Mineral Composition of Perennial Vegetation of Shrub Patches in Northeastern Patagonia     

H. F. Del Valle  R. A. Rosell 《Arid Land Research and Management》2013,27(1):15-25

This study was conducted to (1) quantify the mineral composition of litter, new leaves, and stems of two plant species (Atriplex lampa and Prosopis alpataco) in shrub patches, occurring with common abundance in the northeastern Patagonian region, and (2) determine the spatial and temporal variabilities of the mineral elements. There were 240 vegetal samples collected from six different sites, all within about 15 km. The essential nature of 15 mineral elements for litter and plant parts was analyzed. Composition varied significantly for P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Mo, and B between species; N between seasons; and S, Al, Fe, Mn, and Cd among sites. Also Na, K, and B showed secondary variations derived from a seasonal effect, as did P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Mo, but associated with secondary differences among sites.  相似文献   

Kinetics of crust formation during conventional French bread baking     

G. Della Valle  H. Chiron  V. JuryM. Raitière  A.-L. Réguerre 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

64 breads were baked in a deck oven under conventional French baking conditions. Their hearth and surface temperatures were measured at various baking times using thermocouples and Infra-red thermometer; their moisture content was determined after sampling of the external layer, termed the “crust”, and by weighing breads. In addition, an image analysis method, based on saturation and colors, allowed determination of a mask of crust and the kinetics of its mean thickness. Associated with hydrothermal kinetics, it showed that the development of crust was achieved at a final local temperature of 160 °C and moisture of 5% for an average final thickness of 1.7 mm. DSC analysis of crust samples also underlined the significance of non gelatinized starch in the crust. This result was interpreted by representing the hydrothermal history of crust in a starch melting diagram.  相似文献   

Determination of long-term erosion rates in vineyards of Navarre (Spain) using botanical benchmarks     

J. Casalí  R. GiménezL. De Santisteban  J. Álvarez-MozosJ. Mena  J. Del Valle de Lersundi 《CATENA》2009

Grape production is an ancient and important activity, particularly in Spain. Within this country, Navarre is one of the best vine-producing regions. Despite the importance of the vine crop, any quantification of soil erosion rates on a pluri-decennial scale under this world-wide land use is scant. Considering that in Navarre grafting in vines was made until the 1990s directly in the field, and almost at soil surface level, the quantification of erosion/sedimentation rates around a single plant can be performed by using the large, identifiable callus forming around the graft as a palaeo-surface marker. Moreover, by sampling a number of vines evenly spread over the field, an erosion/sedimentation pattern within the study vineyards can also be defined by data interpolation. Our purpose in this paper is thus (i) to assess the erosion rates of vineyards of different ages in a Mediterranean area using the aforementioned botanical signal i.e., grafting callus, and (ii) to determine the topographic changes caused by the erosion processes in these fields. Some vineyards affected by soil erosion were selected to carry out our experiments.  相似文献   

Al toxicity effects on radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat cultivars under field conditions     

Susana R. Valle  Dante Pinochet  Daniel F. Calderini 《Field Crops Research》2009

Soil acidity and Al toxicity are highly extended in agricultural lands of Chile, especially where wheat is widely sown. To evaluate quantitatively the response of wheat biomass and its physiological determinants (intercepted radiation and radiation use efficiency) to Al toxicity, two field experiments were conducted in an Andisol in Valdivia (39°47′S, 73°14′W), Chile, during the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of: (i) two spring wheat cultivars with different sensitivity to Al toxicity (the sensitive cultivar: Domo.INIA and the tolerant cultivar: Dalcahue.INIA) and (ii) five exchangeable Al levels (from 0 to 2.7 cmol₍₊₎ kg⁻¹) with three replicates. Crop phenology and intercepted radiation (IR) were registered during the entire crop cycle, while 10 samples of above-ground biomass were taken at different stages between double ridge and maturity. Both biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were recorded in these 10 stages. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated as the slope of the relationship between accumulated above-ground biomass and accumulated photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopy (IPARa). Crop phenology was little affected by soil Al treatments, showing only up to 17 days delay in the Al-sensitive cultivar under extreme Al treatments. Above-ground biomass at harvest was closely associated (R² = 0.92) with the crop growth rate but no relationship (R² = 0.14) was found between the crop cycle length. IPARa explained almost completely (R² = 0.93) the above-ground biomass reached by the crop at harvest under the wide range of soil Al concentrations explored in both experiments. On the other hand, a weaker relationship was found between above-ground biomass and RUE. The effect of soil Al concentration on IPARa was mainly explained by LAI as a single relationship (R² = 0.93) between IR (%) and LAI at maximum radiation interception showing a common light attenuation coefficient (k = 0.33).  相似文献   

Italian aquaculture and the diffusion of alien species: costs and benefits          下载免费PDF全文

Benedetto Sicuro  Martina Tarantola  Emanuela Valle 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(12):3718-3728

