Assessing Agricultural Sustainable Development Based on the DPSIR Approach： Case Study in Jiangsu, China     

ZHOU Shu-dong  Felix Mueller  Benjamin Burkhard  CAO Xing-jin  HOU Ying 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2013,(7):1292-1299

According to the contemporary ecosystem approach, the linkages of human actions with their environment have to be assessed in an integrative manner. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model is applied to identify and describe processes and interactions in human-environmental systems. An example application from a research project dealing with the development of sustainable management strategies for the agriculture in Jiangsu, China, illustrates the potentials and limitations of its sustainable development. The concept and indicators of ecological integrity are used to assess the indicators in the dimensions of DPSIR between 2003 and 2006. The main drivers included population growth which caused increasing demand for food, growing environmental demands, and rapidly decreasing of land and other natural resources. The main environmental problem was water pollution. The results show that in the dimension of driver, total grain output and agricultural land productivity both increased. Labor intensive agriculture has been promoted to increase agricultural land productivity. In the dimension of pressure, on the positive side, infrastructure got greatly improved, the input level such as total power of machinery, and level of fertilizer use increased, and level of pesticides use decreased, but on the negative side, cultivated land per capita and irrigation rate decreased, natural resources keep decreased. Environmental pollution indicators such as industrial wastewater discharge and acid rain rate increased in Jiangsu Province. In the aspect of state, ecosystem state was improved, plant coverage index increased, biological abundance index increased, fertilizer productivity increased, eco-environmental quality index increased, but land degradation index also increased. In the aspect of impact, output level increased, output efficiency enhanced, farmer’s social economic benefit improved. In the aspect of response, social support was greatly improved, input for environmental governance increased. To assess the effects of environmental governance, Jiangsu government was successful to increase compliance rate of sulfur dioxide emissions, but not so efficient in compliance rate of industrial wastewater discharge.  相似文献   

Determination of DNA content of whole fish     

Burkhard Horstkotte  Hartmut Rehbein 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):429-436

ABSTRACT:   The DNA content of whole fish from 31 different North Atlantic fish species was determined. Sample preparation was performed on board the fishery research vessel 'Walter Herwig III' directly after catch and sorting. Up to three homogenates were prepared of each 10 specimens per species by mincing the whole fish. The homogenates were heated to destroy nuclease activity, and then stored at frozen temperature until being analyzed in the laboratory. Measurement of DNA content was carried out using the DNA specific fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258 (Serva Biochemica, Heidelberg, Germany). Matrix effects as light scattering and quenching could be estimated by use of standard addition of calf thymus DNA. DNA contents were referred to dry weight of sample material, and ranged from 570 µg to 3500 µg/g dry weight of homogenate. The coefficient of variation did not exceed 25% of mean for one species; coefficient of variation for all investigated species did not exceed 30% of mean, which was 1020 µg/g dry weight.  相似文献   

Osseous metaplasia within a canine insulinoma     

Emily M. Pieczarka  Duncan S. Russell  Kelly S. Santangelo  Famke Aeffner  Mary Jo Burkhard 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(1):89-93

An 11‐year‐old male castrated mixed‐breed dog was presented for exercise intolerance, tetraparesis, and persistent hypoglycemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed 2 nodules within the right limb of the pancreas. Cytology from one nodule was consistent with a carcinoma of neuroendocrine origin, with a primary differential diagnosis of insulinoma. Histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and insulin confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma. Additionally, there was a solitary nodule of mineralized compact bone composing approximately 60% of the mass. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of osseous metaplasia within an insulinoma (islet cell carcinoma).  相似文献   

Anatomy and dynamics of a supramolecular membrane protein cluster     

Sieber JJ  Willig KI  Kutzner C  Gerding-Reimers C  Harke B  Donnert G  Rammner B  Eggeling C  Hell SW  Grubmüller H  Lang T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5841):1072-1076

Most plasmalemmal proteins organize in submicrometer-sized clusters whose architecture and dynamics are still enigmatic. With syntaxin 1 as an example, we applied a combination of far-field optical nanoscopy, biochemistry, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, and simulations to show that clustering can be explained by self-organization based on simple physical principles. On average, the syntaxin clusters exhibit a diameter of 50 to 60 nanometers and contain 75 densely crowded syntaxins that dynamically exchange with freely diffusing molecules. Self-association depends on weak homophilic protein-protein interactions. Simulations suggest that clustering immobilizes and conformationally constrains the molecules. Moreover, a balance between self-association and crowding-induced steric repulsions is sufficient to explain both the size and dynamics of syntaxin clusters and likely of many oligomerizing membrane proteins that form supramolecular structures.  相似文献   

Search for hidden chambers in the pyramids     

Alvarez LW  Anderson JA  Bedwei FE  Burkhard J  Fakhry A  Girgis A  Goneid A  Hassan F  Iverson D  Lynch G  Miligy Z  Moussa AH  Sharkawi M  Yazolino L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3919):832-839

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