Evaluation of otoacoustic emissions in clinically normal alert puppies     

Schemera B  Blumsack JT  Cellino AF  Quiller TD  Hess BA  Rynders PE 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(3):295-301

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Molecular biology of Porcine circovirus: analyses of gene expression and viral replication   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

Mankertz A  Caliskan R  Hattermann K  Hillenbrand B  Kurzendoerfer P  Mueller B  Schmitt C  Steinfeldt T  Finsterbusch T 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,98(2):81-88

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An investigation of the role of soluble CD14 in hospitalized,sick horses     

Adriana Silva  Bettina Wagner  Harold C. McKenzie  Anne M. Desrochers  Martin O. Furr 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013

The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the effects of equine soluble CD14 (sCD14) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to equine CD14 on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion from equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and to (2) determine serum concentrations of sCD14 in a population of horses with gastrointestinal diseases or other illnesses likely to result in endotoxemia. Equine PBMC isolated from 10 healthy horses were incubated with Escherichia coli LPS plus CD14 mAb or sCD14 and assayed for TNF-α activity. Pre-incubation with CD14 mAb did not inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α production, whereas use of sCD14 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, blood samples from 55 ill and 23 healthy horses were used to determine serum concentrations of sCD14. Concentrations of sCD14 were positively correlated to respiratory rate, duration of clinical signs and band neutrophil count. Although serum sCD14 was significantly increased in the ill horses compared to healthy horses, sCD14 did not correlate with outcome. Results of this study indicate that release of sCD14 is increased in ill horses and that TNF-α production by PBMC is decreased when cells are treated with sCD14.  相似文献   

Mycotoxin accumulation and corresponding ear rot rating in three maturity groups of European maize inoculated by two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species     

Martin Löffler  Thomas Miedaner  Bettina Kessel  Milena Ouzunova 《Euphytica》2010,174(2):153-164

Fusarium graminearum (FG) and F. verticillioides (FV) produce the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM), respectively, in maize. The EU released limits for these toxins in food. Growing resistant varieties is one alternative to fulfill these limits. Quantification of mycotoxin concentrations is expensive and time consuming. If indirect selection based on cost efficient and fast ear rot rating is feasible, this could increase efficiency of selection. The objective of this study was to analyze correlations between mycotoxin concentrations and ear rot rating by inoculating three maturity groups (early, mid-late, late) each comprising about 50 inbred lines tested in Central and Southern Europe. In the early maturity group flint lines were more susceptible in all instances except ZEA than dent lines. Broad ranges and significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variances were detected, but also genotype × environment interaction variances were significant (P < 0.01). Heritabilities of ear rot rating were similar or higher than those of mycotoxin concentrations (0.61−0.93 and 0.56–0.89, respectively). Although high genotypic correlations between FUM and DON or ZEA were found (0.77; 0.76, respectively), separate testing of FV and FG and corresponding mycotoxins is necessary since genotypes resistant to FV were not necessarily resistant to FG and vice versa. Medium to high heritabilities and high genotypic correlations between ear rot and corresponding mycotoxin concentrations (0.87–0.99) suggest frequent identification of lines with reduced mycotoxin concentrations by ear rot rating. Assuming fixed budgets we conclude that indirect selection by applying cost efficient ear rot rating could increase selection intensity and therefore is more effective than direct selection for reduced mycotoxin concentrations.  相似文献   

Cajeput oil,an effective botanical against gyrodactylid infection          下载免费PDF全文

Bettina Schelkle  Elizabeth L Richards  Donna Snellgrove  Jo Cable 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(9):2928-2936

Infectious diseases are a major welfare issue, economically costly and, from a conservation perspective, threaten susceptible fish populations. Parasite control in aquaculture is over reliant on a limited range of treatments which tend to be low in efficacy, toxic to hosts and have negative consequences on human health and the environment. Here, we tested 22 botanical treatments alongside five controls against Gyrodactylus turnbulli (Harris 1986), in vitro and in vivo, infecting guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters 1859). Survival of detached parasites was significantly reduced by all treatments with cajuput oil, bay rum oil, bladderwrack, octanoic acid, pine tree oil and barberry killing worms instantly. In vivo, cajuput oil applied with emulsifier was as effective as a licensed livestock dewormer, Levamisole, which is not routinely prescribed for use in fish; hence, cajuput can be considered for further research to replace Levamisole in UK research laboratories as well as in ornamental aquaculture.  相似文献   

Stammapplikationen im Obstbau mit nanostrukturierten Silikaten gegen die Blutlaus Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.) und den Gemeinen Ohrwurm Forficula auricularia L.     