The aim of this review is to clarify the relation between Italian aquaculture and the introduction on alien species in Italy. In Italy, the most common aquatic alien species are rainbow trout and Manila clam, and they represent main economic product of Italian aquaculture. Wels catfish and red clawed crayfish have been voluntarily or involuntarily introduced for aquaculture scope, and they are now the most invasive alien aquatic species. Other alien naturalized species, as some salmonid species, are important economic resources in north Italy for inland professional fishery and are considered worthwhile of conservation. Thus, aquaculture is directly or indirectly responsible of the introduction of several alien species in Italy, but its effect on alien species diffusion is peculiar, as few successfully farmed species have become rapidly common. Until now, conventional aquaculture has played main role in the diffusion of alien species in Italy, while ornamental aquaculture will be the main source of alien introductions in the future.  相似文献   

Investigation of Alternanthera repens and Bidens odorata on gastrointestinal disease     

Astudillo-Vázquez A  Dávalos Valle H  De Jesús L  Herrera G  Navarrete A 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(7-8):577-580

Alternanthera repens and Bidens odorata are used as medication for gastrointestinal diseases today, mainly in relation to diarrhea; therefore, pharmacological tests with aqueous and ethanol extracts of both species were carried out in mice. Using charcoal meal, the activity of the four extracts on intestinal motility was determined, finding that they inhibit the advance of the gastrointestinal content. Also, the lethal media doses were estimated in order to examine the plants' safety. The data confirmed the validity of the medicinal use for both plant species, contributing to explain the use of these plants as antidiarrheal agents in Mexican traditional medicine.  相似文献   

Suppressive subtractive hybridization analysis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larval and adult transcript expression during attachment and feeding     

Ala E. Lew-Tabor  Paula M. Moolhuijzen  Megan E. Vance  Sebastian Kurscheid  Manuel Rodriguez Valle  Sandra Jarrett  Catherine M. Minchin  Louise A. Jackson  Nick N. Jonsson  Matthew I. Bellgard  Felix D. Guerrero 《Veterinary parasitology》2010,167(2-4):304-320

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Uptake and use efficiency of N, P, K, Ca and Al by Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant cultivars of wheat under a wide range of soil Al concentrations     

Susana R. Valle  Dante PinochetDaniel F. Calderini 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(3):392-400

The impacts of acidic soils and Al toxicity on wheat nutrient economy have been scarcely researched under field conditions even though these soils are widely spread in wheat production areas around the world. The main objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the element (N, P, K, Ca and Al) economy of an Al-sensitive and an Al-tolerant wheat cultivar growing under different soil Al concentrations at field conditions. To reach this objective, two field experiments were conducted in an Andisol in Valdivia (39°47′18″S, 73°14′05″W), Chile. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of: (i) two spring wheat cultivars (Al-sensitive, Domo.INIA and Al-tolerant, Dalcahue.INIA) and (ii) five exchangeable Al levels (0-2.7 cmol₍₊₎ kg⁻¹) with three replicates. At harvest, plant biomass was sampled and divided into 5 organ categories: ears, grains, blade leaves, stems plus sheath leaves and roots. The element content (N, P, K, Ca and Al) in each organ was measured to quantify element uptake and concentration, nutrient uptake efficiency (UPE) and nutrient utilization efficiency (UTE). Element uptake (N, P, K, Ca, and Al) was negatively affected by the increased soil Al concentration in above-ground and root biomass in both cultivars (R² = 0.61-0.98, p < 0.01), although clear differences were found between cultivars. On the contrary, the impact of soil exchangeable Al on the plant element concentration was minor, showing weak associations with soil Al levels. However, the Al concentration in above-ground tissues of the Al-sensitive cultivar was an exception because it increased exponentially with the Al soil concentration (R² = 0.96-0.99, p < 0.001). Nutrient uptake efficiencies, UPEs (N, P, K and Ca), were negatively affected by soil Al concentrations and were well described by linear equations in both cultivars (R² = 0.58-0.98, p < 0.05), with notable differences between them. Both nutrient uptake (capture) and UPE were the traits that best explained above-ground biomass production (R² = 0.82-0.99, p < 0.001, n = 20). Nutrient utilization efficiency, UTEs (N, P, K and Ca) responded more conservatively to the soil Al concentration, except for the Al sensitive cultivar under very high soil Al levels.  相似文献   

PYM: a new,affordable, image-based method using a Raspberry Pi to phenotype plant leaf area in a wide diversity of environments     

Benoît Valle  Thierry Simonneau  Romain Boulord  Francis Sourd  Thibault Frisson  Maxime Ryckewaert  Philippe Hamard  Nicolas Brichet  Myriam Dauzat  Angélique Christophe 《Plant methods》2017,13(1):98

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Microbiological study of foot-rot in lambs: isolation, elastolytic activity and antimicrobial susceptibility.     

S Píriz  J Valle  R de la Fuente  M J Angulo  S Vadillo 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1992,39(3):181-186

A microbiological study was made of an outbreak of foot-rot in lambs. Elastolytic activity was detected in all 10 Bacteroides nodosus strains isolated from the hooves of 9 affected animals. Among 14 other isolated strictly anaerobic microorganisms belonging to different species or genera only 4 strains showed a low degree of elastolysis. The 14 antimicrobial agents studied effectively inhibited "in vitro" growth of B. nodosus.  相似文献