Comparative morphometrical studies on the skull bones of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)     

Keneisenuo Keneisenuo MVSc  Om Prakash Choudhary PhD  Pranab Chandra Kalita PhD  Priyanka Choudhary PhD  Arup Kalita PhD  Probal Jyoti Doley MVSc  Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary PhD 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):500-511

The present study reports data on the skull bone morphometry of barking and sambar deer. The skulls of adult barking deer (n = 6) and sambar deer (n = 6) of either sex (n = 3 males and n = 3 females) were collected from the Aizawl Zoological Park, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, with official permission from the Government of Mizoram. Anatomically, barking and sambar deer's skulls were elongated, pyramid-like, dolichocephalic and consisted of thirty-two cranial and facial bones. The cranial bones were eleven (three single and four paired), comprising of occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, interparietal, parietal and temporal. The facial bones were twenty-one (one single and ten were paired), consisting of the maxilla, premaxilla (incisive), palatine, pterygoid, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic (malar), vomer, turbinates, mandible and hyoid. In the present study, altogether 41 different measurements were taken morphologically and 6 different indices were applied. The obtained morphometrical parameters were significantly (p < .01, p < .05) higher in males than females of both species. Species wise, all obtained parameters were higher in sambar deer than barking deer. The obtained 41 different skull parameters and 6 indices showed statistically significant differences (p < .01 and p < .05) between both sexes of barking and sambar deer; however, practically these differences were meagre. The present morphometrical study on the skull of both species can help the wildlife professionals and zoo veterinarians determine the sex of these animals and differentiate it from other domestic and wild small ruminants for solving veterolegal cases. This study's findings will also motivate and assist other comparative studies with various domestic and wild small ruminants.  相似文献   

Randomized controlled clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of intratumoral treatment of canine mast cell tumors with tigilanol tiglate (EBC‐46)     

Thomas R. De Ridder  Justine E. Campbell  Cheryl Burke‐Schwarz  David Clegg  Emily L. Elliot  Samuel Geller  Wendy Kozak  Stephen T. Pittenger  Jennifer B. Pruitt  Jocelyn Riehl  Julie White  Melissa L. Wiest  Chad M. Johannes  John Morton  Pamela D. Jones  Peter F. Schmidt  Victoria Gordon  Paul Reddell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):415-429

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Effect of Fermentation and Oil Incorporation on the Retention of E Vitamers During Breadmaking     

Oliver Buddrick  Oliver A. H. Jones  Paul D. Morrison  Darryl M. Small 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(3):327-331

All forms of baking and processing cause a loss of nutrients, including vitamin E, but little is known about these occurrences or if they could be avoided. The objective of this research was to study the incorporation of palm oil and the stability of vitamin E in palm oil during breadmaking. Wheat meal and rye breads were baked with and without the addition of 0, 2, 5, or 8% palm oil. The eight E group vitamers (tocopherols and tocotrienols) were extracted by using accelerated solvent extraction, freeze dried, and then analyzed with normal‐phase HPLC. Compared with the controls, the inclusion of palm oil was found to increase the quantity of all forms of vitamin E in the final baked products. It is concluded that palm oil is effective in increasing the vitamin E content of whole grain bread.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation comparing a detomidine continuous rate infusion combined with either morphine or buprenorphine for standing sedation in horses          下载免费PDF全文

Joanna J Potter  Paul D MacFarlane  Emma J Love  Henry Tremaine  Polly M Taylor  Joanna C Murrell 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):189-194

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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) decreases pulmonary shunt in anaesthetized horses          下载免费PDF全文

Martina Mosing  Paul MacFarlane  David Bardell  Laura Lüthi  Peter J. Cripps  Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(6):611-622

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Use of an epidural catheter inserted at L1–L2 in a dog undergoing pelvic limb amputation          下载免费PDF全文

Mathieu Raillard  Thomas R Harcourt‐Brown  Ivan P Doran  Paul D MacFarlane 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):237-238

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Perioperative trends in plasma colloid osmotic pressure in horses undergoing surgery          下载免费PDF全文

Alexandra G. Raftery MA  VetMB  Ruth A. Morgan MA  VetMB  DECEIM  Paul D. MacFarlane BVSc  DECVAA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(1):93-100

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Genetic monitoring of ex situ African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) populations in South Africa     

Christiaan Labuschagne  Lisa Nupen  Antoinette Kotzé  J Paul Grobler 《African Zoology》2016,51(2):83-90

The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) has suffered population declines and is listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered. The species is endemic to the coast of southern Africa, and breeding colonies are distributed on the south-western coast of Africa. Currently, African Penguins are being kept in zoo and aquarium facilities throughout South Africa. In this study, molecular genetic data based on 12 microsatellite markers from 1 119 African Penguin samples from four facilities were generated in order to determine the level of genetic variation, population structure and differentiation, and effective population size to assist in the development of an effective captive management plan. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.62, and allelic richness from 4.2 to 5.1. However, based on differences between first- and second-generation captive birds, we conclude that the ex situ population is at risk of losing genetic variability in the future and management programmes should include exchange of birds between captive facilities in order to induce gene flow and increase effective population size. Adding individuals from in situ populations should also be considered in the future in cases where these birds cannot be rehabilitated. Molecular genetic analyses of wild penguin populations should be carried out for comparison, and to ascertain to what degree ‘in situ genetic diversity’ is represented among ex situ populations. With regular resampling and analyses, the extent of the effect of processes such as genetic drift on diversity in the ex situ penguin populations will become evident.  相似文献   

Morphologic and biochemical characterization of hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in llamas     

Reed SK  Semevolos SA  Rist PK  Valentine BA 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(8):879-885

OBJECTIVE: To determine the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in llamas. ANIMALS: 12 adult llamas (6 with bilateral hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints and 6 age- and sex-matched control llamas). PROCEDURES: Llamas were evaluated by use of lameness examination, ultrasonography, and radiography. A CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and determination of concentrations of trace minerals in serum and liver samples were performed. Llamas were euthanized, and samples of the superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, and suspensory ligament were obtained from 4 areas and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or suspended in neutral-buffered 10% formalin. Immunohistochemical evaluation of collagen types I and III and assays for measurement of lysyl oxidase activity were performed. RESULTS: 2 affected llamas had a visible gait deficit associated with metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis was detected in 1 severely affected llama, and ultrasonographic changes of soft tissue mineralization and suspensory desmitis were observed in 2 llamas. Liver concentrations of copper were lower and serum concentrations of zinc higher in affected llamas, compared with values in control llamas. Lysyl oxidase activity and collagen distribution did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints in llamas does not appear to be the result of injury or degeneration of the suspensory ligament or flexor tendons. Lower copper concentrations coupled with higher zinc concentrations in affected llamas may be indicative of secondary copper deficiency.  相似文献   

Mucinous cholangiocarcinoma in a cat     

Jacobs TM  Snyder PW 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(3):168-172

Mucinous cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed in a 14-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthaired cat with marked peritoneal effusion. Cytological confirmation of malignancy by fluid analysis and fine-needle, ultrasound-guided aspiration of the liver was followed by histological examination of tissue samples obtained at surgery and necropsy. No observed response followed chemotherapy with doxorubicin and carboplatin. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry helped to further characterize this unusual tumor.  相似文献