Bettina Welke  Inga Mewis  Tanja Mucha-Pelzer  Arunava Goswami  Christian Ulrichs 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2008,60(1):15-21

The present work deals with a new strategy to control Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.) in apple and Forficula auricularia?(L.) in apricots. With common insecticides, both pests are difficult to control. Although F.?auricularia is regarded as a beneficial insect, in ecological agriculture it has the potential to cause severe economical damage in apricots. In apple and apricot orchards we tested treatments on the bark with diatomaceous earth (DE) products to prevent insects from reaching the tree crown. DE has been applied as liquid (“Fossil Shield^®” translucend) by a backpack sprayer or electrostatically as powder (“Fossil Shield^®” 90.0?s). In some trials we covered the treated area with a plastic funnel (fruitcap) in order to protect the silica-product from wind and rain. Experiments were evaluated weekly and number of insects in the tree crown was counted. During the first two months after treatment E.?lanigerum population in the crown was reduced by 98.2%. However, over the whole period of six month the barriers turned out to be ineffective (p?=?0.617). Winged adults have been capable to pass the barriere. In contrast to this fruitcap barriers were able to keep F. auricularia away from the crown (p?=?0.000). They have been as effective as standard treatment using glue. In such treatments apricot yield increased 6-fold for the cultivar “Goldrich” and 5.5-fold for the cultivar “Hargrand”.  相似文献   

Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to equine NKp46     

Noronha LE  Harman RM  Wagner B  Antczak DF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,147(1-2):60-68

The immunoreceptor NKp46 is considered to be the most consistent marker of NK cells across mammalian species. Here, we use a recombinant NKp46 protein to generate a panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize equine NKp46. The extracellular region of equine NKp46 was expressed with equine IL-4 as a recombinant fusion protein (rIL-4/NKp46) and used as an immunogen to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). MAbs were first screened by ELISA for an ability to recognize NKp46, but not IL-4, or the structurally related immunoreceptor CD16. Nine mAbs were selected and were shown to recognize full-length NKp46 expressed on the surface of transfected CHO cells as a GFP fusion protein. The mAbs recognized a population of lymphocytes by flow cytometric analysis that was morphologically similar to NKp46+ cells in humans and cattle. In a study using nine horses, representative mAb 4F2 labeled 0.8-2.1% PBL with a mean fluorescence intensity consistent with gene expression data. MAb 4F2+ PBL were enriched by magnetic cell sorting and were found to express higher levels of NKP46 mRNA than 4F2- cells by quantitative RT-PCR. CD3-depleted PBL from five horses contained a higher percentage of 4F2+ cells than unsorted PBL. Using ELISA, we determined that the nine mAbs recognize three different epitopes. These mAbs will be useful tools in better understanding the largely uncharacterized equine NK cell population.  相似文献   

Hind limb kinematics during therapeutic exercises in dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints     

BA Bockstahler  B Prickler  E Lewy  PJ Holler  A Vobornik  C Peham 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(9):1371-1376

Objective-To assess joint kinematics in dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints during walking up an incline or down a decline and over low obstacles and to compare findings with data for nonlame dogs. Animals-10 dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints (mean ± SD age, 6.95 ± 3.17 years; mean body weight, 34.33 ± 13.58 kg) and 8 nonlame dogs (3.4 ± 2.0 years; 23.6 ± 4.6 kg). Procedures-Reflective markers located on the limbs and high-speed cameras were used to record joint kinematics during walking up an incline or down a decline and over low obstacles. Maximal flexion, extension, and range of motion of the hip joints were calculated. Results-Osteoarthritis of the hip joints reduced extension of both hip joints and flexion of the contralateral hind limb, compared with flexion of the lame hind limb, during walking down a decline. Walking up an incline resulted in decreased extension of the stifle joint in both hind limbs of osteoarthritic dogs; extension was significantly decreased for the lame hind limb. During walking over low obstacles, maximal flexion of the stifle joint was increased significantly for the contralateral hind limb. Maximal flexion was increased in both tarsal joints. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Osteoarthritis of the hip joints led to complex changes in the gait of dogs, which involved more joints than the affected hip joint alone. Each exercise had specific effects on joint kinematics that must be considered when planning a rehabilitation program.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Myofibril necrosis with associated vasculitis     

Uman C  Mayer-Roenne B  Rodriguez D 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(6):663-665

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Diagnosis of Borrelia‐associated uveitis in two horses     

Heather L. Priest  Nita L. Irby  Donald H. Schlafer  Thomas J. Divers  Bettina Wagner  Amy L. Glaser  Yung‐Fu Chang  Mary C. Smith 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(6):398-405

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease is a tick born spirochetal infection. Clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis are uncommon in horses, but when present they are often vague and nonspecific. In horses, Lyme borreliosis has been implicated in musculoskeletal, neurological, reproductive, and ocular disorders, including uveitis, but definitive diagnosis can be challenging as the causative agent is rarely isolated and serologic tests can be unreliable and do not confirm active disease. Here, we report two cases of equine uveitis associated with B. burgdorferi based on the identification of spirochetes within ocular fluids and confirmed with PCR testing. The two cases illustrate some of the challenges encountered in the recognition and diagnosis of equine Lyme borreliosis. Although only one of many possible causes of equine uveitis, Lyme disease should be considered a differential diagnosis, especially in endemic areas. Given the possibility for false negative results of serum tests during uveitis associated with B. burgdorferi and the failure of such tests to confirm active infection, a combination of cytologic assessment, antibody, and/or PCR testing of ocular fluids may be worthwhile if the clinical suspicion for Lyme uveitis is high.  相似文献