Tensor Cubic Smoothing Splines in Designed Experiments Requiring Residual Modelling     

Arūnas P. Verbyla  Joanne De Faveri  John D. Wilkie  Tom Lewis 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2018,23(4):478-508

Modelling response surfaces using tensor cubic smoothing splines is presented for three designed experiments. The aim is to show how the analyses can be carried out using the asreml software in the R environment, and details of the analyses including the code to do so are presented in a tutorial style. The experiments were all run over time and involve an explanatory quantitative treatment variable; one experiment is a field trial which has a spatial component and involves an additional treatment. Thus, in addition to the response surface for the time by explanatory variable, modelling of temporal and, for the third experiment, of temporal and spatial effects at the residual level is required. A linear mixed model is used for analysis, and a mixed model representation of the tensor cubic smoothing spline is described and seamlessly incorporated in the full linear mixed model. The analyses show the flexibility and capacity of asreml for complex modelling.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.  相似文献   

Biopore history determines the microbial community composition in subsoil hotspots     

Callum?C.?BanfieldEmail author  Michaela?A.?Dippold  Johanna?Pausch  Duyen?T.?T.?Hoang  Yakov?Kuzyakov 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2017,53(5):573-588

Biopores are hotspots of nutrient mobilisation and shortcuts for carbon (C) into subsoils. C processing relies on microbial community composition, which remains unexplored in subsoil biopores. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs; markers for living microbial groups) and amino sugars (microbial necromass markers) were extracted from two subsoil depths (45–75 cm ; 75–105 cm) and three biopore types: (I) drilosphere of Lumbricus terrestris L., (II) 2-year-old root biopores and (III) 1.5-year-old root biopores plus six 6 months of L. terrestris activities. Biopore C contents were at least 2.5 times higher than in bulk soil, causing 26–35 times higher Σ PLFAs g^-1 soil. The highest Σ PLFAs were found in both earthworm biopore types; thus, the highest soil organic matter and nutrient turnover were assumed. Σ PLFAs was 33% lower in root pores than in earthworm pores. The treatment affected the microbial community composition more strongly than soil depth, hinting to similar C quality in biopores: Gram-positives including actinobacteria were more abundant in root pores than in earthworm pores, probably due to lower C bioavailability in the former. Both earthworm pore types featured fresh litter input, promoting growth of Gram-negatives and fungi. Earthworms in root pores shifted the composition of the microbial community heavily and turned root pores into earthworm pores within 6 months. Only recent communities were affected and they reflect a strong heterogeneity of microbial activity and functions in subsoil hotspots, whereas biopore-specific necromass accumulation from different microbial groups was absent.  相似文献   

Lip commissure to eyelid transposition for repair of feline eyelid agenesis     

C. J. G. Whittaker  David A. Wilkie  D. J. Simpson  A. Deykin  J. S. Smith  C. L. Robinson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(3):173-178

Repair of eyelid agenesis in nine eyes of five cats using a lip commissure to eyelid transposition is described. The procedure is a modification of the technique described by Pavletic for reconstruction of the canine inferior eyelid and provides skin, mucosa, a mucocutaneous junction, and muscle to reconstruct the superior and inferior eyelid and lateral canthus. The technique was successful in all eyes and resulted in improvement in corneal protection, cosmesis and in several cats a return of the palpebral reflex.  相似文献   

Mapping the global network of fisheries science collaboration     

Shaheen Syed  Lia ní Aodha  Callum Scougal  Marco Spruit 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(5):830-856

As socio‐environmental problems have proliferated over the past decades, one narrative which has captured the attention of policymakers and scientists has been the need for collaborative research that spans traditional boundaries. Collaboration, it is argued, is imperative for solving these problems. Understanding how collaboration is occurring in practice is important, however, and may help explain the idea space across a field. In an effort to make sense of the shape of fisheries science, here we construct a co‐authorship network of the field, from a data set comprising 73,240 scientific articles, drawn from 50 journals and published between 2000 and 2017. Using a combination of social network analysis and machine learning, the work first maps the global structure of scientific collaboration amongst fisheries scientists at the author, country and institutional levels. Second, it uncovers the hidden subgroups—here country clusters and communities of authors—within the network, detailing also the topical focus, publication outlets and relative impact of the largest fisheries science communities. We find that whilst the fisheries science network is becoming more geographically extensive, it is simultaneously becoming more intensive. The uncovered network exhibits characteristics suggestive of a thin style of collaboration, and groupings that are more regional than they are global. Although likely shaped by an array of overlapping micro‐ and macro‐level factors, the analysis reveals a number of political–economic patterns that merit reflection by both fisheries scientists and policymakers.  相似文献   

