomatous lesions and from two mesenteric lymph nodes without lesions. A comparison of former studies and the current results indicate that the prevalence of MAA infections in slaughter pigs has strongly decreased over the last decade, whereas R. equi is highly prevalent. The high incidence of granulomatous lesions associated with the bacteriological presence of R. equi could be considered as a serious cause of misdiagnosis of MAA infections in cases where meat inspection is carried out by inspection for granulomatous changes of lymph nodes only.  相似文献   

Stability and profiling of urinary microRNAs in healthy cats and cats with pyelonephritis or other urological conditions     

Lisbeth R. Jessen  Lise N. Nielsen  Ida N. Kieler  Rebecca Langhorn  Bert J. Reezigt  Susanna Cirera 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(1):166-175

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Passive immunization to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization and transmission in broiler chickens     

David Hermans  Katleen Van Steendam  Elin Verbrugghe  Marc Verlinden  An Martel  Tomasz Seliwiorstow  Marc Heyndrickx  Freddy Haesebrouck  Lieven De Zutter  Dieter Deforce  Frank Pasmans 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):27

Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterium-mediated diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. Poultry products are considered the most important source of C. jejuni infections in humans but to date no effective strategy exists to eradicate this zoonotic pathogen from poultry production. Here, the potential use of passive immunization to reduce Campylobacter colonization in broiler chicks was examined. For this purpose, laying hens were immunized with either a whole-cell lysate or the hydrophobic protein fraction of C. jejuni and their eggs were collected. In vitro tests validated the induction of specific ImmunoglobulinY (IgY) against C. jejuni in the immunized hens’ egg yolks, in particular. In seeder experiments, preventive administration of hyperimmune egg yolk significantly (P < 0.01) reduced bacterial counts of seeder animals three days after oral inoculation with approximately 10⁴ cfu C. jejuni, compared with control birds. Moreover, transmission to non-seeder birds was dramatically reduced (hydrophobic protein fraction) or even completely prevented (whole-cell lysate). Purified IgY promoted bacterial binding to chicken intestinal mucus, suggesting enhanced mucosal clearance in vivo. Western blot analysis in combination with mass spectrometry after two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis revealed immunodominant antigens of C. jejuni that are involved in a variety of cell functions, including chemotaxis and adhesion. Some of these (AtpA, EF-Tu, GroEL and CtpA) are highly conserved proteins and could be promising targets for the development of subunit vaccines.  相似文献   

AAAS Meetings: A Progress Report     

Bert WG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,163(3869):767

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The sudden death of a coral reef     

Hoeksema BW  Cleary DF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5662):1293-4; author reply 1293-4

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Distributions of microbial activities in deep subseafloor sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D'Hondt S  Jørgensen BB  Miller DJ  Batzke A  Blake R  Cragg BA  Cypionka H  Dickens GR  Ferdelman T  Hinrichs KU  Holm NG  Mitterer R  Spivack A  Wang G  Bekins B  Engelen B  Ford K  Gettemy G  Rutherford SD  Sass H  Skilbeck CG  Aiello IW  Guèrin G  House CH  Inagaki F  Meister P  Naehr T  Niitsuma S  Parkes RJ  Schippers A  Smith DC  Teske A  Wiegel J  Padilla CN  Acosta JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5705):2216-2221

Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.  相似文献   

The structure of a human p110alpha/p85alpha complex elucidates the effects of oncogenic PI3Kalpha mutations     

Huang CH  Mandelker D  Schmidt-Kittler O  Samuels Y  Velculescu VE  Kinzler KW  Vogelstein B  Gabelli SB  Amzel LM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5857):1744-1748

PIK3CA, one of the two most frequently mutated oncogenes in human tumors, codes for p110alpha, the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, isoform alpha (PI3Kalpha, p110alpha/p85). Here, we report a 3.0 angstrom resolution structure of a complex between p110alpha and a polypeptide containing the p110alpha-binding domains of p85alpha, a protein required for its enzymatic activity. The structure shows that many of the mutations occur at residues lying at the interfaces between p110alpha and p85alpha or between the kinase domain of p110alpha and other domains within the catalytic subunit. Disruptions of these interactions are likely to affect the regulation of kinase activity by p85 or the catalytic activity of the enzyme, respectively. In addition to providing new insights about the structure of PI3Kalpha, these results suggest specific mechanisms for the effect of oncogenic mutations in p110alpha and p85alpha.  相似文献   

High-probability uniquantal transmission at excitatory synapses in barrel cortex     

Silver RA  Lubke J  Sakmann B  Feldmeyer D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5652):1981-1984

The number of vesicles released at excitatory synapses and the number of release sites per synaptic connection are key determinants of information processing in the cortex, yet they remain uncertain. Here we show that the number of functional release sites and the number of anatomically identified synaptic contacts are equal at connections between spiny stellate and pyramidal cells in rat barrel cortex. Moreover, our results indicate that the amount of transmitter released per synaptic contact is independent of release probability and the intrinsic release probability is high. These properties suggest that connections between layer 4 and layer 2/3 are tuned for reliable transmission of spatially distributed, timing-based signals.  相似文献   

Recognition dynamics up to microseconds revealed from an RDC-derived ubiquitin ensemble in solution     

Lange OF  Lakomek NA  Farès C  Schröder GF  Walter KF  Becker S  Meiler J  Grubmüller H  Griesinger C  de Groot BL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5882):1471-1475

Protein dynamics are essential for protein function, and yet it has been challenging to access the underlying atomic motions in solution on nanosecond-to-microsecond time scales. We present a structural ensemble of ubiquitin, refined against residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), comprising solution dynamics up to microseconds. The ensemble covers the complete structural heterogeneity observed in 46 ubiquitin crystal structures, most of which are complexes with other proteins. Conformational selection, rather than induced-fit motion, thus suffices to explain the molecular recognition dynamics of ubiquitin. Marked correlations are seen between the flexibility of the ensemble and contacts formed in ubiquitin complexes. A large part of the solution dynamics is concentrated in one concerted mode, which accounts for most of ubiquitin's molecular recognition heterogeneity and ensures a low entropic complex formation cost.  相似文献