Intelligence and blood pressure in the aged   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

F Wilkie  C Eisdorfer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,172(986):959-962

Diastolic hypertension was related to significant intellectual loss over a 10-year period among individuals initially examined in their 60's. Such loss was not found in their age peers in association with normal or mild elevations of blood pressure. Of the subjects initially examined at 70 to 79 years of age, none with hypertension completed the follow-up program, and those with normal and mildly elevated blood pressure showed some intellectual decline over the decade. At the initial examination, hypertension was related to lower intelligence test scores only among those subjects who subsequently did not complete the follow-up program. The results suggest that hypertension is related to intellectual changes among the aged.  相似文献   

Immunofluorescent Studies of Bovine Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

B. N. Wilkie  M. Gygax    B. Pauli 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1974,38(4):475-479

Antigens of Micropolyspora faeni were located by immunofluorescence in apparent association with alveolar macrophages within sections of lung from cases of bovine interstitial pneumonia. Pretreatment of frozen sections with pH 2.8 glycine-HC1 buffer was a necessary prerequisite for specific staining. Bovine immunoglobulin and bovine complement were identified in similar locations.  相似文献   

Combined treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a horse, using radiofrequency hyperthermia and interstitial 198Au implants   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D A Wilkie  J K Burt 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(11):1831-1833

Unilateral ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a horse was treated effectively with a combination of repeated radiofrequency hyperthermia and interstitial radiotherapy. These 2 modalities of treatment are synergistic. Interstitial irradiation was achieved, using 198Au implants to deliver a total dose of approximately 5,000 rads/implant over an area of 1 cm2. Radio frequency hyperthermia was repeated 3 times, and radiotherapy was used twice. Treatment resulted in complete regression of the tumor, and ocular complications have not been seen.  相似文献   

Repair of superior palpebral defect in a horse by use of silicone subdermal implant.     

D A Wilkie 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(6):821-824

A silicone subdermal implant was used in the surgical repair of a superior palpebral defect in a horse. The right superior palpebra was missing from the lateral canthus superiorly to the 1 o'clock position, and a corneal ulcer, anterior uveitis, and right micropalpebral fissure also were observed. Lateral canthotomy and canthoplasty were performed to enlarge the palpebral fissure, and a silicone implant was inserted in the superior palpebra to replace the missing tarsal plate. These procedures resulted in a successful reconstruction, with improvement of palpebral function.  相似文献   

Improvement of learning in the aged by modification of autonomic nervous system activity     

C Eisdorfer  J Nowlin  F Wilkie 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,170(964):1327-1329

Partial blockade of beta-adrenergic end-organ response to the autonomic nervous system was effected in a group of older men by administration of propranolol. The result was improved performance in a learning task. The data support the hypothesis that the learning decrement found among older men is not simply a manifestation of structural change in the central nervous system but is, at least in part, associated with the heightened arousal of the autonomic nervous system that accompanies the learning task.  相似文献   

Deficient cutaneous response to PHA-P in healthy puppies from a kennel with a high prevalence of demodicosis.          下载免费PDF全文

B N Wilkie  R J Markham    C Hazlett 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1979,43(4):415-419

Intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin was used to evaluate the integrity of cell-mediated immunological reactions in Doberman puppies thought to be predisposed to demodicosis. Results indicate a statistically significant deficiency of cutaneous delayed response in these dogs when compared with age matched Beagles, adult Dobermans or random control dogs of various ages and breeding. The high prevalence of demodicosis in the kennel of origin may have been due to the observed deficiency of cutaneous immune function.  相似文献